Zambiri za momwe mungamere tomato wamkulu. Zonse zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa kuchokera pakusankha mitundu kuti zisamalire masamba

Aliyense wamaluwa amalota za wokolola wolemera wa tomato. Komanso, tomato sayenera kukhala ambiri, ayenera kukula lalikulu. Kwa katswiriyu, chikhalidwe chotero ndi chifukwa chodzikuza.

Nkhaniyi ikuuzeni mwatsatanetsatane za momwe mungapezere tomato wamkulu pa chiwembu chanu. Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere polima, mitundu iti idzabala zipatso zazikulu, momwe mungasankhire dothi, mphamvu ndi momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu, komanso momwe mungamere ndi kukula tomato.

Mavuto ndi zizindikiro za kukula kwa tomato wamkulu

Pofuna kukolola bwino tomato, kulemera kwake komwe kumaposa 300 magalamu, ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kuti tipambane, Ndikofunika kuganizira zinthu zina.:

• m'katikati mwa Russia, tomato akulu kuthengo sadzakhala ndi nthawi yakuphuka, choncho ayenera kubzalidwa pokhapokha mukutentha. Kum'mwera kwa dzikoli, mbeuyi ingabzalidwe padera (pofuna kulima tomato panja, werengani apa);
• Tomato amafunikira mapangidwe apadera, omwe timafotokoza pansipa;
• Mudzafunikanso kusamalira zinthu zabwino, chifukwa chipatso chikhoza kuthyola mphukira zonse;
• chifukwa kukula kwa tomato waukuluwo kumafuna kuunika kwabwino komanso kosatha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya;
• Mbewu imeneyi ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, komanso yokonzekera tomato ndi ketchups, koma osati pickling;
• Nthawi zambiri mavalidwe amakula pamene tomato amafunikira zakudya zambiri;
• Nthawi yosungiramo zipatso zoterezi ndi yaitali chifukwa cha khungu lawo;
• tomato amafunikira zowonjezera mphepo yotetezedwa;
• nthawi yakucha ikuwonekera poyerekeza ndi mitundu yaying'ono yobala zipatso;
• chisamaliro chofunikira.

Mzere

1. Chozizwitsa cha dziko lapansi.
2. Alsou.
3. Njovu yakuda
4. Zosangalatsa.
5. Mfumu ya Siberia.
6. Koenigsberg.
7. Tsar Bell.
8. Grandee
9. Msilikali wamkulu.
10. Mphuno yamphongo.
11. Kunyada kwa Siberia.
12. Pinki uchi
13. Zokondwerera zosangalatsa.
14. Chozizwitsa cha Altai.
15. Bakansky pinki.

Momwe mungasankhire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, talemba apa.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Nthaka

Nthaka yobzala mbande ikhale ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• nthaka kapena masamba;
• peat ndi acidity sipamwamba kuposa pH 6.5;
• mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje;
• humus kapena kompositi;
• ndi phulusa la nkhuni.

Zonse zigawo ziyenera kutengedwa mu ndalama zofanana.

Kuwonjezera pa zonse zomwe zalembedwa mu gawo lapansi, muyenera kuwonjezera magalamu 10 a urea, 30-40 magalamu a superphosphate ndi 10-15 magalamu a fetereza. Zonsezi zikhoza kulowetsedwa ndi feteleza imodzi yovuta, yomwe potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zidzakhalapo mbali yaikulu ndi nayitrojeni m'gawo laling'ono.

Zonse zosakaniza za mbande ziyenera kumatetezedwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito mu uvuni wotenthedwa kufika madigiri 200 kwa mphindi pafupifupi 40-60. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika patatha sabata isanayambe kubzala kuti mabakiteriya opindulitsa abwerere mu gawo lapansi.

Nthaka ya tomato ikhale yopepuka, yopuma, koma panthawi imodzimodzi, imene chinyezi chidzatha. Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mpweya, sphagnum moss akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka pang'onopang'ono.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

1. Musanafese, mbewu ziyenera kulowerera mufooka njira ya manganese. Ndibwino kuti muzichita izi mu gauze, kuti musadzayambe kugwira mbewuzo. Nthawi yopangira phwetekere ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimatsukidwa pansi pa madzi ndi zouma.
2. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndizofunika kuchita zambiri komanso ndondomeko ya kumwa. Pachifukwachi, mbewuzi ziyenera kuthiridwa maola 12 mu njira yotsatirayi: gwiritsani magalamu 20 a phulusa mumtunda wa madzi. Apanso, ndibwino kuti mukulunga mbewu mu thumba la gauze. Pambuyo pa nthawi yeniyeni, mbewuyi imayikidwa m'madzi oyera tsiku limodzi. Chidebe ndi madzi chiyenera kukhala pamalo otentha (kutentha pang'ono - madigiri 24-25 pamwambapa).
3. Kenako pitirizani kuumitsa. Mwamsanga atachotsa njere m'madzi, amasamutsidwa ku firiji kwa maola 48. Thumba lapafupi nthawi zonse liyenera kupopedwa kuti lisakhazikike.

Pambuyo pa njira zonsezi, mbewu zimabzalidwa mwamsanga pansi.

Tikukupatsani inu kuti muwone kanema yokhudza kukonzekera mbeu za phwetekere:

Kusankhidwa kwa Mphamvu

Maluso obzala mbande akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Makaseti apadera, makapu ndi makapu a peat alipo. (za momwe tingamerekere phwetekere mu mbatata, timalemba m'nkhani zathu). Ndipo mungatenge makapu apulasitiki, omwe amapanga mabowo a mpweya ndi madzi.

Momwe mungabzalidwe: mizere ndi malangizo

1. Mabokosi a tomato akuluakulu amafunika kukumba mpaka masentimita 25.
2. Pafupifupi tomato onse akuluakulu amakula mu tsinde limodzi. Choncho, mtunda wa pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala masentimita 70, ndipo pakati pa mizera yokha - pafupifupi theka la mita. Madera amenewa amathandiza phwetekere iliyonse kupeza kuwala ndi zakudya zokwanira.
3. Kukonzekera zitsime za kubzala mbande ziyenera kukhalapo pasadakhale. Ayenera kukumba kwa sabata ku nthaka ali ndi nthawi yotentha. Mu mitsuko yofukula amafunika kuika fetereza, yomwe imakhala ndi humus ndi phulusa. (Kuwunika: galasi la phulusa limaphatikizidwa ku chidebe cha humus.) Mchenga uyenera kusakanizidwa mu nthaka yonse, chifukwa dothi la mchenga limakonda tomato.
4. Pakamatera, kutentha kwabwino konse sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 13 Celsius. Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zofunidwa, choyambiriracho chimaphimbidwa ndi filimu yakuda. Ngati palibe filimu yabwino, zitsime zimatha kutenthedwa ndi kuthira madzi otentha. Pakati lililonse muyenera kutsanulira chidebe. Choncho, agronomist sichidzangotentha nthaka, koma komanso kukhazikitsa yabwino microclimate mu wowonjezera kutentha.
5. Kenaka, mbande zimasamutsira ku malo osatha ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi, momwe udakwera kale. Kotero zidzakhala zophweka kuti athetse vutoli.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kubzala tomato zikufotokozedwa pano.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Kupanga

1. Kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri za tomato zazikulu, tchire tiyenera kupangidwira kukhala tsinde limodzi, pazigawo ziwiri.
2. Inflorescence yoyamba iyenera kuchotsedwa.
3. Posakhalitsa 3-4 ma inflorescences apanga, kukula kwa mphukira yaikulu kuyenera kuimitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kufotokozera kukula.
4. Pa inflorescence iliyonse sayenera kukhala oposa awiri ovari.
5. Pamwamba pa burashi lomaliza muyenera kusiya masamba angapo.
6. Pa nthawi yonse yobzala, muyenera kuchotsa ana opeza. Ndi bwino kungozisiya ndikuzichita m'mawa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kuchoka chingwe ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2-3.

Ngati mutatsatira zotsatirazi, mutha kupeza tomato yaikulu 3-4 kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Musaiwale kuti zitsamba zoterozo zimafunikira chithandizo china. Ndipo ndi bwino kuziyika pasadakhale, osati kudikira mpaka nthambi zichoke. Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito nsomba kapena mawaya ochepa pa njirayi. Chifukwa pamene nthambi zimagwera pa iwo, amatha kudula okha.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwone kanema yokhudzana ndi phwetekere:

Kuthirira

Kutentha kwa nthaka bwino sikuyenera kukhala kawirikawiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuli wochuluka. Matenda a tomato amachititsa kuti asamavutike kwambiri.. Ndi bwino kudzaza tchire ndikupanga dambo laling'ono. Pakati pa kutentha kwakukulu, nkhumba zoterozo zidzatha msanga ndipo sizidzavulaza mizu.

Simungakhoze kuthirira tchire pamwamba, muyenera kuthira okha pazu. Nthaŵi yoyenera yothira pansi ndi madzulo dzuwa likangokhala. Usiku, tomato akhoza kudyetsedwa mokwanira.

Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi 1-2 nthawi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Kuwonjezera apo, chitsamba chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi malita 5 a madzi. Musanayambe kusamba, madzi ayenera kuikidwa pambali kwa masiku angapo ndikuwonjezera manyowa, manyowa ndi namsongole. Kusokoneza kotereku kumathandiza kuti madziwo akhale ofunda kwambiri, ofanana ndi madzi a mvula.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere vidiyo yokhudza kuthirira tomato:

Kuunikira

Kulankhula za tomato ndi zipatso zazikulu, ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti chikhalidwe chimafuna kuwala kwambiri. Apo ayi, zipatso sizimapsa ngakhale miyezi itatu. Chifukwa chodzala tomato wotere muyenera kusankha malo omwe amakhala otsegukira dzuwa tsiku lonse. Pakuyenera kukhala palibe wakuda.

Thandizo! Ndipo ngati tomato ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, nkofunika kusamalira bwino zina zowunikira. Apa nyali ziwiri za fulorosenti ndi ma fitolamps apadera, omwe ali abwino kwambiri kukula kwa zomera, akhoza kukhala abwino.

Kudyetsa

Chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika mkati mwa sabata pambuyo pa kubzala kwa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutseguka pansi. Zokwanira pa njira iyi ndi zitosi za mbalame. Kuchita izi, zowumitsa zowuma zimadonthozedwa m'madzi kwa maola ambiri mu chiŵerengero cha 1:20.

Zakudya izi zikupangidwa masabata awiri. Pochita izi, mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza yovuta kwambiri, ndipo mukhoza kuchepetsa supuni ya tiyi ya nitrophoska kufika 5 malita a madzi. Imwani lita imodzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Kudyetsa koteroko kuyenera kuchitika milungu iwiri iliyonse mpaka kupangidwa kwa zipatso zonse.

Mitambo ndi zinsinsi za zokolola zabwino

• Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo masamba omwe ali pansi, komanso omwe ali ndi chikasu komanso omwe akuphimba zipatso ndi maburashi.
• Kuti tomato azisangalatsa, amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi ayodini. Pofuna kuthetsa yankho, muyenera kutenga 10 malita a madzi ndikuwonjezera madontho atatu a ayodini kumeneko. Manyowawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa nyengo.
• Asanakhazikitsidwe zipatso zoyamba, tomato ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu wobiriwira.
• Nthawi yochokera ku mbande yoyamba kuti ikamatuluke pamalo okhalitsa ayenera kukhala masiku osachepera makumi asanu ndi awiri.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa tomato si kophweka. Choncho, sikuti akatswiri a katswiri aliyense amapanga izi. Komabe, pakali pano chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kutsatira malamulo onse ndi kuwatsatira nthawi yake. Ndiyeno wolima masamba adzalandira zokolola zambiri za tomato.