Derain woyera - zokongoletsa zokongola shrub, zomwe zimapereka maonekedwe okongola m'munda nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Amakongoletsa malowa ndi ambiri owala inflorescences, ndipo pambuyo maluwa chitsamba chimaphimbidwa ndi zoyera kapena zoyera buluu zipatso.
M'nyengo yophukira, masamba ake amatembenuka, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, nthambi zofiira zimawoneka zodabwitsa pa chipale chofewa. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mazenera m'deralo.
Zotsatira zofika
Zimakhulupirira kuti Deren - mbewu yosadzichepetsa. N'zosavuta kumubzala ndi kumusamalira, ndipo ngakhale woyang'anira minda amatha kusamalira.
Tsiku lofika
Nthawi zambiri ankakonda kubzala sod mu kugwa. Ndibwino kuti muchite zimenezi musanayambe nyengo yozizira, kuti chomera chikhale ndi nthawi yovuta ndikukhala mu nthaka yatsopano. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, mu masika mbewu zotere zimayamba kukula mofulumira, popeza zidadutsa kale nyengo yosinthira m'dzinja.
Komabe, mukhoza kudzala zitsamba ndi masika. Pankhaniyi, kumizidwa padziko lapansi ndi mtanda wa dziko pa mizu. Izi zidzapulumutsa mizu ku kuwonongeka ndikuthandizani chomera kukhala ndi mizu m'malo atsopano.
Ngakhale wamaluwa amalingalira: ziribe kanthu kuti sod anabzalidwa, masika kapena autumn sichikhudza chitukuko cha shrub.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Atagula kugula sod, ndikwanira kukaonana ndi sitolo yapadera kapena munda wamaluwa. Koma muyenera kusamala mukasankha kubzala zakuthupi, kuti mugule ndendende mtundu wa utoto woyera.
Mukudziwa? Derain amatanthauza banja la dogwood. Pali mitundu yambiri ya shrub, koma sikuti onse ali oyenera kukula mu nyengo yathu yotseguka. Derain woyera ndi shrub yaikulu yomwe ili ndi masamba ofiira ofiira kapena ofiira, ofiira, osinthasintha. Komanso ali ndi mayina: ofiira, oyera a cornel, white svidina.
Lero tikugulitsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sod. Mukhoza kupereka kukongola kodabwitsa kwa tchire ndi masamba osangalatsa, koma sitingathe kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati mukufuna kukhala osasamala osatha, tengani zoyera zokha, chifukwa ndi nyengo yozizira-yolimba.
Zina mwa mitundu yotchuka ndi yovomerezeka ya utoto woyera wotchedwa:
- Kuwala kokongola - yatsala masamba omwe ali ndi malire okongola, aang'ono ochepa kwambiri, nthambi zakuda zakuda.
- Derain mitundu yoyera ya Siberia - wawona masamba, nthambi zofiira, maluwa okoma, omwe amalowetsedwa ndi zipatso zoyera, masamba amakhala ofiira ndi autumn.
- Aurea - amadziwika ndi zipatso zoyera ndi masamba achikasu.
- Shpet - kirimu inflorescences amaloledwa ndi zipatso zoyera, m'nyengo yozizira nthambi zimakhala zofiira, masamba ndi ofiira obiriwira.
- Kesselring - amaonedwa kuti ndi yozizira kwambiri-wolimba. Kusiyana mdima wofiira nthambi, pabuka masamba ndi woyera zipatso.
Musanagule, yang'anani mosamala mbande iliyonse kuchokera muzu kuti mupite kukatenga chomera chabwino popanda matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo otsetsereka
Atasankha kudzala chomera ichi, m'pofunikira kusankha komwe mungameremo mwanayo. Amamera bwino mumthunzi komanso mumthunzi wachabechabe - sikofunika kwambiri kwa dzuwa.
Choncho, nthawi zambiri amakomedwa ndi mipanda, mipanda yopanda kanthu, mitengo ikuluikulu. Makamaka, chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba amtunda kumbuyo kwa mitengo ya coniferous kumawoneka okongola. Komabe, sikuli koyenera kutenga nawo mbali ndikumubzala mumthunzi wamphamvu - akhoza kutaya zotsatira zake zokongoletsera.
Mtundu wosakanikirana ndi nthaka. Ngati ili ndi acidity yachibadwa, zochokera m'nthaka ziribe kanthu. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mzindawu umakhala wolimba kwambiri mumtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali komanso wolemera kwambiri.
Koma ngati mukufuna masamba okongola ndi mphukira zowonjezereka, feteleza ovuta kapena fetus ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime musanadzalemo. Ndiyeneranso nthawi zonse kudyetsa. Chifukwa cha feteleza wamchere, mphukira zathanzi ndi masamba okongola amayamba kuthengo. Koma popanda zowonjezerapo shrub ndi zokongoletsera.
Derain amakonda kukhala m'madera ozizira: m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje. Tsono, pa webusaiti yanu, nanunso, sankhani malo pafupi ndi madzi kapena kumene madzi apansi ali pafupi. Pafupi ndi kofunika kudzala zomera zomwe zimakonda madzi okwanira ambiri. M'nyengo yozizira imathiridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Nthawi yonseyi, ulimi wothirira ungapewedwe.
Ndondomeko yowonetsera mbande
Kotero, mwasankha komwe mungabzalitse zitsamba. Momwe mungabzalitsire mbande zokometsera bwino?
- Dulani dzenje lomwe lidzakhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa dothi ladothi.
- Thirani mmenemo chisakanizo cha zakudya: mchere wothira mafuta, masamba padziko lapansi, humus. Kumalo amodzi, Derain akhoza kukula mpaka zaka 25, choncho ndikofunikira kuti azidyetsa poyamba, ndiyeno azidyetsa nthawi zonse.
- Chabwino musanadzalemo ayenera kuthiriridwa bwino, kuti zonse zomwe zili mkatizi zikhale zofanana.
- Musanadzalemo, mmera wokhawo uyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuyembekezera 10-15 mphindi kuti dothi lilowerere mu chinyezi.
- Kenaka amaikidwa mosamala mu dzenje, kuyesera kuvulaza mizu pang'ono.
- Tsopano dzenje likhoza kukonkhedwa ndi nthaka, rammed ndi mowolowa manja madzi okwanira.
Kutsegula koyera
Chisamaliro chimafunikira pang'ono kwambiri, koma ngati mukufuna kupeza chitsamba chokongola komanso chobiriwira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo oyambirira a kulima. Kuthamanga kofiira koyera kumadalira maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka
Ngati mumabzala nkhuni pamalo oyenera, ndiko kuti mumthunzi wochepa mumtunda wouma, ndiye kuti simukufuna madzi okwanira. M'chaka ndi m'dzinja ali ndi mpweya wokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwakukulu, ikhoza kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata kuti nthaka pansi pa chitsamba iume. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe mitsuko iwiri ya madzi yomwe imatsanulira pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse chachikulu.
Mtengo wachinyama umafuna nthawi yowamasula nthaka ndikuyambanso ndi peat kapena humus. Gwiritsani ntchito chips kapena makungwa a mitengo.
Feteleza ndi kuvala
Kudyetsa mkaka kwambiri sikumayenera. Monga tanena kale, amamva bwino pa nthaka iliyonse. Koma ngati mukufuna kupeza chitsamba chokongola, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse mudyetse ndi mchere wambiri feteleza kamodzi kasupe.
Izi zidzakhala zokwanira kuti mbeuyo idzayambiranso pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira ndi kupeza zonse zofunika kuti chitukuko chitheke. M'chilimwe, mungathe kudyetsa zina ndi kompositi kapena peat - pafupifupi 150 g pa chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa nyengo, zomera zimakhala ndi mapiri awiri. Yoyamba ili mu Meyi - June, ndi yachiwiri - August - September. Pa maluwa shrub ophimbidwa ndi corymbose inflorescences kirimu kapena zoyera. Kusiyanitsa inflorescences kungathenso kuonekera nthawi yapakatikati.
Kukonza ndi kudula tchire
Mitundu yamtundu wina kwa nyengo imatha kutambasula ndi 50-60 cm, zomwe siziwoneka zokongola. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula ndi kuchepetsa zoyera. Kudulira kumapeto kwa kasupe, kuchotsa mphukira zakale, kuti zisasokoneze achinyamata. Ndibwino kuti tichoke nthawi yomweyo 15-20 masentimita kuthawa pamwamba pa nthaka.
Musaiwale kukonza kudula ndi phulusa kapena kuponderezedwa, kuti matenda asalowe mmunda ndipo machiritso amachitika mofulumira. Ena wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kudulira sod mu kugwa kuti asokoneze shrub m'chaka.
Koma chomeracho chimasungidwa m'munda kwa nthambi zokongola zomwe zimakongoletsa munda m'nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo pa kudulira kwa autumn sipadzakhalanso kanthu kokondweretsa diso.
Pogwiritsa ntchito tsitsi, ndiye kuti nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu zimakhala zochepa, ndipo nthawi yotsiriza imachepetsedwa kumapeto kwa July. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, shrub imakula kwambiri, koma imakula movutikira. Ngati mukufuna aesthetics m'munda, mukhoza kuupanga mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Kukonzekera achinyamata woyera turf mbande m'nyengo yozizira
Ngati nyemba yoyera ikukula pa webusaiti yanu, simudzasowa njira iliyonse yapadera yokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimapirira chisanu. Ngati mukuyembekeza nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kuphimba pang'ono mizu ndi zinthu zilizonse zogona. Kwa nthawi yonse, ndikwanira kunyamula mtsuko wa chisanu kuzungulira iwo.
Ngati kulima nkhuni kumachitika nyengo yovuta kwambiri kapena mutha kulima zomera zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzizira, zimalimbikitsa kuchotsa mphukira m'nyengo yozizira. Pochita izi, amafukula mosamala, amaviikidwa m'chipinda chapansi ndikusungirako kumeneko mpaka kumayambiriro kasupe. Atangotentha, mbande zimabwerera kumalo awo akale.
Mukudziwa? Derain mu liwu la Chilatini ali ndi dzina lakuti Cornus, lomwe limatanthauza "nyanga". Dzina siliti mwachangu, chifukwa nkhuni zake zolemera ndi zowonjezereka zikufanana kwambiri ndi nyanga yochuluka.
Njira zobadwira zoyera
Pali njira zingapo zopangira nyemba zoyera. Mbewu ziwiri ndi cuttings ndizoyenera kubzala, koma mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Cuttings
Cuttings, ndiko kuti, mphukira zazing'ono, zingachotsedwe chaka chilichonse. Koma palibe nthambi iliyonse yomwe ingadulidwe kuchokera pamenepo idzakhala yabwino yosodza. Kwa ichi mmodzi ayenera kusankha kuti awombere ndi masamba 7-9 amphamvu ndi abwino. Funso lina lofunika: pamene kudula yoyera yoyera. Nthaŵi yabwino ya izi imatengedwa kuti ndi yotentha ndi yophukira.
Kudula mu kasupe kasupe kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala oyamba kuthandizidwa ndi ofooka njira ya succinic acid, zomwe zidzasintha mkhalidwe wawo wamakono ndi chitukuko mtsogolomu. Iwo amaikidwa mu chidebe cha zakudya ndipo amaikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuyang'ana chitukuko cha cuttings: masamba onse pa iwo ayenera kutseguka ndi kupereka masamba atsopano. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, cuttings nthawi zonse madzi ndi kudyetsedwa ndi mchere complexes kapena organic feteleza. Pa kugwa, mbande zathanzi ndi mizu yolimba ziyenera kukula kuchokera ku cuttings.
Zochepa Angachotsedwe ku chitsamba m'nyengo yachisanu, kudula iwo ku mizu. Izi zachitika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa kwathunthu kapena chopanda mbali yake.
Kenako sankhani rhizome, yomwe inapanga achinyamata mphukira - zakale kuswana si abwino. Nthendayi imatulutsidwa kuchokera pansi ndikudula gawo lofunidwa ndi chida chowongolera.
Mbewu zogawanika zimayikidwa muzitsime zokonzedweratu, zikumba pamtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera pamzake. Mmodzi mwa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zosakaniza ndi feteleza zokhazokha zomwe zingathandize zomera kumera m'malo atsopano, kuonjezera zimayambira zatsopano ndi mizu.
Ngati mphukira zoyenera zasankhidwa, chomeracho chidzakhazikika ndikukhazikika mwamsanga.
Kuyika
Popeza chitsambacho chili ndi korona wowonongeka, yomwe nthambi zake zimangowonongeka mosavuta, zimatha kufalitsidwa ndi kuika. Ngakhale kuti iwowo ndi okhawo amagawana chitsamba sichikhoza.
Zigawo zimawoneka masika, pamene nthambi yayitali yaying'ono imasankhidwa, imagwa pansi ndikudzigulira. Popeza iye mwiniyo sangagwire pansi, ndi bwino kuti mukonzeke ndi mabakiteriya a zitsulo.
Malo omwe nthambi inali prikopana, imakhala yochuluka, yomwe ingalole kuti tiike patsogolo kwambiri zakudya zambiri m'thupi. Zonse m'chilimwe ayenera kuthiriridwa ndipo nthawi zonse amadyetsedwa.
M'chaka kapena kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, padzakhala mizu yokwanira pa nthambi kuti ikhale moyo wodziimira. Ziyenera kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsamba cha makolo ndikuziika pamalo abwino. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yophweka, siigwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri ndi wamaluwa.
Mbewu
Pambuyo maluwa, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mipira yoyera kapena yofiira imapangidwira m'malo a maluwa. M'nthawi ya chilimwe dzuwa limapsa mbewu ndipo zimayenera kukolola kokha kugwa. Pa ichi muyenera kusonkhanitsa mipira, kuchotsani mbewu ndi kuuma.
Ubwino ndi kumera kwa mbewu kumadalira chisamaliro choyenera cha chitsamba m'nyengo yachilimwe. Ngati sakadwala kanthu kali konse, sanamenyedwe ndi tizirombo, amamwe madzi ndi kudyetsa m'kupita kwa nthawi, amatha kukhala ndi 100%.
Kufesa kwa nkhumba zomwe zimatseguka pansi kumapangidwe mu kugwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, pafupifupi mu October. Panthawi ino, mpweya siwotha, ndipo nthaka imakhala yozizira nthawi zonse usiku. Mkhalidwe woterewu umathandiza kuumitsa mbewu kumapeto. Ngati mwasankha kubzala m'chaka, choyamba muwasungire kutentha pansi pa 5 ° C.
Derain woyera mumapanga
Mtundu woyera umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta kuti azikongoletsera minda ndi zofuna zawo. Zikuwoneka bwino pamtunda, ngati khoma, kuphatikizapo tchire kapena maluwa ozungulira. Kubzala nkhumba m'munda ngati chomera chokongola, kumbukirani kuti zipatso zake zimakopeka ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana.
Kukana kwa tizirombo ndi matenda
Chitsamba chokula msinkhu chikulimbana ndi matenda ambiri. Izi zimakonda kukula deren. Koma pamene akukula, mphukira zazing'ono zingawonekere. powdery mildew - Matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza pafupi zomera zonse za m'munda.
Nthawi ya matenda ndi masika. Panthawiyi, spores zomwe zimakhala m'munsi mwa mbeu zimachokera ku zinyama zapangidwe pansi. Powdery mildew imayamba kufalikira kuchokera m'munsi mwa masamba a mphukira, pang'onopang'ono kufika pamwamba pake.
Masambawa amadzala ndi maluwa obiriwira, omwe pamapeto pake madzi amawoneka, ndipo mipira yofiira imayamba kumera pa nthambi. Nkhumba imadzidyetsa pazomera za zomera, motero patapita nthawi imatha kufalikira, imafa, imalira ndi kufa.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wa powdery mildew ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali youma ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni feteleza. Kudulira pazu kumachepetsanso chomera, kuti chikhale chovuta ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
Choncho, kuteteza powdery mildew, ayenera kubzalidwa tchire kutali kwambiri kwa wina ndi mnzake, kuti mizu izikhala ndi chitukuko. Mu kasupe ndi autumn, mizu ndi pang'ono thinned.
Pothirira madzi, madzi amathiridwa pansi pazitsulo kuti madzi asagwe pa zomera zokha. M'dzinja, kuchokera ku bedi la bedi, m'pofunika kuchotsa zitsamba zonse za masamba ndi udzu kuti bowa zisagwiritse ntchito m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zikupezeka, nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwazi ziyenera kudulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Chitsamba chiyenera kukhala sprayed ndi mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena decoction. Mwachitsanzo, sopo yankho la soda phulusa kapena decoction ya horsetail.
Njira yabwino ndi kuwaza ndi decoction wa adyo. Kuti tichite izi, supuni zitatu za mano opunduka zimabweretsedwa mu chidebe cha madzi, utakhazikika ndipo chomeracho chimapulidwa ndi decoction.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizowopsa. Chofala kwambiri chitetezo chofanana ndi choyimira. Tizilomboti timakonda kuyika masamba a zomera. Mkaziyo ali ndi miyeso mpaka 1.5 mm, ndipo wamwamuna - 0.5 mm. Mkazi amaphimbidwa ndi chishango, omwe mazira amawasunga m'nyengo yozizira pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya tchire.
Pa kutentha pansipa -30 ° C mazira amafa. Ngati safa, ndiye kuti mwezi wa April mphutsi zimayamba kutuluka, zomwe zimadzigwirizanitsa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi masamba, odzaza ndi ulusi woyera.
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, zimatulukamo akazi, omwe amatha kudula chitsamba chonse mwezi umodzi, ndikuwonjezeka maulendo awiri. Atayika mazira pansi pa chipolopolo, amafa. Kwa mazira a manyowa, amuna amafunikira, omwe amabadwa kawirikawiri, ndipo mazira okha amakhala chakudya cha nkhupakupa, nsikidzi, ndi akangaude.
Chotsani kuchokera ku tizilombo mungathe, pokhala ndi tchire ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Decis, Kinmiks, Karbofos) panthawi yomwe imachokera pansi pa ziphuphu za mphutsi.
Chinthu china chofala kwambiri cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi aphid. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa masamba, maluwa, nthawi zina pa zimayambira. Lili ndi thupi lokhala ndi maola mpaka 2mm, miyendo yaitali komanso nthawi zina mapiko.
Pambuyo pa umuna, akazi amakhala ndi mphutsi 150, ndipo amatha kuchita izi kangapo. Kawirikawiri nsabwe za m'masamba "zimadyetsa" nyerere, zimachotsa mmenemo madzi okoma, omwe aphid amapanga, kumadya chomeracho. Kuyambira nsabwe za m'masamba imathandiza kupopera mankhwala a sopo wofiirira, celandine, adyo, singano, fodya kapena anyezi.
Ngakhale tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi matenda angagonjetse Deren, kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa chitsamba sikupezeka kawirikawiri. Kawirikawiri, zoyamba zoyamba zochitika mwadzidzidzi zimabweretsa zotsatira, ndipo ndi kupewa koyenera, ntchito zawo sizidzafunikanso nkomwe. Kawirikawiri, kobiri yoyera ndi chomera chachikulu pamunda, chomwe chili choyenera ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sangathe kupereka nthawi yambiri yosamalira malo.
