Maluwa okongola pawindo: zinsinsi za kulima bwino ndi kusamalira pelargonium

Pelargonium, chifukwa cha maluwa ake okongola komanso osadziwika bwino, mwamsanga anayamba kutchuka pakati pa okonda maluwa ndipo lero amakongoletsa nyumba zambiri ndi nyumba.

Zenizeni, dzina la chomeracho amatembenuzidwa ngati "mlomo wa stork" chifukwa cha zipatso zofanana ndi mlomo wa mbalame iyi. Kodi mtundu wa pelargonium umasowa chithandizo chanji?

Kufotokozera ndi mbiri ya zochitika

Pelargonium ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la geranium ndipo chimachokera ku South Africa kupita ku Holland kenako ku France ndi England. Maluwawo ndi owongoka, nthambi zina zimayambira ndipo zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 30-80. Maonekedwe a masamba ndi osiyana pa mitundu yonse ya pelargonium. Ma inflorescences ali ofanana ndi maambulera, akhoza kukhala ndi maluwa ochepa kapena ambirimbiri (mukhoza kuphunzira zosiyanasiyana za pelargonium, mfundo za chisamaliro, komanso kuona zithunzi za maluwa pano).

Pelargonium ali ndi zonunkhira zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya komanso zonunkhira. Kuwonjezera apo, amakhulupirira kuti duwa limabweretsa kumvetsa kwa banja. Werengani zambiri za machiritso a pelargonium m'nkhani yathu.

Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ku ozizira kosagwira munda geraniums ndi kuti pelargonium ndi thermophilic ndi zoweta chomera.

Kodi kukula maluwa?

Pelargonium ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, komabe palinso zofunika zina zoti zikule ndikuzisamalira kunyumba.

• Nthaka ndi mphika. Chomeracho chimakonda nthaka yokonzedwa bwino yokhala ndi kompositi, peat, humus ndi mchenga, zomwe zimakhala ndi ndale komanso zochepa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera phulusa. Phika ayenera kukhala waing'ono (mu chidebe cholimba, pelargonium imamasula kwambiri kwambiri) ndipo imakhala ndi mabowo.
• Kuthirira Ndi bwino kuganizira za momwe nthaka ikuyendera - kuthirira chomera pokhapokha ikauma. Ngati mutakhala ndi maluwa nthawi yaitali, nthaka yake imakhala yoola. Kutaya masamba a pelargonium sikofunikira.
• Kuunikira Maluwa awa amakonda kuwala ndipo amakula bwino kwambiri m'mawindo a dzuwa, komanso amamva bwino penumbra. Komabe, ngati pali nyali zokwanira, tsinde la mbeu lingakhale lopanda kanthu.
• Kutentha Kwa chitukuko choyenera ndi maluwa amafunikira kutentha kufika ku +20 madigiri, osachepera amaloledwa - 10-12 madigiri a kutentha.
• Mbewu. Mothandizidwa ndi kudulira mungathe kukwaniritsa kukongola kolona, ​​kukula kwa lateral mphukira ndi maonekedwe a inflorescences, obiriwira maluwa ndi kutenga chomera. Kudulira bwino kumachitika bwino m'dzinja kapena masika, koma ngati kuli kotheka - nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Malo magawo kuti aziwaza ndi wosweka malasha kapena sinamoni ufa.
• Kusinthanitsa. Momwemo amatchedwa njira yochotsera nsonga za mbande zazing'ono kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa mphukira zowonjezera kupanga shrub ku chomera. Monga lamulo, kukanikiza pakati kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, koma ngati n'koyenera, pakufunika. Tsatanetsatane wa momwe tingakanire ndi kuchepetsa pelargonium zomwe tawuza apa.
• Kupaka pamwamba. Pelargonium iyenera kudyetsedwa chaka chonse, kupatula m'nyengo yozizira - nthawi yopumula. M'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, masiku khumi ndi anayi kuti mugwiritse ntchito feteleza omwe ali ndi potaziyamu, magnesium ndi nayitrogeni. Mukhoza kugula feteleza yokonzeka bwino kapena kuphika nokha mwa kusakaniza mchere muzofanana. Komabe, musanayambe maluwa, mavitrojeni ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndi potaziyamu - kuwonjezeka.

  Chenjerani! Asanayambe kudyetsa mbewu ayenera kuthiriridwa, mwinamwake pali ngozi yotentha mizu.

Njira zoberekera

Mitundu ya Pelargonium m'njira zitatu:

• mbewu - Kufesa mbewu zomwe mukufuna kuyambira nthawi ya December mpaka February ndikudikirira mbande patatha masabata atatu;
• kugawa chitsamba - muyenera kukumba chitsamba, kugawana mofatsa, chomera gawo lililonse mu chidebe chosiyana, kenaka pangani pang'ono ndikutsanulira nthaka;
• cuttings - M'pofunika kukonzekera cuttings mpaka 10 cm (ngati pali mitundu yochepa - mpaka 3 masentimita), kudula wathanzi ndi mphukira zamphamvu, ndiye kuzibzala mu mphika ndi madzi otsika pansi ndi nthaka yopangidwa ndi peat, perlite, kompositi ndi calcined munda nthaka, Lembani nthaka pafupi ndi kudula ndi kuyembekezera kuti mizu iwonedwe mu masabata 2-3.

Cuttings angapereke mizu ndipo ngati ayika masabata 2-3 m'madzi m'chipinda chofunda.

Kodi mungabereke bwanji mbewu?

Kunyumba, pelargonium yakula kuchokera ku mbewu, ngakhalenso obwera kumene ku floriculture akhoza kuthana nazo.

Njira yolima zomera kuchokera ku mbewu ndi sitepe:

1. sankhani nyemba, kumvetsera maonekedwe awo: ziyenera kukhala zazikulu, zowirira, zowoneka ndi maonekedwe oundana;
2. Kuti mukhale ndi mphukira zabwino, mumasowa kuwala kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti musabzalapo kale kuposa kumayambiriro kwa February kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zoonjezerapo;
3. kuchepetsa nthawi ya kumera kwa mbewu kumatha, kuchotsa mbali ya chipolopolo chawo, motero kuonetsetsa kuti pali zakudya zowonjezera;
4. nthaka ingathe kugulidwa ku sitolo, kuonetsetsa kuti sichiposa oversaturated ndi mchere, kapena mukhoza kuphika nokha mwa kusakaniza gawo limodzi la peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje ndi magawo awiri a nthaka ya sod;
5. Thirani nthaka yotentha mpaka madigiri 2222 muzakonzedwe okonzedwa ndikuikaka ndi madzi otentha;
6. pambuyo pa masentimita awiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, pangani zizindikiro ndi malo omwe mumakhala nawo;
7. kuwaza iwo ndi nthaka ndi moisten;
8. Kuphimba zitsulo ndi zojambulazo, atapanga maenje mkati mwa mpweya wabwino;
9. Kutentha kwa mpweya mutatha kufesa sikuyenera kupitirira + madigiri 222, ndipo pambuyo pake mbeuyo ikumera chiwopsezo chovomerezeka - madigiri 20 kutentha;
10. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira kuchotsa filimu ndi kutumiza mphamvu pawindo sill;
11. Kuti apange mizu yoyenera, m'pofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula nthaka ndi kubzala mbeu m'dothi lalikulu ndi nthaka yatsopano;
12. Kuti apeze chitsamba chogwirana bwino, kuthawa kwa pelargonium kuyenera kukumbidwa pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu likupezeka pa ilo.

Zovuta zowonongeka ndi tizilombo towononga

Matenda akulu a zomera:

• Odema kapena edema. Matendawa amachititsa kuti nthaka iwonongeke kwambiri ndipo imawonetsedwanso pakupanga kukula kwa masamba. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kuchotsa masamba omwe akukhudzidwa.
• Verticillary wilting. Matendawa amafa maluwa. Ndikofunika kuwononga chomeracho ndikudula mphukira ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, yambani zomera ndi biofungicide trichodermine.
• Grey kuvunda. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kufota, mawanga a bulauni amaoneka pansi pa chomera, ndipo bowa imvi imapezeka mu matendawa. Amayambitsa imvi yowonjezera madzi ndi mkulu wa nayitrojeni mu feteleza. Nkofunikira kudula mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeu, ndikuyendetsa maluwa ndi fungicides ndi kuziyika mu nthaka yatsopano ndi mphika.
• Tsinde ndi mizu zowola. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha madzi ndi nthaka yamchere. Muzu wa mizu umatembenuka wakuda ndi rots, masamba amawuluka, kenako amawomba chikasu ndi kufota. Chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi "Fitolavin" kapena "Biporam".
• Tsinde ndipo muzuke mochedwa choipitsa. Nkhumbazi zimafalikira pansi, koma zimatha kutengedwera mumlengalenga pakati pa zomera, chifukwa pelargonium imatha komanso kuwonongeka. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Kukula kwa zomera kumachepetsanso, ndipo masamba amawoneka otumbululuka, omwe amawoneka ngati alibe kusowa kwa madzi, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira bowa kumakula, kumachulukitsa ndikukhudza nthambi zonse.

  N'zotheka kuchiza chomera kumayambiriro koyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi, kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuziika m'munda wosabala ndi poto.

Mavuto ndi kukula:

• platinum chikasu - N'kutheka kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi zowola, muyenera kusamba mbewu;
• m'mphepete mwa masamba amatembenukira chikasu - Vuto lili pa chisamaliro cholakwika, ayenera kuyendetsa ulimi wothirira, kutentha kwa mpweya, feteleza;
• kusowa kwa maluwa - Mwachidziwikire, kunali kudumpha kwa chinyezi kapena duwa sikokwanira kokwanira, muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kusuntha chomera kumwera;
• kudodometsa - N'zotheka kuti acidity ya nthaka yowonjezera (sayenera kupitirira 5.5pH) kapena mphika wakhala wochepa kwambiri maluwa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a pelargonium - aphid ndi whitefly, mukhoza kumenyana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa malonda ogulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa. Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso za kupewa ndi kulamulira kunyumba kwathu.

Pelargonium si chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chimakhala ndi kulima ndi kuberekanso, zomwe zimatsatira malangizo ndi uphungu, ngakhale maluwa osadziwa zinthu amatha kugwira ntchito ndipo maluwa awa amasangalatsa eni ake ndikukongoletsa malo.