Kuti tomato azitha kugwira bwino ntchito ndikusangalatsa wobzala ndi zipatso zazikulu zotsekemera, ayenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Feteleza wosankhidwa bwino ndi munthawi yake adzakhudza bwino mbewuyo.
Kuphatikiza Tomato: Kuchulukitsa Zipatso ndi Feteleza
Panthawi yopanga zipatso, phwetekere limatha mphamvu zambiri, choncho amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi michere. Zochulukitsa ziyenera kuwonjezeka mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Ndikofunikira kulabadira zinthu zomwe zimapanga mayankho. Chifukwa chake, potaziyamu ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamtengowo, momwe imaperekera kamvekedwe, imawonjezera kukana ndikukulitsa zipatso. Urea mumadontho ang'onoang'ono amatithandizanso kukhwima mwachangu komanso tomato wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri masika ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Powonjezera zinthu zachilengedwe panthaka, mutha kukwaniritsa zokolola zochuluka ndi zamkati zokoma. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza amayala maziko opangira ndi kupanga nthambi, pomwe zipatso zake zimadzapezekanso.
Feteleza pakugwa
Kukonzekera kwa kukula kwa tomato kuyenera kuyamba kugwa, chifukwa chake muyenera kudziwa pasadakhale komwe mabedi ndi phokoso m'derali. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zidalimidwa pamenepo zaka zingapo zapitazi, chifukwa pambuyo pa mbatata kapena mabakiteriya ovuta amaberekera pansi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oyamba ndi tomato. Chomera chimafuna nthaka yachonde, ya chernozemic yokhala ndi michere yambiri yazachilengedwe, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kuti iwonjezeke palokha, mwachitsanzo: mullein, kompositi ndi zitosi za mbalame zosakanikirana ndi lapansi ndizothandiza kwambiri m'tsogolo.
Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera peat kapena zinthu zachilengedwe m'dothi lodzaza. Pankhaniyi, utuchi, makala ndi makala osankhidwa ndi abwino. Tomato amakula bwino dothi lokhala ndi acidity yayikulu, madera oterowo ayenera kupewedwa. Komanso, muthanso kupanga dothi labwino kuti mbewu zikhale bwino pamanja powonjezera laimu yosalala kapena miyala ya miyala yophwanyika pang'ono. Ngati acidity ili yapakati, iyenera kuchepera pakupanga ufa kuchokera ku choko, phulusa.
Feteleza kwa achinyamata mbande
Musanabzale, mbeu zake ziyenera kuyeretsedwa bwino. Mwa izi, yankho la madzi ndi mchere wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 5% limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mchitidwewo umachitika kwa mphindi pafupifupi 10, kenako mbewuzo zimayenera kutsukidwa mosamala ndikusiyidwa ndikuyeretsa, ndikuwusiyira madzi kwa maola ena 15 mpaka 15, kotero kuti amatupa ndikuyamba msanga.
Ngati dothi, mutha kugula magawo opangidwa kale, ndiye kuti kudya zowonjezera sikuchitika. Nthawi inanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira dothi pasadakhale ndi yankho lochepera la potaziyamu permanganate ndikusiyira kuti liume kwathunthu kwa milungu itatu. Kachilombo koyipa sikadzawonekeranso dothi, ndipo mbewuyo imakula bwino.
Mutabzala, feteleza waponseponse wa phwetekere mumayamwa, zothetsera zovuta zamadzi ndizabwino kwambiri. Organic ndibwino kusazunza, kumangodziyika piritsi ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Zikamera zikalimba, ndipo masamba oyamba akayamba kupanga, muyenera kuthirira nthaka ndi zofooka zochepa za zitsamba (nettle, amayi opeza, plantain, ndi zina), zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu ndi kukana kwa matenda a tomato.
Momwe mungadyetse tomato poyera
Masabata angapo asanabzale mbande zazing'ono pamalopo, zochitika zingapo ziyenera kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, pezani dothi mosamala ndikusakaniza ndi kompositi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa feteleza wamamineral, makamaka okhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphoric ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimathandizira kuti masinthidwe achilengedwe azikhala ndi dothi latsopano.
Mukakula, ndibwino kudyetsa tomato ndi organic, yankho la manyowa ndi madzi. Kukonzekera ndi kosavuta: muyenera kudzaza chidebe pafupifupi wachitatu, ndikuthira madzi pamwamba, kusakaniza bwino. Gawo la yankho limawonjezeredwa ndi malita 10 amadzi, pambuyo pake amalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Bacteria amayamba kukonza kulowetsedwa m'masiku 5-7. Pa zokolola zapamwamba, tomato amatha kudyetsedwa ndi urea pang'ono.
Momwe mungadyetse tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kwa mbewu zobiriwira, pali zochenjera pakudya. Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira nthaka, yomwe imayenera kudutsa mpweya wabwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza dziko lapansi, mchenga ndi humus pamwamba, ndikuwonjezera supuni ya potaziyamu sulfate. Izi zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala yopatsa thanzi, ndikupatsa mbewuzo malo abwino nyengo yonse yolima.
M'masabata atatu oyamba, kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ana aang'ono akhale ndi thanzi, monga Plantafol, Epinom Extra. Itha kuthira manyowa ndi michere ina yokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu. Ngati feteleza pamizu sikubweretsa zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kupita kukavala zovala zapamwamba. Pachifukwa ichi, calcium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira supuni 1 pa 10 malita amadzi.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, tomato nthawi zambiri amayamba kubzala mwachangu, pomwe zipatso zimakhalabe zochepa ndikuleka kukula. Kuti tipewe njirayi, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa njira ya superphosphate molingana ndi supuni zitatu pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi mu nthaka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba pamtunda wamaluwa
Mukamasintha maluwa, muyenera kumvetsera mwachidwi kusankha feteleza, chifukwa yankho lolakwika limabweretsa zovuta. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza waponseponse (Kemira, Wagon). Itha kukonzedwa palokha: sakanizani potaziyamu sulfate ndi voliyumu yoposa 1 supuni, 0,5 l wa manyowa amadzimadzi, 7-9 l madzi othamanga. Kulowetsedwa kotereku kumayambitsidwa pansi pa muzu pafupifupi kawiri.
Njira ina yabwino yophatikiza feteleza wa mchere ndi nitroammophosk, supuni 1 yomwe ndi yokwanira ndowa yamadzimadzi.
Feteleza zachilengedwe, makamaka tchipisi tamasamba ndi njira yofooka ya humus, zimakhala ndi phindu. Kuchokera kwa wowerengeka azitsamba, nthawi imeneyi, kulowetsedwa kwa yisiti, udzu, ayodini ndi phulusa ndizabwino.
Feteleza pa zipatso
Zipatso zikayamba kuwonekera, muyenera kupita kukadyetsa kotsatira:
- Masabata awiri oyambilira amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate pochita supuni imodzi pachidebe. Izi zikuthandizani kuti ana achichepere apange bwino komanso kuthamangitsa ntchito yakucha.
- Kenako muyenera kupanga ma mineral complex omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri za ayodini, ayodini ndi boron momwe zingathere, zomwe zimakhudzanso kukoka kwa zamkati. Kulowetsedwa koteroko kuyenera kukonzekera kokha: ndikofunikira kusakaniza boric acid kusungunuka m'madzi otentha ndi 10 ml ya ayodini 5%, 1-1.5 l phulusa loyeretsedwa ku zodetsa ndikutsanulira chifukwa cha 10 l yamadzi oyenda. 1 lita imodzi yovuta kutalika nkokwanira kuthengo.
- Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, mwanjira imeneyi chiopsezo cha kupsa kwamankhwala ngati mulingo wambiri wa zinthu sizili zolondola.
Ndikofunikira kuti musapitirire pafupipafupi kuvala kwapamwamba, makamaka panthawi yopanga zipatso, popeza zambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa zimayamwa ndi mizu ndikugwera mumasipuni akucha, zimakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi kakomedwe.
Zithandizo za anthu amchaka podyetsa tomato
Wamaluwa apanga njira zina zambiri zothandizira feteleza, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuposa kugula. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta, mutha kupewa ndalama zosafunikira, ndipo koposa zonse - kudziwa bwino zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya.
Phulusa
Imawonedwa ngati feteleza wovuta, chifukwa imakhala ndi micronutrients yambiri (potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, sodium) yomwe imagwira mbali zosiyanasiyana za phwetekere, ndikuwapatsa mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito youma pankhani yodzala mbewu - imakonkhedwa ndi maenje obzala, ndikuwonjezeranso dothi laling'ono mukamamera mbande.
Kuti tichite izi, phulusa liyenera choyamba kuzingidwa kutaya zinyalala ndi zina. Kwa ena onse, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza njira yothetsera phulusa, yomwe imamwa ndi tomato mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, malita pafupifupi 7 a madzi amasakanikirana ndi 250 g la phulusa. Ndi chikhalidwe kudyetsa pansi pazu ndi kulowetsedwa uku.
Masamba, mphukira ndi zipatso zazing'ono zimakonzedwa m'njira ina: 250-300 g ya phulusa liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku 3 malita a madzi, kenako ndikuwiritsa misa osachepera mphindi 30. Tsiku lotsatira, onjezerani malita ena 7 amadzimadzi mu njira ndikuyankhira bwino. Mukamaliza kusefa, kulowetsaku ndiwokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mavalidwe abwino osaphika
Njirayi yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri olima nyumba, chifukwa chakuchita bwino. Kuti muchite izi, 100 g ya yisiti iyenera kunyowa m'milita 7 yamadzi, kenako kusakaniza. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira ndi yankho nthawi yomweyo, kenako imachitika mwachangu. Ngati yisiti yauma, ayenera kusakanikirana ndi madzi okhazikika malinga ndi 10 g pa 10 malita. Ndiye kusiya kulowetsedwa usiku.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, mutha kuthira masupuni ena atatu a shuga. Njira imeneyi imakhudza kukula kwa phwetekere, kuyambitsa mphamvu. Ndizoyipa chifukwa sizipereka mbewu zomwe zimagwira muzofunikira zamasamba abwinobwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikosatheka kuphatikiza ndi yisiti pokhapokha ngati tomato atha kudwala chifukwa chosowa zinthu.
Mullein
Chimodzi mwaz feteleza wabwino kwambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Sich imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yake; njira zothetsera zimakonzedwa nthawi zambiri. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa cha kulimba kwamphamvu munthaka. Yankho limakonzedwa mophweka: 5 malita a madzi amasakanizidwa ndi malita a 3-4 a manyowa kuti chidebe chidzaziridwe bwino, ndikatha kusakaniza, chidebecho chimayenera kuphimbidwa ndikuchotsedwa m'malo otentha kwa masiku 7-10. Kamodzi kukakamizidwa, feteleza adzaumitsa, kotero musanamwe madzi ndikofunikira kuthira madziwo ndikuwonjezeranso pa 1:10. Kutengera ndikukula kwa chitsamba, 0,5 kapena 1 lita yovala pamwambayi ndizokwanira iye.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle
Kufunika kwachilengedwe komwe kumapangidwa pamtengowu kumakhala kopatsa thanzi kwambiri, chifukwa nettle imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso mchere wambiri, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu ndi magnesium, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ikukana matenda opatsirana.
Pongoyambira, zosatulutsa maluwa zimasonkhanitsidwa, ndi magawo obiriwira okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi vutoli. Kenako udzu uzikhathamira ndi madzi ofunda, kuphimba chidebe ndi chivindikiro ndikusiya m'malo amdima pafupifupi milungu itatu. Mutha kufulumizitsa kupesa mwakuyika chidebe padzuwa, koma pamenepa pakufunika kusakaniza bwino kulowetsedwa masiku onse awiri.
Padzakhala fungo lodziwika bwino, lomwe lingathetsedwe mwa kukonkha nthiti zophwanyika za valerian. Mukapanga kulowetsedwa pansi pa muzu, phwetekere limathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika zosaposa nthawi 1 pa sabata.
Kudyetsa Nkhuku
Imawonedwa ngati feteleza wovuta, chifukwa imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zazitsulo. Litter ili ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimathandizira kusasitsa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano. Zinyalala zimayikidwa mumtsuko mu chiyerekezo cha 1/3 cha buku lonse, pambuyo pake malo otsalawo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Kulowetsedwa kuyenera kumasiyidwa kwa masabata 1-2 pamsewu pamalo osinthika, kenako kusakaniza bwino ndikuwonjezera madzi pang'ono, ngati pakufunika. 5 l yankho ndikokwanira pachitsamba chimodzi.
Kudyetsa ndi ayodini
Imakhala ndi chidwi ndi kukula komanso kukula msanga. Mosiyana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, njira ya ayodini imathandizira kwambiri kupanga zipatso. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala a matenda omwe amapezeka mu tomato - choipitsa mochedwa.
Tincture amakonzedwa mophweka ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo: onjezani madontho 4-5 a ayodini ku ndowa. Njira yotereyi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitidwe ndikuthilira pansi pa muzu. Kudyetsa kumatha kuyambitsidwa patatha masabata awiri mutabzala mbande panthaka ndikatha kusintha. Pa chitsamba chimodzi - osapitilira malita awiri.
Serum yowonjezera
Monga feteleza, Whey si njira yabwino kwambiri. Komabe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda wamba mumatomayi monga momwe amachedwa ndi vuto. Kukonzekera njira zothetsera mavuto sikutenga nthawi yambiri. 1 l seramu imawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wamadzi, mutha kutsanulira madontho 20-30 a ayodini ndikusakaniza bwino. Chingwechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito povala zovala zapamwamba. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa madzulo.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa: momwe angadziwire zomwe tomato alibe
Ngakhale tomato ndi chikhalidwe chosasinthika, amafunika chisamaliro choyenera, kuphatikiza mavitamini ndi michere yomwe amabweretsedwa ndi feteleza. Nthawi zina, potengera chikhalidwe cha chitsamba, mutha kudziwa mosavuta kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mbewu zimafunikira.
Chifukwa chake, ndikuchepera kwa nayitrogeni, masamba amadetsedwa, maluwa amayenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba - chitsamba ndichobowola kwambiri, koma mazira osapangika.
Ngati masamba apeza utoto wofiirira, ndiye kuti phwetekere limasowa phosphorous, ndipo mbali zake zobiriwira mopitilira zimakhala zachikaso ndi zowuma.
Potaziyamuakalowa mmalowo mokulira kwambiri, zilembo zowoneka bwino zimawonekera panthambi. Mukapotoza tsamba, muyenera kupatsa tomato ndi umuna wokhala ndi nayitrogeni.
