Ngati zaka 10 zapitazo, zidutswa za eggplant zinkaonedwa kuti zili kum'mwera, ngakhale zokondweretsa, ndiye lero chikhalidwe ichi chimapezeka m'malembo pa bedi lililonse.
Ndipo chinthucho ndikuti polawa mnofu wake wokoma kamodzi, zimakhala zovuta kuti mudzikane nokha zosangalatsa zimenezo.
Makamaka, ngati muli ndi bedi lanu lazamunda, limene likuwoneka kuti muli malo apadera obzala birplant.
Lero tizongolankhula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chomera ichi, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulima kuthengo, ndikuyang'ana bwino kwambiri.
Pakati pathu mudzaphunziranso zomwe zimachitika pakufika kwawo komanso malamulo omwe akufunikira kwambiri.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimayenera mitundu ya biringanya yomwe ikuyenera kukulirakulira?
Kwa mtundu uwu wa ma eggplant, mitundu yokhayo yomwe ili ndi nthawi yokolola kwambiri ndi zokolola zabwino ziri zoyenera.
Biringanya ndi malo abwino kwambiri amatha kubzala mbewu chaka chotsatira. Kawirikawiri, makhalidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ammimba kapena sing'anga-kakulidwe chitsamba, ndi bwino nthambi.
Zipatso zikhoza kuchitika mosiyana ndi kukula kwake, koma mtundu umawoneka mdima wonyezimira. Komanso, n'zotheka kukula mofanana ndi mitundu ya pakati pa nyengo, koma sakhala ndi nthawi yopsekera ku chitsimikizo chotere kuti n'zotheka kupeza mbewu kuchokera ku zipatso zopezeka. Tidzadziwana bwino ndi oyambawo, komanso ndi yachiwiri.
Bzalani "Balagur".
Timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chipatso chimodzi chokha chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba cha chitsamba cha biringanya. Koma zosiyanasiyanazi zidzatikondweretsa ndi mtundu watsopano wa fruiting - wrist.
Chifukwa cha ichi, burashi imodzi imakondweretsa zipatso zingapo, kawirikawiri nambala yawo imachokera ku 4 mpaka 6. Motero, chitsamba ndi chokha olemedwa kwambiri ndi zipatso: Malinga ndi chisamaliro ndi nyengo, chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kukhala kuyambira 50 mpaka 100.
Chitsamba chikhoza kufika kutalika kwa mita imodzi; palibe chifukwa choti chikhale chopanda chithandizo.
Motero, zosiyanasiyana ndi apamwamba-ololera, kuchokera m'dera la 1m2, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mosavuta kuchokera ku 6.8 mpaka 7.2 kilogalamu ya zipatso zokolola.
Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eggplants yokongola ili ndi mawonekedwe osamvetseka, ofanana ndi ellipse. Mtundu wa iwo siwodziwika bwino kwa chikhalidwe ichi - m'malo mofiira kwambiri.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, khungu lawo ndi lochepa thupi, ndipo thupi pansi pake ndi loyera, lalikulu, ndipo limakhala lokoma kwambiri. Koma, popeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kumapangidwira pamtunda komanso pamtunda, sapeza phindu lalikulu pa nyengo yonse yolima - mphindi 80-130 okha.
Kuwonjezera apo, kutalika kwake kungapangidwe masentimita 10 mpaka 17, ndi chizindikiro cha m'mimba mwake - kuyambira 3 mpaka 6.
Zifukwa zomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya biringanya ikufotokozera:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakucha kucha, popeza kukula kwa zipatso kumayambira pa 85 kapena 100 patatha masiku oyambirira mbande zikuwoneka. Choncho, mutagula mbewu za biringanya kamodzi, mutha kusonkhanitsa mbeuzo.
- N'zotheka kukula tchire cha zosiyanasiyana osati kutchire, komanso pansi pa pogona kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Chitsamba chomwe chili pamtundu uwu chikhoza kutambasulidwa ngakhale kufika mamita 1.3 m'litali.
- Kugwa kwa maluwa, komanso ovary omwe anawonekera, ndizosowa kwambiri.
- Pali njira yabwino yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka HIV kotereku mu chikhalidwe monga fodya.
- Zimapereka zokolola zambiri ngakhale pobzala kuchuluka kwa zomera zisanu pa 1m2.
Chitsamba chiyenera kumangirizidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati fruiting yochuluka kwambiri, ndiye kuti nkofunika kumangiriza maburashi ndi zipatso.
Manyowa "Vakula" - kalasi yabwino kwambiri yoyambirira kucha
Zambirizi ndi zotsatira zazomwe zasankhidwa ku Russia, chitsamba chomwe chimatha kufika mamita 2.2 mu kukula kwake, ndipo osachepera 1.2 (chimakhala chokwanira pamene chikukula mu nyengo yotentha).
Mu fruiting amapereka katundu wokwera pamtunda, choncho ndi bwino kuti musamangidwe.
Pereka iye ali kwambiri - kuyambira 9,8 mpaka 12.2 kilograms ndi dera la 1m2.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, ndikulimbikitsanso kuti musamabzala zoposa 3-5 3-5.
Zipatso za eggplants "Vakula" amasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe okongola a ellipsoid. Komabe, mtundu wawo wokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndipo thupi ndilo lofiira komanso loyera. Amakonda makamaka kusiyanitsa izi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa ena ambiri.
Mitengo ya zipatso imakhalanso yapamwamba - kuchokera ku magalamu 100 mpaka 400, chifukwa chake amatha kutulutsa chitsamba chochuluka kwambiri. M'pofunikanso kuzindikira kuti kutalika kwa dingalidwe imodzi kumatha masentimita 17 mpaka 20, ndi kukula kwake - masentimita 9-10.
Maluso mitundu yomwe muyenera kutsimikiza kuti:
- Kwambiri yakucha kucha zipatso. Kukula kwazamisiri kumabwera masiku 95-100.
- Mbewuyo imapangidwa ndipo imabala mofanana kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo, yomwe imathandiza kuti zokolola zikhale zosavuta.
- Pali minga iliyonse pamtambo, yomwe imathandizanso kusamalira.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kusintha mosiyana ndi kukula kwake, osati poyang'ana malo otseguka kapena kutentha, komanso m'madera ozungulira.
Ife tawona kale kuti tchire nthawi zambiri zimadzazidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi kusamba kwake kamodzi. Pankhani imeneyi, biringanya "Vakula" imafuna chidwi kwambiri, kuyenera kumangiriza ndi kugawa zowamba.
Zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira za eggplant "Sancho Panza" ndi makhalidwe ake ofunika kwambiri
Zokolola za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti sizingakhale bwino monga kalasi yapitayi. Komabe, ubwino wa "Sancho Panso" ndikuti ndi chabe zipatso zazikuluamene kulemera kwake kungafikire ndi 0.9 kilogalamu.
Kawirikawiri, chitsamba cha mitunduyi chili ndi kukula kwakukulu, zizindikiro zake zapamwamba ndi 1.5 mamita. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitsamba chili chofooka ndipo mwakuya chilibe minga.
Tanena kale kulemera kwake kwa chipatso, komabe tiyenera kudziŵa kuti pafupipafupi, kulemera kwake ndi 0,5-0.6 kilogalamu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, osadziwika bwino kwa eggplant. Khungu ndilopaka utoto wofiira, thupi ndi loyera. Amasiyana ndi zokonda zabwino.
Zotsatira kulima ma birplant "Sancho Panso":
- Mkatikati mwa nthawi yakucha zipatso zomwe zimachitika patatha masiku 120-130 kuchokera pamene mphukira yoyamba ya mbande ikuwonekera.
- Zipatso zazikulu ndi zipatso zawo, kulawa.
- Cholinga cha onse cha eggplants mu kalasi iyi yomwe si yabwino yokha yopangira nyumba, komanso yosungirako.
- Kutsutsana kumawonekera ku matenda monga matenda a fodya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Zinyama zingathe kukhala wamkulu popanda mavuto onse otseguka komanso njira yotentha.
Poganizira kuti mitunduyi sichikuphuka pachiyambi, koma pakati pa nthawi yoyamba, zokolola zake ndizo zipatso zokha za anthu. Koma kukula kwa mbewu m'madera ena sikuchitika, choncho chaka chotsatira iwo ayenera kugula.
Mphukira yopatsa komanso yonyenga "Negus": kudziwa zambiri zosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyanazi sizikutanthauza kwa mitundu yoyambirira, komanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eggplants. Kuchokera pamene nthawi yoyamba ya biringanya ikuwombera kumayambiriro kwa uzani wokwanira, masiku 70 mpaka 90 apitirira.
Mitengo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 50-60 okha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati mutabzala zosiyanasiyana pa mafakitale, kuchokera ku hekita 1 zimatha kusonkhanitsa matani 45.
Zina mwazinthu zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kuti nthawi yokolola kamodzi pa sabata, mukhoza kuwonetsa zokololazo, komanso kukulitsa nyengo yachitsamba.
Kukula kwa chipatso pa tchire la zosiyanasiyanazi si kwakukulu, koma kukhala ndi ubwino wina. Amalemera pafupifupi 150-300 magalamu, ngakhale kuti ambiri amawoneka pamtunda umodzi.
Maonekedwe omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a mbiya, ozungulira. Mtundu wawo wakunja uli ndi violet kwambiri, ndipo mkati mwa thupi muli mtundu woyera. Izi ndizofunikira mnofu weniweni, chifukwa ngakhale uli wandiweyani, uli ndi kukoma mtima kosangalatsa.
Chinanso chinama mitundu ya ulemu:
- Nthawi yayifupi yokolola zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula zosiyanasiyana ngakhale kumpoto.
- Kukhoza kwa mbewu zokolola.
- Kukolola kwakukulu, komanso kukwanira kwa chipatso cha kayendedwe ndi nthawi yosungirako nthawi yaitali.
- Kukhoza kutambasula kumatulutsa kwa nthawi yaitali, kukhala ndi zipatso zatsopano nthawi zonse.
- Zokonzedweratu kwa mitundu yonse ya kuphika ndi kusungidwa.
Maonekedwe sali ozolowereka kwa eggplants, motero amachepetsa kugulitsa kwawo. Ngakhale kuti zambiri zimatengedwa komanso iwo amasungidwa bwino kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti muwerenge za mbeu zabwino kwambiri zabera la Siberia.
Biringanya "Simferopol 12/105" - chozizwitsa chomwe chinapangidwa ndi nyanja ya dzuwa ya Crimea
Pereka zosiyanasiyana za biringanya kwambiri kumene chitsamba chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yapamwamba pamtunda.
Zipatso zipse pakati pakati oyambirira - mu masiku 110-125 a nyengo yokula ya chitsamba. Komabe, izi sizitha kuchepetsa zofunikira zawo ndipo sizichepetsa makhalidwe abwino a chipatso.
Anthu ambiri amakonda zipatso izi kwambiri chifukwa chakuti si zipatso zokha zokha, komanso zokongola kwambiri maonekedwe. Makamaka, kulemera kwa biringanya kamodzi kungapangidwe mapiritsi 250 mpaka 500, omwe, komabe, akhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kusamalidwa bwino ndi nthawi zonse.
Maonekedwe awo sakudziwanso - akhoza kukhala amphindi afupipafupi kapena ovunda. Zithunzizi ndi zofiira kwambiri zofiira kwambiri zomwe zimaoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kodi phindu la mitundu yofotokozedwa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayankhidwa ndi biringanya ndi iti?
- Zipatso zazikulu ndi zipatso zawo zochititsa chidwi.
- Good fruiting chitsamba ndi kudya zipatso kusasitsa.
- Mitundu ya biringanya "Simferopol" ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera caviar ndi kuyika.
Zipatso za zosiyanazi zili ndi cholinga chochepa kwambiri, sizingatheke kumalongeza popanda chithandizo cham'tsogolo. Caviar yapezeka kwa iwo sikusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ntchito yaikulu - kuphika mwamsanga mutatha kukolola.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimabzala mabulangali pamalo otseguka: Dziwani njirayi
Ngakhale kuti iwo ali ofanana ndi ubale ndi munda wamaluwa ambiri, mutabzala eggplants ayenera kuganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Chikhalidwe ichi ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumwera. Kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri kuti phulusa, pamene nthawi ya kutentha sayenera kukhala pansi + 20ºС.
- Mbande obzalidwa kokha pamene kuopsezedwa kwa chisanu kwatha. Mitengo yokhwima imakhalanso ndi mantha ozizira.
- Eggplants silingalekerere kusowa kwa madzi.
- Zomera ziyenera kuyengedwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa, koma maola 12 pa tsiku.
- Nthaka iyenera kusankhidwa ndi kubereka kwapamwamba, komanso kuyera bwino, kuwala.
- Monga zotsatila pa bedi ndi eggplants ziyenera kukhala kaloti, anyezi, nyemba, kabichi oyambirira, mavwende. Sangathe kubzala pambuyo pa tomato kapena tsabola. Biringanya ingakulire pamalo amodzi kamodzi kokha m'zaka zitatu.
Pamene chodzala chikhalidwechi ndi chofunikira kwambiri Sungani bwino nthakaApo ayi, chomera ndi mizu yake zidzakhala zovuta kukula.
Komanso, musanadzalemo bedi sikuti amangokhalira kukumba, koma imabweretsa feteleza wochulukirapo, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri poti ndi pepala. Sikofunika kuti bedi likhale lalikulu kuposa mita imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30.
Musanayambe kubzala mbande, mbatata imatulutsidwa ndi moto wotentha mullein, womwe ungasinthidwe ndi feteleza "Effecton".
Kufesa mbewu za mbande kawirikawiri kumachitidwa mabokosi, omwe ali m'nyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha. Komabe, mungathe kuzifesa bwino pabedi la munda, zisungeni pansi pa filimuyi nthawi zonse.
Mbewu imafesedwa pofika pakati pa mwezi wa March, koma malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana, iwo akhoza kusintha pang'ono.
Kumera mbande za biring'ono pamalo otseguka ziyenera kuchitika kokha pakutha kutentha uku, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya sikugwa pansipa + 15ºС. Izi kawirikawiri zimachokera pa May 25 mpaka June 10.
Kusankha ndondomeko yoyenera kubzala muyenera kulingalira kukula kwa tchire, chifukwa chazing'ono kwambiri mukhoza kuchoka mtunda wa masentimita 30, ndi yaikulu kwambiri komanso yotsika kwambiri - ngakhale 50.
Mzere wa mpanda uyenera kukhala woyenera - kuyambira 60 mpaka 80 centimita. Palibe vuto liyenera kuyambitsa zolima, chifukwa lidzabweretsa zokolola zochepa.
Mbali yaikulu ya chisamaliro cha eggplant: dziwani bwino ndi kuphunzira
- N'zosatheka kulola nthaka compaction, imayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, makamaka mvula yambiri.
- Kuthirira kumapereka zambiri, kuyanika sikuloledwa. Madzi okwanira amawotcha dzuwa.
- Panthawiyi tchire timadyetsedwa katatu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito slurry pachifukwa ichi, chomwe chingasinthidwe ndi manyowa a nkhuku kapena feteleza.
- Namsongole amafunika kukhala ndi udzu nthawi zonse ndikuonetsetsa kuti palibe matenda kapena tizirombo pa zomera, kuti tithe kupirira nawo nthawi yake.
- Kutentha ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse izikhala bwino komanso zimangirire, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwawo.
- Ndi bwino kumanga maofesi a mafilimu pa bedi, omwe amatha kutambasula filimu usiku. Izi zidzateteza zomera ku hypothermia.
