Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa amafunika kusonkhana m'dera lawo laling'ono kapena chikhalidwe chakutentha komwe kuli zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za chisamaliro ndi nyengo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi tomato ndi nkhaka.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino akamabzalidwa pamodzi, muyenera kuganizira zochitika zambiri zomwe takambirana m'nkhaniyi. Ndizotheka ndi koyenera kubzala limodzi, momwe mungachitire moyenera kuti mukolole bwino - werengani.
Kodi n'zotheka kudzala mbewu izi pafupi?
Amaluwa ambiri samalimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba monga ndiwo nkhaka ndi tomato. Kusagwirizana kwawo ndi kosavuta:
- Kwawo nkhaka ndi wakale India. Mofanana ndi mvula yake yakale, nkhaka imakonda dzuwa, lotentha, koma osati nyengo yotentha. Ngakhale zili choncho, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ponena za chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi nthaka. Choncho, izi masamba amafunika kawirikawiri kuthirira. Kwa nkhaka, kutuluka kosatha ndi zojambula, zomwe ziri zofunika kwa tomato, zimakhala zowononga.
- Malingana ndi magwero ena, dziko la Peru limaonedwa ngati malo oberekera phwetekere. Mbewu iyi ndi yopanda ulemu kwambiri. Koma, mosiyana ndi nkhaka, samakonda kuthirira mobwerezabwereza komanso kutentha kwa dzuwa, amakonda mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala. Kupanda kutero, phwetekere amatha kukoma kwake kokoma.
Kodi muyenera kuganizira chiyani?
Kuti mupeze tomato wabwino ndi nkhaka mukamabzala pamodzi mu wowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunikira kuganizira zotsatirazi:
- Mpweya wobiriwira uyenera kukhala wamtali ndi wokwanira mokwanira. Nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti alowemo.
- Kowonjezera kutentha kumakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo mu dipatimenti ya "tomato".
Muyeneranso kusankha mitundu yambiri ya mbewu:
- pakati pa nkhaka ayenera kukhala ndi matenda osakanizidwa ndi hybrids kapena mitundu yosalekeza;
- kwa tomato, chinyezi ndi kutentha zimakhala bwino.
Zingakhale bwino kuika wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera kumadzulo kummawa. Motero, mbali ya kumwera kwa wowonjezera kutentha idzakhala bwino.
Kukhoza kokwera kophatikiza
Kukula tomato ndi nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndizovuta komanso zovuta. Zomera za masamba awa sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi zosowa zawo za nyengo. Zojambula zonse ndi kuzizira zingathe kuwononga zokolola za nkhaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, phwetekere ndi mthunzi wa nthaka ndi mpweya zingafe konse.
Koma pali madalitso awiri osakayikira a kulima pamodzi:
- Kupulumutsa malo ndi zokolola zokwanira (ngakhale kuti anthuwa akufunikira zina);
- Monga lamulo, nkhaka ndi tomato ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Nkhaka zimafuna
Kuti mupeze ndiwo zamasamba, muyenera kusamala:
- Kubzala nkhaka ndi madigiri 10-15 otentha.
- Chomera ndi zipatso zimakula bwino pa madigiri 25-32.
- Nkhaka kukula imasiya ngati mpweya kutentha ndi pansi pa 10 kapena kuposa madigiri 40.
- Zipatso sizikutha kutentha kwa madigiri 35.
- Kutentha kwa dothi kungakhale kosiyana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osapitirira madigiri 2-3.
- Thupi la dothi lisakhale pansi pa 85-95 peresenti.
- Thupi la dothi liyenera kukhala 75 mpaka 80 peresenti.
- Mu nyengo youma, nkhaka ayenera kuthirira kawirikawiri.
- Matenda aang'ono m'zaka zoyambirira za kukula si zofunika kwa manyowa. Komanso sikuvomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ochulukirapo nkhaka kukula pa dothi la mchenga.
- Acidity ya nthaka sayenera kulowerera kapena yosavomerezeka pang'ono.
Phwetekere amafunika
- Kubzala tomato ndi kotheka kale pa madigiri 8 Celsius.
- Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitukuko cha mabala ndi zipatso zochokera ku madigiri 18-25.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kumachepetseka kutentha pansi pa 15 ndi kuposa madigiri 35 Celsius.
- Nyamayi imatha kupirira mpaka madigiri -1 °.
- Chinyezi cha mpweya ndi dothi sayenera kudutsa 45-60 peresenti.
- Ndikofunika kuthirira masamba ambiri, koma osaposa 1-2 pa sabata.
- M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, mukhoza kuthirira katatu pamlungu.
- Tomato ngati wolemba bwino, koma usalekerere mphepo.
- Kutentha kwa nthaka, monga nkhaka, iyenera kukhala yowonongeka pang'ono kapena yopanda ndale.
Zinthu zofanana
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kubzala masamba ndiwofunika kugawa malo. Komanso, ndibwino kugawana osati kuyeza kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kuti athe kupanga kachilombo kosiyana, komanso nthaka pakati pa mabedi. Izi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku kuthirira nkhaka sichitha ku mizu ya tomato. Podzala malo otseguka, tomato ayenera kupatulidwa ndi nkhaka pogwiritsa ntchito:
- sikwashi;
- chimanga;
- beets;
- mphesa kapena china chilichonse "chopanda pake" chomera chikhalidwe.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu
Pofuna kulima mbewu monga tomato ndi nkhaka, ndi bwino kusankha tomato mitundu yambiri yopatsa mphamvu, yosagonjetsa matenda komanso osafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Pakati pa phwetekere ndi.
Mapiri
Wamtali osiyanasiyana ndi lowala lalanje zipatso. Kulima kumatha kufika pa makilogalamu 8.
Nastena
Pakuti izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zazikulu, zofiira, minofu zipatso. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri ku matenda, imapirira mosavuta chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha kwake.
Anastasia
Kutalika pakati pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana kumakhala ndi zofiira kapena burgundy za kukula kwake. Poyang'anira zofunikira, zimapereka makilogalamu 12 a mbewu.
Chimphona cha rasipiberi
Mitunduyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mahatchi akuluakulu a pinki. Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Diabolic
Kusiyana ku kukula kwakukulu, kufika mamita 1.5, ndipo amapanga zipatso zazikulu zofiira. Mitunduyi sikuti "ikudwala".
Timapereka kuwonera kanema za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato Yophiphiritsa:
Samara
Kuphulika kosiyanasiyana kwa zipatso zoyera zofiira zomwe sizikuphulika. Zowonjezereka zowonjezera kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Musanadzale mbande, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Pakati pa nkhaka mitundu ya zipatso zosiyana zimasiyana.
Wokoma mtima
Kutalika kwa kuyang'ana msanga. Osati woyenera kumalongeza.
Vyaznikovsky 37
Imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba yakucha. Kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo powdery mildew.
Mlimi
Kuwonekera kwa chilengedwe chonse chomwe chiri choyenera kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kutsegula koyera. Amapsa miyezi iwiri.
Liliput
Zokwera-zobala zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizikufuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza.
Kukwanira
Zotchuka pa zokolola zambiri za makilogalamu 30 pa mita iliyonse.
Rodnichok
Monga lamulo amapereka zokolola zambiri ndipo amatsutsana ndi matenda. Zowonjezera zambiri ku malo obiriwira.
Herman
Kuyambirira kucha zosiyanasiyana ndi sing'anga kakulidwe lalikulu zipatso. Amalekerera chisangalalo chakumayambiriro ndipo sakhala ndi matenda. Mitundu iyi ilibe chakuwa.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji?
Kukolola kotheka sikudalira kokha kutsatizana ndi nyengo zonse, komanso momwe mungamere bwino mbande zomwe zakula kale kuchokera ku mbewu. Zisanachitike muyenera kukonzekera bwino wowonjezera kutentha:
- Chitani mankhwala osokoneza bongo (zambiri zokhudza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nyemba za phwetekere musanafese, werengani nkhani zosiyana);
- konzani pansi;
- pa mlingo wa mamita 1-2 kuchokera kumunda, kukoka mzere;
- Lembani mabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupifupi masentimita makumi anayi ndi kupingasa 90 cm.
- Kodi manyowa ayenera kuyamwa bwanji?
Njira yobzala masamba si yosiyana kwambiri. Zichitika molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Zitsime zikukumbidwa pamabedi ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kupopera;
- mmera ndi nthaka kuchokera mu mphika umabzalidwa mu dzenje;
- Mbewu zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 50 wina ndi mzake mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard;
- ndiye mbande zimatulutsidwa ndi yapadera njira yothetsera zowola.
Kupatukana
Mukhoza kugawa nthaka pakati pa mabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha mothandizidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo nthawi yonseyi. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa "kutaya" kwa madzi mukamwetsa nkhaka kupita ku tomato. Palinso njira ina yogawira chiwembucho. Kwa ichi muyenera kupanga mabedi atatu:
- Pakuti nkhaka kugwirizana kumpoto kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi yoziziritsa komanso yochepetsetsa.
- Kubzala tomato ndibwino kwambiri pakati pa gawo, chifukwa ndi bwino kutulutsa mpweya wabwino pano.
- Kumunda wakum'mwera, komwe kuli dzuwa ndi kutentha, mukhoza kubzala tsabola (mtundu wa tsabola ndi tomato pamodzi).
Kupanga maula
Kuti mupange nyengo yanu, zomwe zimafunika kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kupanga chosemphana pakati pawo. Mukhoza kutambasula chakudya chokhazikika pakati pa mabedi kuchokera pamtunda wa nthaka mpaka pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha. Musanapange chipinda, ndibwino kuti mupange khomo lina kuchokera kumbali ina ya wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zidzakulolani kuti musunthire kuchoka ku "chipinda" chokhazikitsidwa chopangidwa ndi makina a wowonjezera kutentha kwa wina.
Hydrogel
Njira inanso yothandizira tomato kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi kwambiri mukamadzaza nkhaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito hydrogel, yomwe ili ndi ma polima. Pamene imanyowa, imatenga madzi ndipo imakula kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa nthaka mutabzala nkhaka, zidzathandiza kusamalira zamasamba.
Momwe mungasamalire mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi pamunda - malangizo ndi sitepe
Ndi malo okonzera malo otentha, kusamalira tomato ndi nkhaka zomwe zimabzalidwa pamodzi sizomwe zikusiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika. Kuti mupeze tomato wabwino, muyenera:
- milungu iwiri yoyamba itatha, yang'anani ulamuliro wa kutentha wa madigiri 20-22;
- Dzuwa likayamba kugwira ntchito, mbewu zimayenera kukhala zochepa;
- kuthirira koyamba sikunapitilire 10 mutabzala;
- kuthirira kumakhala m'mawa kapena madzulo;
- kutentha kwa madzi sikuyenera kusiyana ndi nthaka kutentha;
- phwetekere imathiriridwa pamzu womwewo;
- Pambuyo kuthirira masamba, chipinda chofunda chotentha chimayenera kufotokozedwa;
- Ndikofunika kupereka mwayi wa tizilombo ndi njuchi kuti tipewe mungu wa mbatata.
Ndi zophweka kusamalira nkhaka pamabedi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ochepa okha:
- mbande zazing'ono zathirira madzi otentha, pafupifupi madigiri 25;
- pambuyo kuthirira wowonjezera kutentha, ndi zofunika kuti ventilate, osaloledwa zidutswa;
- pamene mazira oyambirira akuwonekera, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kukwera madigiri 28;
- kotero kuti chomeracho sichikula, muyenera kumapangika nthawi yake.
Hydrogel - m'malo mwa madzi
Choponderetsa choterechi chingathandize kupewa madzi okwanira mobwerezabwereza, ndi zosavuta bwanji kuzisamalira:
- 10 magalamu a hydrogel amafunikira pafupifupi malita atatu a madzi;
- musanadzale mmera kachilombo kakang'ono ka polima akuwonjezeredwa ku chitsime;
- ndiye, chomera chomera kuti chikhale chikho ½ chikho cha gel womaliza;
- N'zotheka kuthetsa phokoso, m'madzi, ndi ofooka njira ya organic kapena mineral fetereza.
Mulch kusunga chinyezi
Njira ina yothandiza kusamalira masamba - zamulchirovanie. Mabedi akuoneka kuti "akuphimbidwa" ndi udzu wodulidwa kapena namsongole pamtunda wa masentimita 8, omwe amawonjezeredwa ngati akuuma. Mulch amasunga chinyezi, chomwe chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira. Kuwonjezera apo, kuvunda, chigawo chotsalira cha bulangeti chotero chimakhalabe kutentha, chofunika kwambiri ku nkhaka.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zokolola zambiri za masamba ndi fetereza yosankhidwa bwino. Zimathandiza zomera kukhala olimba komanso osagwirizana ndi nyengo yoipa kapena matenda. Kodi njira yabwino yothira nkhaka ndi iti?
- Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika masabata awiri mutabzala. Mitha imodzi ya slurry imachepetsedwa mu 8 malita a madzi ndi inflorescences amathiridwa pamabedi.
- Nthawi yachiwiri masamba amamera nthawi ya maluwa. Pochita izi, mu 10 malita a madzi muyenera kuchepetsa supuni 1 ya phulusa ndi kutsuka nkhaka.
- Nthawi yachitatu imapangidwa kuvala pamene chipatso chokoma. Pachifukwachi, kukonzekera chingamu ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito - 2 malita pa 10 malita a madzi. Utsi uyenera kukhala mizu ya mbewu.
- Chachinayi masamba feteleza amakulolani kuti mukulitse fruiting.
Ndikofunikira! Lekani kudyetsa nkhaka ayenera masabata 2-3 musanayambe kukolola.
Manyowa a tomato amapezeka mothandizidwa ndi makoswe apadera, omwe amatsanulidwa pa mizu ya zomera:
- Top dressing ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa June. Kukonzekera yankho liyenera:
- Supuni 1 nitrofoski;
- 0,5 mullein;
- Supuni 0,5 ya boric acid;
- Mapiritsi awiri a micronutrients;
- 10 malita a madzi.
- Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku oyambirira a July. Kukonzekera zosakaniza zomwe mukufuna:
- Mapiritsi awiri a micronutrients;
- 0,5 mullein;
- Supuni imodzi ya sulfate ya potaziyamu;
- 10 malita a madzi.
Nkhondo ndi kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda
Monga zomera zina zambiri, nkhaka ndi tomato zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Nthawi zambiri tizilombo timasamalira namsongole akukula pafupi ndi masamba. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchotsa udzu wambiri kuchokera ku mabedi ndi kuzungulira wowonjezera kutentha.
- Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, nkhaka ndi tomato ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yapadera zomwe zimapangitsa zomera kusakondweretsa tizilombo.
- Komanso, kuchotseratu masamba a matenda nthawi yake kudzakuthandizani kupeŵa kufa kwathunthu kwa zomera.
Komabe, ngati gawo la munda wa khitchini limalola kapena pali zitsamba ziwiri, ndi bwino kukula nkhaka mosiyana ndi tomato. Kapena sankhani zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomera ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka "imadzimva" yokha pafupi ndi tsabola kapena nyemba, ndipo tomato "amakonda" ndi kabichi woyera.
