Anthu omwe amalima ndiwo zamasamba m'munda wawo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matenda awo osiyanasiyana. Tomato sichimodzimodzi ndipo akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi bowa Alternaria, yomwe imayambitsa matenda monga Alternaria.
Talingalirani mu nkhani yathu zomwe ziri ndi momwe tingachitire matendawa.
Kufotokozera
Alternaria - matenda omwe ali ndi mayina ena: macrosporosis, bulauni malo, malo owuma. Ndizowopsa komanso wamba wa tomato.
Alternaria imayamba pa ziwalo zonse zapamwamba za mmera, kuyambira pansi ndiyeno kupita pamwamba. Pa tomato ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, mawanga oyera pa masamba amatha kuwoneka kawirikawiri. 
Malo ozungulira omwe ali pafupi mamita 7 mm akuwonekera pa malo ovulala. Kenako amakoka ndipo amatha kufika 17 mm. Pachigawo chotsatira, masamba amafa pamene malo okhudzidwawo akuphatikizana ndikuphimba masamba ambiri, ndipo atayamba kutentha kwambiri amayamba kuphimba mdima.
Mu mawonekedwe a kuyang'ana mawanga aakulu, matendawa amadziwonetsera pa petioles, ndipo mawanga amayamba kuoneka, ataphimbidwa ndi zovala zodzikongoletsera komanso kukhala ndi chida chowonekera bwino. Kenaka ziphuphu zimafa - zimayambira ndi petioles zouma, kenako zimathyoka. Pamtunda pawokha amawonekera ngati malo ozungulira pafupi ndi tsinde, ndi pulasitiki yakuda. Bowa limatha kulowa mkati ndikugunda mbewu. Amadetsedwa ndipo amasiya kumera. Tomato amagwa pansi, osakhalanso ndi nthawi yakuphuka. Kapena mosiyana, amabala msanga, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amakhala ndi kakang'ono.
Kodi alternarioz phwetekere mungathe kuona bwanji chithunzichi pansipa. 
Mukudziwa? Nyamayi ndi ya banja la nightshade ndipo ndi wachibale wa mbatata ndi fodya.
Zimayambitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Alternaria solani Sorauer wothandizira ena a alternaria. Ntchentcheyi imafalikira ndi mlengalenga ndipo imayamba kukhala ndi chinyezi pamtunda wa 25-27 ° C.
Taganizirani zomwe alternaria alternata. Ndi nthumwi ya nkhungu zomwe zimapanga spores. Bowa ili limapezeka pa zipatso zokhazokha zomwe zowonongeka, zowonongeka kapena zosungidwa nthawi yaitali. 
Zifukwa za matenda a phwetekere:
- nyengo yotentha, kusintha kwa masana kutentha ndi usiku kumakhudza chitukuko cha matenda;
- Mvula kawirikawiri imathandizira kukula kwa bowa;
- Kuwonongeka kwa makina kumalimbikitsa matenda;
- Gwero la matenda ndi kachilombo kapena mbeu;
- nthaka yoipa imayambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala mbewu za phwetekere, nkofunika kuzikonza bwino popewera matenda a chikhalidwe.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Kwa mitundu yotsatila ndiyi:
- Aurora F1;
- Ray;
- Sanka;
- Chiyembekezo;
- Liang;
- Chidutswa;
- Alex hybrids.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbatata alternaria.
Zoyamba zizindikiro ndi ngozi
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimapezeka pa siteji ya kubzala mbande pansi. Alternaria amawonetseredwa ngati mawanga aang'ono pamunsi mwa masamba a chikhalidwe. Nthawi yosakaniza ya causative agent ndi pafupi masiku atatu. Ndiyeno amayamba kukula ndikukula.
Matendawa amawoneka kuti ndi owopsa, chifukwa amayamba kukhudza chikhalidwe chonse, ngati nthawi isayambe mankhwala. Alternariosis imayambitsa imfa ya 85% ya mbeu ya phwetekere.
Mukudziwa? Mu Ufumu wa Russia, phwetekere anawoneka mu XVIII atumwi. Kumayambiriro kwake izo zinakula ngati chomera chomera.
Kuchiza kwachisala
Chithandizo cha phwetekere macrosporosis ndi chithandizo cha chikhalidwe ndi fungicides. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuchiza chomeracho pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikuwonekera.
Ganizirani zomwe mungachite ngati mawanga oyera akuonekera pambali pa tomato. Fungicides of contact, monga Antracol 70 WG, Ditan M-45, zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Komanso bwino mankhwala othandizira mankhwala, monga "Flint", "Infinity", "Kvadris", "Ridomil Gold MC". Chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika milungu iwiri iliyonse. M'nyengo ikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbeu 3-4 nthawi. 
Werengani komanso momwe mungapezere fusarium, powdery mildew, pamwamba zowola, phytophthora pa tomato.
Kupewa
Mungathe kulepheretsa kusintha kwa Alternaria, ngati
- Chotsani zitsamba zonse mu nthaka mutatha kukolola;
- siritsani nthaka;
- Pangani feteleza zamchere zomwe ziri ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka;
- nthawi yowononga zomera zowopsa;
- sankhani mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matendawa;
- kuthirira mbewu pamzu, kumangiriza mitundu yayitali, kuchotsa masamba a m'munsi mwake;
- yang'anani kusinthasintha kwa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Ndizosatheka kubzala tomato pamalo omwe mbatata, maapulosi, kabichi, ndi tsabola zimakula kale.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda a tomato, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga Trichodermine, ndi Fitosporin, tisanayambe kulowera kwa Alternaria. Ngati mumatsatira malamulo onse mutabzala tomato ndikutsatira njira zothandizira, ndiye kuti palibe matenda a tomato si oopsa.
