Kukula masamba ku wowonjezera kutentha - njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza perekani banja lanu ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zothandiza. Ambiri amlimi amagwiritsa ntchito greenhouses ndi greenhouses mu kasupe ndi yophukira nyengo, kupititsa nthawi yokolola mpaka chisanu.
Komabe, malo osungirako otentha amapanga malinga ndi malamulo. adzathandiza kusonkhanitsa masamba atsopano ngakhale m'nyengo yozizirapamene mavitamini ndi ofunika kwambiri. Mpweya wobiriwira udzakuthandizani kuti mupeze ndalama zowonjezera masamba m'nyengo yozizira, pamene kufunika kwawo kuli kwakukulu kwambiri. Momwe mungameremo masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira, ganizirani pansipa.
Zowonjezera kutentha
Momwe mungakonzekere wowonjezera kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira? Kupanga chaka chonse chotentha, ndikofunika kusunga zinthu zonse kuti zikule bwino: kupereka kutentha kwabwino ndi chinyezi, kuchuluka kwake kwa dzuwa, kuthekera kokwera. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kuwerengera mtengo wa Kutentha ndi kuyatsa wowonjezera kutentha kotero kuti asaphimbe phindu la ndiwo zamasamba.
Chaka chilichonse wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala ndi maziko olimba. Kuti muonetsetse kutalika kwake kwa zomera, mukhoza kulimbitsa kapangidwe kake. Chinyengo ichi chidzakuthandizani kusungira kutentha komanso kutaya kuwala kofunikira.
Ndibwino kukula masamba mu sing'anga-kakulidwe wowonjezera kutentha, mpaka mamita 20 kutalika ndi 2.5-3 mamita ambiri. Zokongola padenga zomangamanga - imodzi yokha. Khoma lakumtunda likhoza kuikidwa ndi miyala ya slag kapena bar, kuteteza zomera ku mphepo yozizira. Kowonjezera kutentha kumafunika kukhala ndi zitseko komanso zitseko ziwiri. Chofunika kwambiri mphepo ya mphepo yothamanga.
Kawirikawiri zimakhala zobiriwira pamtunda wozungulira ndi chobvala chopanda kutentha. Maziko amenewo adzakhala kwa zaka zambiri, wowonjezera kutentha adzakhala olimba ndi odalirika. Monga chophimba, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene wandiweyani kapena galasi lamakina. Koma mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi wapamwamba zinthu - ma polycarbonate. Zimatumiza kuwala bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi kutentha ngakhale mu chisanu choopsa kwambiri.
Pakuti kutentha kwa mapaipi kumayikidwa mbali zonse za wowonjezera kutentha. Chitsime cha kutentha chidzakhala magetsi oyendera magetsi. Mukhoza kuyatsa kapangidwe ka timatabwa ta nkhuni zomwe zimapulumutsa mafuta.
Kuwonjezera kutentha mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha kudzathandiza komanso fakitale - zowonongekawothira udzu. Kusakaniza kumaonekera pansi pa dothi la pamwamba. Biofuel ndi yoyenera kukula nkhaka, radishes ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwambiri.
Kusankha masamba
M'nyengo yozizira wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kulima mbewu iliyonse, kuchokera ku tomato wotchuka kupita pamwamba pa letesi ndi zitsamba zokometsera. Mmodzi mwa masamba otchuka ndi obala zipatso:
- nkhaka;
- tomato;
- radish;
- katsamba kabichi;
- eggplants;
- tsabola wokoma;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi;
- zukini.
Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha, kotero zimayenera kuikidwa m'malo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo tomato ndi tsabola wokoma amafuna chinyezi chokwanira (osati apamwamba kuposa 60%) ndi kutuluka mobwerezabwereza. Njira imeneyi imayambitsa nkhaka, yomwe imakhala yofiira komanso yotentha.
M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi mvula yambiri imakhala yosavuta kusunga.
Kusankha mitundu Ndikofunika kupereka zosiyana ndi hybridsamalimidwa makamaka kuti atseke. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri; Mitundu yambiri ya kutentha imakhala ndi zokolola zabwino komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mmera kukonzekera
Amaluwa ena amagula mbande pamsika ndi minda ina. Koma kukula mbande zako kuchokera ku mbewu zambiri zopindulitsa kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, ndondomekoyi ingayambe nthawi iliyonse, yomwe idzaonetsetsa kuti kukolola kwa chaka chonse.
Ndi bwino kukula mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'nyumba. Mbewu za kumera kwa mbeu zimasiyana. kuchokera kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe alipo. Nthaŵi zina, kutentha kwapansi kapena kutentha kumakhala kofunika. Pakati pa wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuyika mbande za mbewu zosiyana ndi zofunikira zolima.
Ngati palibe mwayi wokonza wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande, mbewu akhoza kumera pamtunda wosiyana mu chipinda chodziwika, pafupi ndi kuthekera kwa nyali. Mbewu imatha kumera mu makapu a peat, koma njira iyi si yoyenera kwa eggplant ndi mbewu zina zomwe zili ndi mizu yofooka. Kwa njira yodulidwa yopititsa patsogolo njira yolima.
Mbewu imafesedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, yomwe imathandiza kuti mupeze mbande zopanda malire. Ngati zikhalidwe zosiyana zimabzalidwa, pambuyo pa chaka iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe. Biringanya mbande obzalidwa m'malo ogwira tomato, ndi nkhaka m'malo mwa radish kapena zukini.
Njira imeneyi sichitha nthaka. Kufesa koyamba kungayambike mu Januwale. Malinga ndi nyengo yokula ya mbewu inayake, mbande zidzakhala okonzeka kuziika mu masabata 3-5 mutabzala mbewu.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Kodi mungamere bwanji masamba ku greenhouse chaka chonse? Masamba amafunika kuwala, osati dothi losavuta. Kwa mbewu zambiri, chisakanizo cha munda wa mchenga, mchenga ndi peat ndi choyenera.
Asanayambe kugona mu wowonjezera kutentha choyambiracho chiyenera kuwerengedweratu kapena kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amchere a sulphate. Mankhwalawa amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pambuyo pa mankhwala, phulusa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku nthaka kapena zovuta za feteleza mchere. Chisakanizocho chimamasulidwa mosamala ndikugawanika pakati pa mapiri. Mu wowonjezera kutentha mungathe kupanga bungwe ndi kulima. Kusungira bwino radish, mutu wa letesi ndi mbewu zina zing'onozing'ono. Alimi ena amalima bwino tomato ndi zukini pa alumali.
Nthaka ya mkati imatha posachedwa, choncho zomera mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse umuna. Mu nthaka, zowola kompositi kapena zovuta mchere feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa pakatha masabata awiri, musanayambe kuvala nthaka muyenera kumasulidwa ndipo namsongole achotsedwa. Panthawi ya kukula kwa mbande, chithandizo chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa feteleza, nthawi ndi nthawi zomera zimatha kudyetsa ndi mankhwala amkuwa.
Zosamalira
M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukhala ndi madigiri 18 mpaka 22 pafupipafupi. Kuwotcha ndi koipa kwa tomato, eggplant ndi tsabola lokoma, komanso ntchentche yozizira ikhoza kuwononga radishes ndi nkhaka. Pa masiku a chisanu, zomera zosungira zowonjezera sizimatulutsa mpweya wabwino, pamene kutentha kwakunja kumatuluka, mpweya umayenera kutsegulidwa 1-2 pa tsiku.
Zamasamba mu wowonjezera kutentha madzi 2-3 pa sabatapamene nthaka imalira pang'ono. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofanana kutentha monga mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha. Madzi ozizira angapangitse kukula kwakukulu komanso kochepa.
Ndi kukula kwa zimayambira za zomera ayenera kumangidwa. Nkhaka ayenera wapadera zothandizira ndi mounting pa denga la wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi chithandizo chawo, zimayambira zamasamba zimatha kutumizidwa m'njira yoyenera, yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri kukula.
Pachiyambi cha mapangidwe a zipatso Ndibwino kuti muchotse masamba apansi pa zimayambira. Kubiriwira kobiriwira kumalepheretsa kukula kwa zipatso. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, njirayi idzakuthandizira kusintha kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomera sizidzakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndi bowa.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha zofunikira kuti asunge mpweyayabwino kwa zomera. Madzi a chinyezi adzakuthandizani kuwonjezera kuthirira kwa mapaipi otentha ndi pansi ndi madzi, komanso kukhazikitsa matanki otseguka m'chipinda. Pofuna kuchapitsa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuika matanki ndi njira yambiri ya mullein. Zabwino kuwonjezera chinyezi ndi mbiya zamadzi otentha, pambali pake, amawonjezera kutentha kwa chipinda.
Ndi kulima kotumizira, kukolola kumachitika chaka chonse. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi kumapeto kwa autumn, chithandizo choteteza malochi chimalimbikitsidwa, ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa nthaka ndi kusamba kwathunthu kwa malo onse. Pambuyo poyendetsa ndi kuthira feteleza, siteji yatsopano yobzala imayamba.
M'madera ano, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuwonjezera nthawi ya chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba ndikuyesa kubzala mofulumira mu nthaka yotentha. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba, mungathe kukolola bwino.
Zosintha zowonjezereka pomanga nyumba zobiriwira zowonjezera zamasamba chaka chonse, mu kanema pansipa:
