Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chowombera zimabweretsa vuto la kusankha.
Kuti musasokoneze komanso kuti musamalipire ndalama zowonjezereka, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa mbali zonse zomwe mungasankhe.
Mitundu ya zipangizo zophimba
Zowonjezereka ndi mitundu yowonjezera yophimba zomera ndi greenhouses: polyethylene ndi film yowonjezeredwa, galasi ndi nonwovens. Kuonjezerapo, kugulitsa kungapezekanso kumapanga mafakitale.
Mafilimu otonthozedwa
Cholinga chachikulu cha filimu yowonjezera - mphamvu zazikulu pa mtengo wovomerezeka pamene mutseka denga la wowonjezera kutentha. Mafilimu omwe amawongolera ali ndi zigawo zitatu: mbali ziwiri zamkati za polyethylene kapena polypropylene, komanso chimodzimodzi chokhazikika pakati.
Kuti filimu ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito fiberglass. Ndi makulidwe okwana 0,2-0.3 mm, matope a fiberglass amatha kulimbana ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera otseguka. Choncho, filimu yowonjezeredwa imatha kugwira ntchito kutentha kuyambira -50 mpaka + madigiri 60, yomwe imakhala ndi mphepo ya mamita 30 pamphindi. Stepan kupititsa patsogolo pamene adasungidwa pa 75%.
Kusankha filimu yowonjezereka ya wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kumvetsera mfundo izi:
- mtundu Mafilimu achikasu kapena a buluu ndi bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito m'munda. Zitsanzo zoterezi zingakhale zosakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, kapena zongoganizira zokha. Mtundu woyenera ndi woyera kapena wabuluu;
- osalimba. Kukonza chisankho chabwino kumachokera ku 120 mpaka 200 g / m2.
Filimu yowonjezeredwa ikugulitsidwa pa mamita 15-20 m'lifupi - pafupifupi 2 mpaka 6 mamita.
Polyethylene
Filimu ya polyethylene ya wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha pakanthawi chovala chotsipa kwambiri msika. Izi zimapindulidwa mosavuta kupanga. Polyethylene ali ndi mlingo wapamwamba kutumiza kuwala (80-90%)Komabe, ilibe mphamvu pang'ono.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa polyethylene kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Wolemba ndakatulo ayenera kupeŵa kugwedezeka ndi madigiri 180.
Mu horticulture, kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya pulasitiki ndi makulidwe a 0.08-0.1 mm, omwe, pogwiritsira ntchito mosamala, amagwira bwino ntchito nyengo imodzi kapena ziwiri. Pali zosankha zowopsya, koma zimakhala zodula kwambiri.
Nonwovens
Zosakaniza za greenhouses - zida zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Mpweya wake umatsika kuti usungunuke polypropylene, kutulutsa nyemba zowonjezera polypropylene filaments ndikuzigwirizanitsa pamodzi. Njira zotsekemera kwa opanga osiyana amasiyana, koma phindu lomwe onse amapeza ndi chinthu chomwecho: nsalu yopangidwa ndi zomangira zolimba.
Ubwino waukulu nonwovens:
- chachikulu mphamvu zamagetsi ndi durability;
- kuphonya osati ma dzuwa, komanso chinyezi;
- zosiyana. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimapezeka muzambiri za 17, 30, 40 ndi 60 g / m2.
Kuonjezera apo, nonwovens angakhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- - yoyera, yokhala ndi mtengo wotsikira komanso unyinji. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutetezera mochedwa chisanu, kumeta maluwa pamatentha, komanso zinthu zakutchire zosungirako;
- - mdima (wakuda wobiriwira, wofiira kapena wakuda). Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi usinkhu wa 40-60 g / sq.m. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa malo amdima kuti athe kutenthedwa ngakhale atakhala ndi dzuwa lopanda mphamvu, malo obiriwira otere kuchokera ku zinthu zimenezi ndi ofunikira kwambiri kukula mbande zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, agrofabric yakuda imatha kutseka mabedi ndi mitengo ya pristvolny kuti ateteze kumsongole.
Galasi
Mbiri ya kugwiritsira ntchito galasi kwa malo obiriwira akubwerera kumayesero a agrotechnical a Peter I. Malo opangira magalasi ali ndi ubwino wotsatira:
- - Musachedwe kuchepetsa ultraviolet yofunikira kwa zomera;
- - zitsutsani bwino kwambiri;
- - musasinthe makhalidwe awo enieni ndi miyeso yamakono ndi kutentha.
Komabe, mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa galasi pa ulimi sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Izi ndi chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali wa nkhaniyo komanso kufunika kokonza mafelemu amphamvu pansi pake. Amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupweteka kwa zidutswa za magalasi.
Kuphimba
Kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe okonzeka kupanga greenhouses kumapanga zambiri zofunika kwa munda wamaluwa:
- - Kutsimikiziridwa mwamphamvu kuti wowonjezera kutentha kungakhale kwa zaka zingapo;
- - Kukhalapo kwa mawindo ambiri kumathandiza chisamaliro cha zomera ndipo nthawi zina kumathetsa kufunikira kochotsa wowonjezera kutentha masana;
- - Kukonzekera kosavuta kumakuthandizani kuti mukonze bwino mfundozo pazithunzi.
Kulephera kwakukulu mafakitale amakwirira - awo mtengo wapatali. Kuwonjezera apo, zivundikirozo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kukula kwake, zimakhala zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa mafelemu osasintha.
Zida zina
Monga chophimba, mafilimu ndi mapepala onse angagwiritsidwe ntchito omwe angathe kutulutsa mazira ambiri a dzuwa. Choncho, alimi amakhala ndi greenhouses ndi zokutira monga:
- - polycarbonate (maselo ndi monolithic). Ili ndi msika wochepa, umakhala wotentha kwambiri, ndipo uli pafupi ndi galasi wamba ponena za kutumiza kwawunikira. Komabe, mapangidwe oterowo angasinthe geometry pamene yatenthedwa. Choncho, amafunika kuyang'ana moyenerera panthawi yomanga;
- - acrylic, odziwika bwino monga plexiglass kapena plexiglass. Kulimbitsa thupi kumatha kutentha ndikupitiriza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, kukupangitsani kupanga zobiriwira za zoyambirira. Chosavuta n'chakuti chimawombera mosavuta, chomwe chimasokoneza kutuluka kwa kuwala;
- - fiberglass. Amakhala ndi maziko a fiberglass komanso kupanga utomoni. Pali kuthekera kwa kupanga makina opangidwa ndi fiberglass. Nkhaniyi ndi yamphamvu komanso yotsimikizika, koma yapangika mwamsanga.
Mukhoza kuyang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophimba zipangizo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mavidiyo awa:
Kodi mungaphimbe bwanji?
Kuti muzitha kuphimba mofulumira ndi wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kufufuza mosamala zinthu zomwe mwasankha ndikuziganizira panthawiyi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti awonetsetse bwino mphamvu za agrotechnical za zokutira komanso kuti asawononge izo panthawi yowonjezera.
Kuti mufulumire ndi kuchepetsa njirayi, muyenera kumvetsera mfundo izi:
- - isanamangidwe Konzani ndondomeko yowonjezera;
- - muyenera kupereka pasadakhale kupezeka kwa chuma ndi malire ena;
- - chimango cha wowonjezera kutentha chiyenera kukhala ndi katundu sungani kulemera kuphimba nkhani.
Popeza kuti zambiri zowonjezera kutentha zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mphamvu, m'pofunika kugwira nawo ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
Kuyika wowonjezera kutentha pa chiwembu chanu ndi manja anu ndi chochitika kwa alimi ali ndi luso lochepa pomanga. Kuti tipambane, ndi bwino kuti tiphunzire pasadakhale zambiri zokhudza ulimi wowonjezera kutentha.
