Mitundu mitengo ya cypress amasiyana kwambiri pakati pawo - ngakhale asayansi sangathe kuwerenga chiwerengero chawo molondola, amawatcha nambala kuyambira 12 mpaka 25 ndikutsogolera mkangano woopsa: banja kapena mtundu wotenga izi kapena mitundu. Komabe, mitundu yonse ya mitengo ya cypress kuyambira kale imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu.
Chomera ichi chimakonda chikondi cha munthu, chifukwa cha:
- mitengo yofewa ndi yofewa yokhala ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali (mankhwala a cypress angathe kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri);
- fungicidal (bowa ndi tizilombo tina timapewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
- fungo lokoma (zonunkhira zinali zopangidwa kuchokera ku phula);
- makhalidwe othandiza;
- kukongola ndi kukongoletsa.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la chomeracho linachokera ku nthano zakale zachi Greek. Nthano imanena za Cypress - mwana wamwamuna wachifumu wa pachilumba cha Keos, yemwe, atapha mwangozi wopereka wake wopatulika pamene ankasaka, sanafune kukhala ndi moyo. Kuti amupulumutse ku imfa, Apollo anamutembenuza mnyamatayo kukhala mtengo wokongola - cypress.
Mphepete ya munda: kufotokoza kwakukulu
Mphepete (Cupressus) - Mitengo yowonjezera yotchedwa green conifers, yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri m'madera otentha komanso m'madera otentha. Chitsamba chokhalapo nthawi yaitali (mitengo ina ya cypress ndi zaka zikwi zingapo) siimakula mofulumira. Amatha kukula pafupifupi zaka 100.
Kutalika kwa mapiritsi kumaphatikizapo: kumunda kumafika pa 1.5-2m, msewu wamphepete mwa msewu ukhoza kukula kufika 30-40 mamita. Ambiri a cypresses ali ndi thunthu lolunjika, pyramidal kapena kolonovidnoy korona (chigoba nthambi zimakula mmwamba, pafupi ndi thunthu). Zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zosavuta ndizozosavuta monga kufalitsa tchire.
Makungwa a munda wa cypress woonda, amatha kupota ndi mikwingwirima yaitali. Pigmentation imadalira zaka, pansalu yofiira - yofiira, pa zaka za zaka zofiirira kwambiri.
Nthambizi zili mu ndege zosiyana, nthambi zambiri, mphukira ndi zofewa ndi zoonda. Masamba (singano) ndi ang'onoting'ono, a scaly (acicular mu zomera zosachepera zaka 4), atakakamizidwa ku nthambi, ndi matope pambali. Ambiri mwa tsambali amatsatira nthambi. Pigmentation ndi mdima wobiriwira (komabe, obereketsa apanga mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - buluu, chikasu, siliva).
Kupopera - gymnosperms. Mbewu imapserera m'magulu ozungulira omwe amakhala ndi mitsempha ya chithokomiro.
Kukongoletsa cypress kumawonjezeka ndi zaka.
Mukudziwa? Cypress imayeretsa mlengalenga, imatenga zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, zimapangitsa mpweya wochuluka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi phytoncidal.
Mukamabzala cypress pamalo otseguka, mawonekedwe ake amafunika kuganiziridwa. Kwa gulu la pakati, Arizona, mitundu yamba (yobiriwira) ndi mitundu ya Mexican ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Arizona Cypress
Cypress Arizona (C. arizonica) imakula m'tchire ku North America (kuchokera ku Arizona kupita ku Mexico), imakonda mapiri otsetsereka (pamtunda wa mamita 1300 mpaka 2400). Ku Ulaya, kuswana kwake kwa zokongoletsera (zokongola za mapaki, minda, kulenga mipanda) zinayamba mu 1882.
Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kumafika mamita 21. Ikhoza kukhala zaka 500. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa makungwa umadalira zaka za zomera ndi mphukira zake: imvi pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi zofiira kwambiri. Zosowa - bluish-green shades. Mbali ina ya Arizona cypress - matabwa.
Mosiyana ndi ena oimira a mtundu uwu, matabwa ake ndi olemetsa komanso ovuta, ngati a mtedza. Mbalame yaing'ono imakhala yofiira mu mtundu wofiira, pambuyo pa kusasitsa kukhala ndi mtundu wabuluu.
Chomeracho chimakonda nyengo yozizira ya chisanu (ngakhale imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka 25 ° C) ndi nyengo youma (kulekerera kwa chilala). Kukula mofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Dzuwa lokha likhoza kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika (izi zimakhudza maonekedwe a chomera). Zaka 3 zoyambirira za mbande za Arizona za cypress ziyenera kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito makinawa pamtunda, abereketsako adatulutsa mitundu yatsopano:
- Ashersonian - cypress yochepa;
- Yogwirizana - shrub ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa buluu wa singano;
- Konica - amasiyana ndi korona wofiira, yosalala (sizimalekerera);
- Pyramidalis - ndi singano za buluu ndi korona wonyezimira.
Cypress Mexican
Cypress ya Mexico (Сupressus lusitanica Mill) m'chilengedwe ingapezeke ku Central America. Choyamba chinalongosoledwa ndi Chipwitikizi mu 1600. Chimalekanitsidwa ndi korona wa piramidi yapamwamba, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 30-40 mamita. Zimakula pa nthaka yosalala ya miyala yamchere. Zisoti zimakhala zovunda, zozungulira pambali yoyenera, mtundu wobiriwira. Mitsuko ndi yaying'ono (1.5 masentimita), greenish-buluu (yosapsa) ndi bulauni (okhwima). Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Bentam - Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthambi zimakula mu ndege imodzi, zimapanga korona wamphumphu, zisoti zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bluish;
- Glauka - Chidwi cha mtundu wa buluu wa singano ndi nthambi zomwe zimakula mu ndege yomweyo. Mitsempha imaphimbidwa ndi mtundu wa bluu;
- Tristis (zomvetsa chisoni) - ali ndi kolonovidnuy korona, mphukira amatsogolera pansi;
- Lindley - ndi masamba akuluakulu ndi nthambi za mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo yokongoletsera ya cypress ya Mexico - osati yopanda chisanu komanso kulekerera chilala.
Cypress yobiriwira pyramidal
Cypress (sempervirens) kapena Italian cypress ndi Yemwe ndi Yemwe akuimira mitengo ya cypress (Kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean akuonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwirako). Mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe, mawonekedwe ake osakanizidwa amafalikira (omwe amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mphukira yayitali ndi yopingasa) - ku France, Spain, Italy, Greece, North Africa. Korona wonga Colon ndi zotsatira za chisankho (kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe kunayamba mu 1778).
Zitha kukula kufika mamita 34 (monga lamulo, ndi zaka 100). Amakula pa dothi losauka kumapiri ndi mapiri. Ali ndi chisanu chotsutsa (mpaka -20 ° C), chokhazikika.
Zingwe zofanana ndi singano ndizochepa, zobiriwira zakuda. Mbalame ya bulauni imakula pamagulu ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kwa mpikisano wa ku Italy kumadalira zaka - wamng'ono, mofulumira. Kutalika kwazitali kudzafike pamene cypress ili ndi zaka 100.
Chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa oweta njinga yamagetsi sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kukongoletsa paki, malo kapena malo, komanso munda ndi munda. Kuchokera ku zokongoletsera mitundu yobiriwira ya cypress kwambiri ndi:
- Fasciata Forluselu, Montros (chidutswa);
- Indica (korona wamba);
- Mzere wamtengo wapatali (pyramidal korona).
Mukudziwa? Cypress imagwirizanitsa kusagwirizana. Muzinthu zina zachipembedzo, izo zimakhala ngati chizindikiro cha imfa ndi chisoni (Aigupto akale ankagwiritsa ntchito makina a cypress kuti aike mtembo, matabwa a sarcophagi, Agiriki akale ankawona kuti ndi chizindikiro cha mulungu wa kudziko lapansi - iwo anabzala mipira pamanda ndi kumanga nthambi za cypress m'nyumba za akufa). Kwa ena, ndi chizindikiro cha kubweranso ndi kusafa (mu Zoroastrianism ndi Chihindu, cypress ndi mtengo wopatulika, pakati pa Arabu ndi Chitchaina ndi mtengo wa moyo, wotetezedwa ku zovulaza).
Banja la cypress ndi lalikulu. Kawirikawiri, zomera za cypress zimaphatikizapo zomera ngati cypress, mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polima ndi kumunda wamaluwa, kuphatikizapo njinga yamkati. Izi siziri zoona. Mitengo iwiriyi ndi ya a cypress, koma imakhala m'gulu lina, Chamaecyparis (cypress) ndi Taxodium distichum (cypress cypress).
Mphepo yamphepete
Mphepete yamapiri, Taxiodium (Taxodium distichum) kapena wamba, imachokera ku madera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa North America (Florida, Louisiana, ndi zina zotero) - apa mungapeze chomera ichi kuthengo. Mitundu ya chikhalidwe yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi (ku Ulaya, kale idadziwika kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 17). Dzina lakuti "Taxiodium mzere wawiri" limatanthauza kufanana ndi yew ndi malo a masamba.
Mmera ndi wokwera mamita 36, mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi thumba lalikulu (la mamita 3 mpaka 12), ndi zitsulo zosakhwima zam'madzi, zomwe zimatayika m'nyengo yozizira, komanso mdima wakuda wofiira (10-15 cm). Mitsinje imakhala ngati cypress, koma yofooka kwambiri. Mbali yapadera ya teksiamu ya mzere wachiwiri ndi mzere wozungulira kapena wotsekemera wa botolo - nyamakazi ("kunyamula mpweya"). Izi ndizo zotchedwa. Mizu yopuma yopitirira yomwe imakula pamwamba pa nthaka pamtunda wa mamita 1 mpaka 2.
Mafupa amatha kukhala osakwatira, koma akhoza kukula palimodzi ndikupanga makoma makumi mamita. Chifukwa cha mizu imeneyi, mitengo imatha kukhala ndi madzi osefukira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya taxiodium yotchedwa rowedo imatchedwa "mtengo wamuyaya". Ndiwopepuka kwambiri, sizimagonjetsa, ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yofiira, yachikasu, yoyera, etc.). Phalasitiki ndi satini pamwamba pa "satin wabodza", nsomba zoyendetsa, ndi zophimba zokongoletsa zimapangidwa ndi nkhuni. USA ikugulitsa nkhuni ku Ulaya.
Chisankho choyenera cha munda wa cypress sayenera kuganizira mitundu ndi mitundu yofunikirako, koma, choyamba, zomwe zimapangitsa cypress kukula. Muzochitika zonse, mtengo waukulu sudzasangalala nokha, komanso ana, zidzukulu ndi zidzukulu za banja lanu.
