Peyala - zipatso zokoma kwambiri ndi zathanzi, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati mwachilengedwe kapena mawonekedwe a jams, jams, marmalades, zipatso zowonongeka, etc., komanso monga chogwiritsira ntchito chomwe chimapereka kukoma kwatsopano kwa mchere komanso saladi, soups ndi mbale zazikulu kuchokera nyama ndi nsomba.
Mitundu ina ya mapeyala ikhoza kusungidwa bwino mpaka kuzizizira, koma funso la momwe mungakololere mapeyala m'nyengo yozizira ndilofunikira kwa amayi ambiri.
Kodi mapeyala owuma amathandiza bwanji?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapeyala monga zipatso zouma kumakuthandizani kuti muzisunga mavitamini akuluakulu, komanso pectin ndi mchere kuti mapeyala ali ndi - iron, zinc, ayodini, potassium, calcium, mkuwa, carotene, ndi zina.
Mapeyala owuma amapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito, amathandizanso m'mapapu, chiwindi ndi impso. Mapindu a peyala owuma amasonyezanso kuti amatha kuthetsa dongosolo la mitsempha, kuchepetsanso zotsatira za kupanikizika ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kukhululukidwa ndi kusintha moyo wabwino.
Zipatso zoumazi zimachotsa poizoni m'thupi, chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimfine. Compote ya mapeyala wouma amakhala ndi diuretic, antiseptic komanso analgesic properties.
Mapeyala owuma ndi a mtundu wosadziwika wa zipatso zouma zomwe sizotsutsana ndi chiwopsezo.
Mukudziwa? Peyala - zonse zatsopano ndi zouma - ndizomwe zimapanga zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti zithetse kulemera kwake. Chipatso ichi chimangokhala ndi shuga pang'ono, komanso amatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi a anthu, choncho, peyala zouma ndizokonda kwambiri anthu omwe akudwala matenda a shuga.
Mfundo yakuti peyala youma imatchedwa kuti mfumukazi pakati pa zipatso zidzayamikiridwa ndi amuna, popeza mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa prostatitis kuyambira kale.
Mkazi wabwino m'nyengo yozizira amawonjezera mwamuna wake tiyi, makamaka ngati ali ndi makumi anayi, magawo a mapeyala owuma kuti asatenge matenda osasangalatsa, ndipo chiwerengero cha Chiyukireniya chopanda peyala chowuma sichingathe kulingalira konse.
Momwe mungakhalire mapeyala m'nyengo yozizira
Ndibwino kuti kuyanika sikunakwanire, koma osati mapeyala obiriwira a kukula kwake. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya chilimwe.
Mapeyala owuma monga "Bergamot", "Forest Beauty", "Wokometsera" ndi abwino. Ndikofunika kuti peyala ikhale yambiri, koma osati yowuma.
Ndikofunikira! Chipatso chokwanira kwambiri sichiyenera kuyanika. Komabe, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pambali zina - compotes, kupanikizana, kapena jams.
Kuyanika mapeyala kunyumba kungathe kuchitidwa m'njira ziwiri - popanda kapena asanayambe kutentha.
Pachiyambi choyamba, chipatsocho sichita mdima mwachindunji panthawi ya kuyanika, koma chachiŵiri chimakupatsani kusunga mavitamini ndi zakudya zina zomaliza.
Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yosankhidwira, mapeyala anakhetsedwa pamtengo osaposa masiku awiri apitawo ayenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi.
Ngati njira yodzitetezera imasankhidwa, mapeyala amathiridwa mumadzi otentha kwa mphindi zingapo (malingana ndi kukoma kwa mapeyala, mukhoza kuwonjezera shuga kapena citric asidi m'madzi).
Mitengoyi ikangokhala yofewa, imaponyedwa mu colander, imatha kukhetsa, ndipo mapeyala amauma.
Zochita zina ndi zofanana pa njira zonse ziwiri. Mapeyala amatsukidwa kuchokera pachimake ndi kudula mu mbale kapena magawo pafupifupi centimita wandiweyani. Ngati peyala ndi yaing'ono, simungathe kudula.
Ntchito yokonzekera yatha, pitani ku ndondomeko ya kuyanika.
Mapeyala akhoza kuuma mwachilengedwe - panja, pakhomo, pamtunda, etc., kapena muyeso yowonongeka - mu uvuni, wouma magetsi, grill kapena microwave. Njira iliyonseyi ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.
Kuyanika mapeyala pa dzuwa
Iyi ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo komanso yowonjezereka yowuma. Komabe, kumafuna nthawi yambiri ndi malo - malo abwino kwambiri. Ndibwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi nyumba, nyumba yapakhomo kapena malo osungira dzuwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nkofunikanso kuganizira nyengo: ngati chipatso chafalikira kunja, sayenera kuthira mvula mwadzidzidzi - pazizindikiro zoyamba za mvula, mapeyala ayenera kusunthidwa mwamsanga pansi pa denga, mwinamwake njira yonseyo ingaganizidwe ngati ikulephera.
Mitengo yowonongeka bwinoyi imayikidwa bwino pamtambo wapamwamba ndi yowutsa mudyo. Kuchokera kumwamba, chipatsocho chiyenera kumangidwa ndi gauze kuti chiteteze ku tizilombo (poyanika pa khonde lotsekedwa, izi siziyenera kuchitidwa) ndikupita masiku angapo.
Ndondomeko yowuma ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse; ngati kuli kotheka, zidutswa za chipatso ziyenera kutembenuzidwira ngakhale kuyanika. Malinga ndi kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa dzuwa, kuyanika kungatenge masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri, kenako chipatsocho chichotsedwa kuunika pamalo othuthuka kwambiri ndikusiya masiku ena awiri.
Peyala yowuma bwino sayenera kuphwa ndi kuswa. Ambiri mwa chinyezi amachokera ku chipatso, koma zidutswa ziyenera kukhala zofewa komanso zowonjezera.
Kuyanika mapeyala mu uvuni
Mapeyala ouma akhoza kuphikidwa mwamsanga mu uvuni. Njira yonse idzatenga maola 12-14.
Zophikidwa mapeyala ziyenera kufalikira pa pepala lophika kuti zisagwirane, ndipo ziyikidwa mu uvuni zitenthedwa mpaka madigiri 50-55. Ndi bwino kuchoka pakhomo mu ng'anjo ya ovar kuti mapeyala akhale okwanira mpweya wabwino.
Ndondomekoyi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndikusintha kutentha malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha chipatsocho.
Pakatikatikati mwa ndondomekoyi, pamene mapeyala ayamba kale, koma osakonzedwe bwino, mukhoza kuwonjezera kutentha pang'ono kuti muthamangitse ndondomekoyi, koma muyenera kumaliza kuyanika pang'onopang'ono kutentha.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mapeyala mu ng'anjo amayamba kuundana - izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha ndi kotsika kwambiri, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuzizira ndi kutembenuza zidutswa mbali inayo!
Pambuyo pa kuyanika kwathunthu (izo zimatsimikiziridwa mofanana ndi nthawi yowumitsa dzuwa) ng'anjo imachotsedwa, mapeyala amachotsedwa ndipo amasiyidwa kuti aziuma kwa masiku awiri kutentha, kenaka amaikidwa pazitini zoyera kapena mapepala apamwamba kuti azisungidwa pamalo omwe amatetezedwa ku chinyezi mpaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuyanika mu uvuni sikuli koyenera zipatso zonse, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi yambiri - nthawi zina kuposa tsiku.
Kuyanika mapeyala mu kuyaka kwa magetsi
Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zipatso zouma. Chokhacho chimakhala chofunikira kugula chodyerapo chowombetsa cha magetsi ndipo amathera ndalama zambiri kuti amalipire magetsi.
Kukonzekera zipatso zidutswa zimayikidwa pa thiresi yamagetsi yowonjezera magetsi ndi zouma pa kutentha kwa madigiri 70 ndi nthawi zina kuyambitsa. Kuyanika mapeyala mu zowuma zamagetsi kumatenga maola 15-20, malingana ndi mtundu wa peyala ndi kukula kwa zidutswazo.
Mofanana ndi kuyanika mu uvuni, mapeyala sayenera kutayidwa osasamala kuti asawume - magawo akhoza kutembenuza bulauni, koma sayenera kuundana kwambiri ndikuyamba kusiya.
Kuyanika mapeyala mu microwave
Mukhoza kuuma mapeyala mwamsanga mu microweve - mu mphindi pang'ono chabe. Aikidwa pa mbale yopalasa, zidutswa zimayikidwa mu uvuni. Njira imadalira zipangizo zam'mwamba.
Ngati ng'anjo ili ndi mphamvu, ndi bwino kuika njira yofooka, yopanda mphamvu yochepa - yofiira imodzi. Kugwiritsira ntchito mlingo wapatali sikufupikitsa nthawi yowuma, koma kungotentha chipatsocho.
Pambuyo pa mphindi 2-3, peyala iyenera kukhala yokonzeka, koma ngati muwona kuti zidutswazo zidakonzedwa kwambiri, muyenera kuyambiranso uvuni kwa theka la miniti ndikuwonanso zotsatirazo.
Mukhozanso kuumitsa mapeyala mu microwave pogwiritsira ntchito "defrost". Izi ndizowonongeka kwambiri, zimakulolani kutambasula ndondomeko kwa mphindi 30 ndipo simukusowa kufufuza mosamala kachitidwe.
Komabe, akadakalipo 2-3 nthawi yabwino kuti ayang'ane mapeyala okonzekera kuti asatengeke.
Momwe mungasunge mapeyala owuma
Kuti peyala ikhale yosungirako zinthu zonse, ndizofunika kuti muume bwino, komanso kuti muzisunga bwino.
Zipatso zowuma zimasungidwa mu mawonekedwe osindikizidwa kuti asapeze chinyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, zotengera zamatini kapena magalasi okhala ndi zida zolimba ndizoyenera, komanso matumba apulasitiki apadera omwe ali ndi fasteners.
Ngati mulibe cellar, muyenera kuyesa kupeza malo ozizira a mapeyala owuma. Ngati n'kotheka, ayenera kusungunuka ndi zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndi zinthu zina zonunkhira, chifukwa kuyanika kumatha kutentha.
Zipatso zouma ziyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zikhale ndi kukula kwa fungal. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za nkhungu ndi lamulo lachindunji kuti tipewe mankhwala popanda kudandaula.
Pansi pa zochitika zonse, mapeyala wouma akhoza kusungidwa mpaka kasupe lotsatira.
Zophimba mapeyala
Zipatso zokhala ndi zakudya zocheperapo kusiyana ndi zipatso zouma, komabe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuposa maswiti ena.
Mofanana ndi mapeyala owuma, zipatso zochokera ku chipatso ichi zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri ndipo zimateteza mavitamini, mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Malinga ndi njira yokonzekera, zipatso zowonongeka ndi zipatso zomwe zimaphika mu madzi ozizira omwe amawunikira.
Mapeyala, osati - okhwima, osambitsidwa, kutsukidwa kuchokera pachimake ndi kudula mu magawo akuluakulu, oviika mu shuga shuga (kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyenera kufanana ndi kulemera kwa mapeyala odulidwa) ndi kuphika pang'onopang'ono mpaka madzi atuluka kwathunthu.
Mapeyala okonzeka amapangidwa pa zikopa, owazidwa ndi shuga ndi zouma padzuwa kapena mu uvuni popanda kutentha pang'ono.
Sungani zosowa zowonjezera komanso zipatso zouma.
Chophika chophika mapeyala
Kuyanika, monga kuyanika, kumaphatikizapo kupatukana kwa zamkati kuchokera ku madzi pamene kutuluka kwa mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kutsika kwapafupi. Mulimonse kuyanika - Uwu ndi mtundu wa kuzizira.
Peyala ya kuyanika imasankhidwa ndikusinthidwa mofanana ndi kuyanika, koma magawo angakhale ochepa kwambiri.
Zipangizo zokonzedweratu zimayikidwa mu mbale ya enamel yomwe ili ndi shuga (mu chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi shuga limodzi ndi magawo atatu mapeyala). Mu mawonekedwe awa, peyala iyenera kusiya kwa masiku 2.5 kutentha.
Mapeyalawa amaponyedwa mmalo mwa colander, kuti madziwo athamangidwe ndi madzi, kenaka amafalitsa 50 peresenti ya madzi shuga (0,7 ml wa madzi pa 1 makilogalamu a mapeyala), oyambitsa ndi kuchotsedwa kutentha popanda kuphimba ndi chivindikiro. Pambuyo pa mphindi 8-10, mapeyala amatayidwa kachiwiri ndipo amaloledwa kukhetsa kwa ola limodzi.
Kenaka zipatsozo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi mwachisawawa ndipo zimachoka kwa mphindi imodzi pamalo opuma mpweya wabwino (monga peyala iuma, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza) kapena, kuti muthamangitse ndondomekoyi, ikani mu uvuni yotentha kwa 60 ° C kwa mphindi 40, pambuyo pake Koperani ndi kubwereza ndondomeko kachiwiri, nthawi zina katatu. Mukhozanso kupachika peyala mu magetsi oyendetsa magetsi.
Mapeyala owuma ayenera kukhala wochuluka komanso omveka.
Momwe mungayankhire mapeyala m'nyengo yozizira
Peyala yozizira ndi njira yabwino yosunga zakudya zonse, komanso kupeza mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pophika komanso mapeyala atsopano.
Pamaso pa kuzizira mapeyala, yambani ndikupukuta bwinobwino ndi pepala lamapepala.
Mukudziwa? Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini mu peyala yoyenerera ndi yofanana, ngati chipatsocho chinali chozizira pa kutentha kosapitirira -16 ° С, ndipo amasungidwa kutentha kosapitirira -8 ° С. N'zosatheka kufutukula mapeyala a thawed kachiwiri!
Miphika yabwino yofiira ikhoza kusungidwa kwa chaka.
Zowonjezera magawo kapena magawo
Mapeyala amathyoledwa, kudula mu magawo kapena zidutswa za kukula kwake. Kuti peyala isadetse, mukhoza kuwaza ndi mandimu.
Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansalu yowonongeka ndi filimu kapena zojambulazo ndipo amaikidwa mufiriji kwa tsiku.
Pambuyo pa kuzizira kwathunthu, mapeyalawa amaikidwa mu matumba apulasitiki omwe amapangidwa (omwe muyenera kumasula mpweya ndi kumangiriza mwamphamvu) kapena muli ndi zitsulo ndikuyika mufiriji kuti musungidwe.
Mapeyala mu shuga
Teknoloji yokonzekera ndi yofanana ndi njira yapitayi, koma asanamange mapeyala kuti afungitse chidutswa chilichonse chaikidwa mu shuga.
Peyala mu madzi
Mapeyala amasungunulidwa, amawongolera ndi kudula m'kati. Zidutswazo zimayikidwa mu madzi a shuga (pamtingo wa 1 chikho shuga pa 0,5 l madzi) kwa mphindi zitatu, kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito katswiri, wokonzedwa mu pulasitiki wokonzedwa kapena magalasi omwe amadzaza ndi madzi (ziyenera kuphimba mapeyala).
Popanda kutseka chidebe, lolani kuti zinthuzo zizizira bwino, kenako zitsekedwa komanso zisungidwe. Zipatso zokonzedwa motere zimasungidwa bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa masika.
