Phindu la mchere feteleza kwa mbande ndi wamkulu tomato. Mitundu ndi ntchito ya kuvala

Tomato ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo amafunikira feteleza. Kupaka zovala zapamwamba ndi malo ofunikira kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino.

Masiku ano, feteleza zamchere zimagulitsidwa mu sitolo iliyonse yapadera. Kuchokera mu nkhaniyi mudzaphunzira za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa feteleza mchere, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera monga potassium, potaziyamu sulphate, boric acid.

Taganizirani za feteleza zovuta kwambiri kwa tomato, kodi feteleza ndi chiyani?

Amapereka ndondomeko yoyenera yopangira zovala za tomato.

Ndi chiyani?

Manyowa amchere amathandiza kuti azikhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga:

• magnesiamu;
• manganese;
• calcium;
• sulfure;
• zinki ndi ena.

Koma tomato ambiri amafunikira maminita atatu:

1. nitrogen;
2. potaziyamu;
3. phosphorus.

Mitengo ya feteleza yambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zofunika komanso zina. Mwachidule - chinthu chimodzi chokha chachikulu, chifukwa mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsakaniza ndi ena, kapena pofuna kuteteza kuchepa kwa chinthu china.

Ndikofunikira! Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kudyetsa kudera lokha basi, mwinamwake chomera chidzayamba kuvunda ndipo sichidzaperekanso zokolola zabwino.

Ubwino ndi zovuta

Ubwino wamchere feteleza ndi awa:

• mitsempha yapamwamba ndi yowonjezera;
• mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito nthaka iliyonse;
• gwiritsani ntchito pang'ono.

Pogwiritsira ntchito zosakaniza, mukhoza kusintha kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Chokhumudwitsa ndi chakuti:

• mtengo wa zosakaniza ndi wapamwamba kwambiri;
• Kulemera kwakukulu kumatsogolera ku imfa ya zomera;
• ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Madalitso

Manyowa amchere omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni amathandiza zomera pa kukula ndi chitukuko. Amalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito maluwa asanayambe. Iwo accelerate kukula kwa mphukira ndi masamba. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizowonjezera, chikhalidwe chidzakula mofulumira, tomato adzalengedwa maonekedwe osadziwika, mawanga adzawoneka pa iwo, kukoma kumachepa kwambiri.

Mavitamini a feteleza ndi awa:

• ammonium nitrate;
• urea;
• ammonium sulfate;
• carbamide;
• ammonium sulphate.

Potaziyamu yokhala ndi mchere feteleza imathandiza kwambiri mizu. Chifukwa cha zowonjezera izi:

• mkati mwa tomato samawoneka mndandanda wobiriwira;
• kuwonjezera chomera chitetezo;
• amalimbikitsa kukoma kwa chipatso.

Mu tomato a phosphorous amafunikira nthawiyi:

• Kukula mbande (mfundo zokhudza nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse mbande za phwetekere, werengani pano, ndipo kuchokera mu nkhani iyi mudzaphunzira momwe mungameretse mbande za phwetekere mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira);
• Ziphuphu (za momwe mungameretse tomato musanafike ndi pambuyo pake mutha kupezeka apa);
• akufika pansi.

Zovala zosavuta kwa tomato ndi ntchito zawo

Manyowa ochepa amchere ndi otchipa. Ubwino wa nayitrogeni, potashi ndi zovala za phosphate ndizo kuti mlimi azilamulira kuchuluka kwa zinthu.

Potaziyamu

Potaziyamu feteleza amalowa m'nthaka pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za phwetekere. Ndizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu mchere ndi potaziyamu kloride. Manyowawa ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chitukuko ndi kukoma kwa tomato.

Mu kugwa, mungagwiritse ntchito potaziyamu chloride kuti chlorine isambe m'nthaka. Potaziyamu salt akulimbikitsidwa.omwe alibe chlorine: potassium sulphate kapena potaziyamu sulphate.

Potaziyamu sulphate

Potaziyamu sulphate amaonedwa kuti ndi feteleza abwino kwambiri a tomato. Ndi ufa wonyezimira ngati mawonekedwe azing'ono omwe amathera mosavuta m'madzi. Zilonda zimenezi zimakhalanso ndi:

• chitsulo chosayidi ndi sulufule;
• calcium;
• sodium

Zachigawozi zimachulukitsa kukula ndi zokolola za tomato. Potaziyamu sulfate ikulimbikitsidwa kwa asidi dothi.. Kusinthanitsa ndi madzi kungapangidwe mwachindunji pa zimayambira ndi masamba a tomato.

Boric acid

Mankhwala a boric angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mbeu za phwetekere, kutsuka mbewu, ndikuika m'mitsime musanabzala mbande pamalo otseguka.

Mukakonza njira yothetsera asidi mwachindunji pansi pa mizu ya phwetekere kudzera mwa iwo kupita masamba. Kupopera mankhwalawo mwachindunji pazitsamba zobiriwira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri..

Pofuna kuthetsa yankho la boric acid, m'pofunika kuwerengera molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawozo: 1 g wa mankhwala kufika 1 l. madzi.

Kusokoneza mankhwalawa kumakhala m'madzi otentha, ndipo kudyetsa kudyetsa.

Wokonzeka zovuta kudya

Mankhwala ovuta kwambiri owonjezera ndiwo:

• Diammofosk;
• Ammophos;
• Nitroammofosk.

Magazi a diammofosk ali ndi 26% ya potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, 10% ya nayitrogeni, ndi mitundu yambiri ya michere.

Ubwino wa feteleza uwu ndikuti umasungunuka mosavuta. Mukhoza kubweretsa pansi pamene ikukumba. Norm 30-40 g pa 1 mita² pansi. Mukhoza kuthirira mizu ya tchire. Kuti muchite izi, supuni 1-2 za Dimmofoski zinasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi, njira iyi ndi yokwanira mamita 1².

Ammophos ali ndi madzi oposa 10% a nayitrogeni ndi 50% phosphorous. Palibe chlorine mmenemo. Manyowawa amathandiza kwambiri mizu ya phwetekere ndipo amathandiza kuti zipatsozo zipse mwamsanga. Zingathe kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuthirira madzi a zitsamba, kapena kufalikira wouma ndi mtunda kuchokera pa thunthu ziyenera kukhala zoposa 10 masentimita. Kuphatikizapo Diammofoski ndi Ammophos ndikuti palibe nitrates m'magulu awa.

Nitroammofoska ndi granular imvi feteleza, momwe zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi 16%. Kupaka izi kumapangidwanso kwambiri m'madzi. Feteleza imapereka zokolola za tomato ndi 30%, ndipo nthawi zina - 70%. Mlingo wa ntchito - 30-40 gr. pa 1 mamita². Mukhoza kuyanika pamene mukumba pansi kapena kuwadyetsa mizu.

Mu nitroammofosk pali nitrates omwe angakhoze kudziunjikira mu tomato. Ngati mlingo wa mawu oyambawo udzawonjezeredwa, kukoma ndi phindu la kudya tomato wotero ndizochepa.

Organo-mineral

Organic mineral feteleza ndi zosakaniza za zinthu zakuthupi, mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku manyowa kapena slurry, ndi mchere wambiri. Tomato yophimba pamwambayi imapezeka mwamsanga. Manyowa opangidwa ndi umoyo ndi okonda zachilengedwe..

Amakonza mapangidwe a nthaka ndipo ali mu mawonekedwe:

1. makina ouma;
2. granules;
3. zothetsera.

Kawirikawiri kavalidwe ka tomato amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - chilengedwe chochokera ku:

• silt;
• manyowa;
• peat

Mu mchere wa sodium ndi potaziyamu kuwonjezera pa chinthu chachikulu chiripo:

1. zovuta za mineral substances;
2. mabakiteriya opindulitsa;
3. humic acid.

Chifukwa cha zigawo zomwe zilipo, kubereka ndi khalidwe la nthaka limakhala bwino, ndipo mizu ya phwetekere imakhala yotentha ndikukula mofulumira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito humates kumawonjezera zokolola. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zosiyana za nyengo yokula. Mu njira yake, mukhoza kuchepetsa mbeu, kuthirira mbewu ndi kubzala mbewu. Pa chidebe cha madzi amatengedwa 1 tbsp. supuni ya kusakaniza.

Dyetsani mbande ndi tomato okalamba mutabzala mutha kukhala zakudya zowonjezera malyshok. Zimathandiza zomera kupewa kupanikizika panthawi yopatsira, kumathandiza mizu kukula.

Mndandanda wa zochitika, ubwino ndi zoipa za maonekedwe okonzeka monga Malyshok, Red Giant, Mag Bor ndi ena, tawuza apa.

Ngati mukulitsa mbeu za phwetekere mu njira yothetsera fetelezayi, amakula bwino komanso mofulumira. Pokonzekera, onjezerani 100 ml ya mankhwala a Malyshok ku chidebe cha madzi.

Manyowa a feteleza Senor Nthata imathandiza kwambiri popanga mazira, imathandiza kusintha zipatso za zipatso. Zomera zimapeza potaziyamu ndi nitrojeni pang'ono, kotero sichikuchepetsa, ndipo chimaganizira kwambiri kupereka bwino. Choncho, mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ndi wogwira mtima makamaka ngati ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mu theka lachiwiri la kulima. Pa chidebe cha madzi muyenera kutenga 5 tbsp.

Ndondomeko ya ntchito

Manyowa amchere akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito motere.

Pambuyo 2-3 masamba kuonekera pa mbande ya tomato, feteleza ikuchitika ndi zovuta feteleza. Izi zikhoza kukhala zachinyamata kapena nitroammofosk.

Potaziyamu feteleza ndi phosphorous mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri asanakonzekere kudzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamalo otseguka (zazomwe zimayambanso kuvala za mbatata, werengani pano, ndipo kuchokera pano mukuphunzira za feteleza zabwino za mbande ndi tomato wowonjezera. ). Ayenera kuberekedwa m'nthaka kwa nthawi yoyamba pakatha masiku 10 mutabzala, popeza zomera zimayenera kukula masamba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Kudyetsa koteroku kumachitika nthawi imodzi mu masiku khumi.. Mwamsanga pamene maluwa kuwonekera ndi losunga mazira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito potashi feteleza. Tomato amafunikira chakudya chovuta chotere mpaka zomera zitatha.

Ngakhale dothi lachonde kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza silidzapereka mbewu yabwino ya tomato. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zomera zimathetsa dziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo, kotero zimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mwabwino basi feteleza tchire adzasangalala mwiniyo ndi ambiri chokoma ndi wathanzi tomato.