M'nyengo yozizira, zilembo zachikondi zimatha kupanga chikondwerero mu chipinda. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, mukhoza kukwaniritsa maluwa awo panthawi yake, mwachitsanzo, pa Chaka chatsopano. Nkhokwe ndi zomera zokha, koma kubzala ndikuzisamalira kunyumba zimafuna kudziwa ndi khama.
Tsatanetsatane wa Crocus kapena safironi
Crocus kapena safironi - Chomera chochepa chotchedwa bulbous chomera. Maluwa a crocus amaumbidwa ngati tulips. Mtundu wa maluwa uli wosiyana: woyera, lilac, wofiirira, wachikasu. Mitundu yosakanizidwa ikhoza kukhala ndi mapaundi awiri. Pamene maluwawo akuyamba, mkati mwake mukhoza kuwona katatu kasupe kapena malalanje. Masamba ndi opapatiza kwambiri, amdima wobiriwira ndi mitsempha yoyera pakati. Ndipo pamaluwa ozungulira m'munda, komanso ngati maluwa okongoletsedwa, ma crocuses amawoneka okongola kwambiri, mumangofunikira kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Dzina "crocus" limachokera ku "ulusi" wachi Greek, ndi "safironi" - kuchokera ku chiarabu "chikasu."
Kusankha mphika wa crocus
Pofuna kubzala nkhuku kunyumba, muyenera kusankha botolo loyenera kwambiri la zomera. Mababu sayenera kugwirizana ndi makoma a mphika ndi wina ndi mzake, kotero kukula kwake kumadalira chiwerengero cha zomera (kawirikawiri kuchokera pa zisanu mpaka khumi). Njira yabwino ndiyo mphika waukulu mu mawonekedwe a mbale ndi makoma ochepa. Makamaka kukakamizidwa kwa crocuses pali zowonjezera zitsulo ndi mabowo omwe amamera.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti ma crocusi aziwoneka bwino, m'phika limodzi ndi bwino kudzala mababu a mtundu womwewo ndi ofanana nawo.
Kusankha dothi la safironi
Nthaka ya crocuses iyenera kukhala yopanda ndale, yowala komanso yotsekemera, chifukwa kuphulika kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa kuola kwa mababu. Njira yoyenera idzakhala gawo la malo osungirako zamasitolo. Mukhozanso kukonzekera kuphatikizapo mchenga wonyezimira, mtedza ndi mapepala osakaniza.
Ndi mababu a crocus omwe mungasankhe
Kukula bwino ndi kukula kwa nkhumba, sikuti kulima koyenera komanso kusamalidwa ndikofunikira, komanso kukolola kwapamwamba. Muyenera kusankha mababu popanda mawanga, kuvunda ndi mawotchi kuwonongeka. Ngati zofooka zina zidakali zooneka, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo malo owonongeka ndi phulusa kapena malasha otayika ayenera kutetezedwa. Muyeneranso kuyeretsa mababu a mamba ndi mizu.
Kugula mababu mu sitolo, muyenera kumvetsera nambala ya kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri, nkhaniyi imasankhidwa ndi masentimita masentimita m'magazi malinga ndi mlingo woyenerera wa kuyesa mbewu za babu. Mababu a Crocus omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha masentimita 5 mpaka 10 amadziwika ndi ziwerengero zazikuluzikulu za babu (zomwe zikusonyeza kukula kwake):
- 5 / 7- 1.6-2.2 masentimita;
- 7 / 8-2.2-2.5 cm;
- 8 / 9-2.5-2.8 masentimita;
- 9 / 10- 2.8 cm-3.2 cm;
Mukamakula nkhuku mumphika, mukhoza kuyembekezera maluwa amodzi kuchokera ku chomera chokhala ndi kukula kwa 7/8, ndi kukula kwa maluwa 8/9 - 2-3, ndi kukula kwa 9/10 - 3-4 maluwa.
Large Dutch hybrids wotchedwa 10 / + perekani 5-6 maluwa. Ndizo zoyenera kwambiri kulima: Zimabwereka ku distillation ndi pachimake maluwa akuluakulu.
Ndikofunikira! Zowonjezera bulbu ya crocus mu kukula, chomeracho chidzabala maluwa ndipo nthawi yayitali idzaphuka.
Kukula kwa Crocus ndi kubereka
Mababu ndizofunika kwambiri kubzala, chifukwa nkhumba zimakhala zovuta kufalitsa ndipo njirayi siigwiritsidwe ntchito mu floriculture. Mmera wotero udzaphuka muzaka 4-5 zokha. Chaka chilichonse corm yakale imamwalira, ndipo m'malo mwake imakula anyezi atsopano.
Musanabzala mphete mu mphika, zinthu zogulidwa zogulidwa ziyenera kutayika.. Kusunga mababu nthawi zambiri zakhala zouma, zimangosungidwa kutentha kwa masiku angapo kenako nkuziyika mufiriji.
Ngati mababu achotsedwa pa chiwembu, njira yokonzekera idzakhala yaitali. Pambuyo pokumba mu June, mababuwo auma ndi kusankhidwa. Poyamba, ayenera kusungidwa kutentha, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa (kuyambira 34 mpaka 20 madigiri). Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, kuchepetsa kutentha, ikani mawonekedwe pa madigiri 17. Muzochitika zoterozo, nkhaniyi ikusungidwa mpaka theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August, kenako njira yozizira imayamba. Mu chipinda chouma ndi chakuda pamtunda wa madigiri 4-9 kapena mufiriji, mababu amasungidwa mu pepala lakuda kwa mwezi.
Ndikofunikira! Olima ogwira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala "kubzala mu malaya a mchenga." Nthaka ndi mchenga wambiri zimayikidwa mu chidebe, mababuwo amabzalidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wachiwiri. Motero, mizu ili mu nthaka ya michere, ndipo mababuwo amatetezedwa ku kuvunda.
Kubzala kumapangidwa masiku 70-90 isanafike tsiku lokonzekera maluwa. Ikani zosanjikiza pansi pa mphika. Mababu amaikidwa mu nthaka yokonzeka kwathunthu kapena kusiya "yaying'ono" mchira. Mphika uli ndi mbande yoyera kwa miyezi iwiri pamalo ozizira (malo asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu) kuti amere.
Kukula kwa crocuses mu mphika
Ng'oma zapakhomo zimakula ndi kukakamiza.
Pamene mphukirazo ndizolimba ndipo zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 3-5, mphika uyenera kuunika ndipo kutentha kumafunika madigiri 10-15. Mu zinthu zabwino, safironi idzaphuka masabata awiri.
Mukudziwa? Distillation ndi njira yobweretsa chomera kuchokera ku dormancy chifukwa cha maluwa pa nthawi yodabwitsa, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi - kutentha, chinyezi, kuwala.
Kupereka ma crocuses chisamaliro chisanachitike maluwa panyumba, mutha kuwonjezera moyo wawo. Nthawi yachiwiri pambuyo pa distillation, zomera nthawi zambiri sizimaphuka, ndipo mababuwo amatayidwa kunja, koma ngati atabzalidwa pamtunda, "ana" amapanga. Mavitamini osungidwa bwino amafunika kuti kachilombo kamere kachiwiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudyetsa nthaka ndi kuvala pamwamba ndi kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse mpaka masamba atembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Ndiye babu ayenera kuchotsedwa, kutsukidwa pansi ndi kusungidwa mu malo amdima, owuma kuti abwerere mofulumira mu kugwa.Kutsekemera koweta
Crocus sakonda chinyezi chochulukira ndipo sagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, kotero muyenera kuthirira mbewuzo moyenera, 2-3 pa sabata pamene chimbudzi chimatha. Pakati pa maluwa, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kupyola poto, kuchotsa madzi owonjezera theka la ora mutatha kuthirira.
Feteleza ndi kuvala
Pakulima chomera sichiyenera kumera. Potash ndi feteleza phosphate ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi maluwa a crocuses. Kuwaza feteleza kumachitika ndi kutuluka kwa mphukira (mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1), panthawi yopanga maluwa ndi pambuyo maluwa (mofanana mbali). Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza feteleza sikunakonzedwe.
Kusamalira maluwa kwautali
Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake makina amasiya kufalikira, muyenera kufufuza momwe iwo akukonzera. Musaiwale kuti safironi ndi yamtengo wapatali, ndipo sizingakhale ngati kutentha (madigiri 20 kapena kuposerapo) kapena kuwala kwa chipindacho ndi chowala kwambiri. Kuti mukhale ndi crocus yokometsera maluwa, muyenera kubisala kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kuwala kwa nyali ndikusungunuka kutentha (14 madigiri 14, usiku - ngakhale pansipa 0). Pazifukwa zabwino, mitundu ina yokongoletsera kwa milungu itatu.
Mukudziwa? Safironi ndi imodzi mwa zonunkhira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. - zopangidwa kuchokera ku zonyansa zouma za safironi maluwa. Kuti mupeze kilogalamu ya zonunkhira, muyenera kusonkhanitsa 200,000 zokhala ndi maluwa. Kupambana kwa zopangira zonunkhira padziko lapansi (90%) ndi Iran.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Mu mazira a masika ndi mazira a autumn, mapangidwe a chitukuko ndipo, motero, kubzala nthawi sikumagwirizana: masika ayenera kubzalidwa mu September, ndi nyengo yophukira - m'chilimwe. Mukagula zokolola, onetsetsani kuti muzisamala nthawi ya crocus ikukula. Ma crocuses apakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kukakamiza.
Ngati mumabzala mu mababu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iwo adzaphuka nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana, omwe amawoneka ngati osangalatsa.
Mitundu yachilengedwe ya maluwa m'maluwa osakongoletsa kwambiri, ngakhale mosamala, maluwawo adzakhala ochepa. Ndi bwino kuwakhazikitsa m'munda, ndi poto chikhalidwe ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha zazikulu-flowered mitundu.
Masamba a chikasu ndi chizindikiro cha chlorosis. Matendawa ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa babu kapena mavuto (kusowa kwa madzi, kusowa zakudya m'thupi). Mukhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa kuthirira pang'ono.
Crocus Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Ngati chomeracho chikhala ndi malo ochepa pamphuno, ndipo masambawo ali opunduka ndipo samatseguka - mwinamwake Crocus ili ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Pankhaniyi, chomeracho chiyenera kuwonongedwa, ndipo nthaka ikuchitidwa ndi manganese yankho.
Maluwa otchedwa Flower corms angakhudzidwe ndi bowa: amachepetsedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe amawoneka pansi pa mamba. Pofuna kuteteza matenda a fungal, mfundo zoyenera kubzala ziyenera kuyanika ndi kuchitidwa ndi njira yapadera.
Kukula kwa crocuses mnyumba sikophweka, komabe kumakhala kosangalatsa. Ngati mutatsatira malamulo pang'ono, maluwa osalimbawa adzakupatsani chisangalalo komanso kusangalala.
