Ndi okongola bwanji viola akuyang'ana mu flowerbeds. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa ambiri a mitundu yake kumapangitsa pansies kukhala wokongola kwa wamaluwa. Maluwa oyambirira, wokongola maluwa ndi mawonekedwe onunkhira okondweretsa aliyense amene ali ndi maluwa okhwima. Ndipo ndi mtundu wanji wa viola umene ungakulire komanso momwe mungasiyanitse pakati pawo, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Viola: kufotokoza za mbewu
Viola ali ndi kufotokoza kwakukulu, komwe kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu - woimira banja la violet. Uwu ndi therere mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba. Tsinde limayima, lalitali kwambiri - mpaka 30 masentimita. Maluwa a chomerachi ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a violet ndipo amasiyana kokha ndi mawonekedwe apadera pakati. Mtundu wa duwa ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Mitengo imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mazira awo aatali komanso oyambirira, omwe amayamba ndi kuwala kozizira koyamba kwa dzuwa ndikumatha mpaka nthawi yophukira yozizira. Sili pachimake m'chilimwe chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira. Odyetsa ali ndi mazana a viola mitundu, iliyonse yapadera.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lake lotchedwa "pansy" maluwa omwe analandiridwa ku Russia. Malinga ndi nthano, maluwa ndi mtsikana Anna, yemwe anali akudikirira wokondedwa wake kwa nthawi yayitali kuti adasanduka duwa.
Mitengoyi imayimilidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe ili ndi mayina okondweretsa, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: otsika pang'ono ndi akuluakulu. Mitengo iyi siimayambitsa mavuto alionse. Momwe mitundu ikuyang'ana komanso momwe tingawasamalire, tidzakambirana zambiri.
Viola Wittrock
Vittrok Viola ndi chomera chomwe chingakusangalatse mu flowerbed kwa chaka, zaka ziwiri kapena zambiri. Amakula kuyambira masentimita 15 mpaka 30 mu msinkhu. Tsinde la Vittroca ndi lolunjika, ndipo mizu ndi fibrous. Masamba amadalira zosiyanasiyana: amatha kusonkhanitsidwa mu rosette kapena kuika phesi pamodzi. Masamba angakhale ophweka kapena ophwanyidwa. Maluwa a Vittroca amakhala aakulu, amakula kuchokera ku axils wa masamba pa woonda peduncles. Flower mawonekedwe angakhale osavuta, terry, wavy kapena corrugated pamphepete. Masamba apamwamba akukongoletsedwa ndi "misomali", pansi - ndi kutulutsa. Maluwa akhoza kukhala ojambula mu mtundu umodzi, ziwiri ndi zina zambiri. 
Ndikofunikira! Kumtchire, amatha kusamba maluwa oposa 25 pa nthawi, yomwe imayamba kuphulika nthawi zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi nthawi yomwe yabzalidwa.
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizodzichepetsa ndipo zimakula bwino m'madera onse awiri komanso pamthunzi wa padera. Kawirikawiri, Vittroke imakula ngati chomera cham'chilimwe, koma ngati mutasankha kusunga izi zosiyanasiyana kwa zaka zingapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kuti imalekerera chisanu ndi kuzizira bwino. Zamasamba zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula maluwa a pansy, ngakhale oyambitsa.
Viola monochrome
Viola monochrome amadziwika chikhalidwe kuyambira 1753. Dziko lakwawo ndi udzu ndi moss-nkhalango zakuda za Siberia ndi Mongolia, tundra ya Far East. Ndi maluwa osatha omwe amakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, yowongoka komanso tsinde kufika 30 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba amakhala okonzedwa m'magulu awiri: tsamba la basal liri lonse, ndi "phokoso" m'mphepete mwake, masamba a tsinde ali kumtunda kwa tsinde, mawonekedwe awo amatha kusiyana ndi mavenda ndi mawonekedwe a mtima, nsonga imatha, ndi mano akulu pamphepete. Viola limamasula kuchokera May mpaka chakumapeto kwa June. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yachikasu, ndi chikasu corollas, mpaka 3 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Viola Uniflora limamasula ndi maluwa amodzi, ngakhale nthawi zina zingakhale ziwiri.Zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chomera chokongola chokongoletsera malire, mabedi a maluwa, zojambulajambula ndi zithunzi za alpine. Viola monochrome imayang'ana bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa okongola a buluu. Kuti viola wanu akhale omasuka mumaluwa anu, mumangokhala ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso malo amdima, ngakhale kuti chomera chimapirira mthunzi bwino.
Viola awiri
Kutchuka kwake viola maulendo awiri akuyenerera chifukwa cha maonekedwe okongola ndi kusamalidwa mosavuta. Amakula mpaka masentimita 30 m'litali, ndipo mzerewo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana mosiyana: mitundu imatha kusintha m'malo mwake, ndipo imatha kusiyana mosiyana, m'malo mosiyana kwambiri. Chizindikiro cha mtundu wa violet awiri ndi chala chake: mtundu uliwonse wa petal umadziwika ndi malo akuluakulu ozungulira, omwe amafanana ndi chala chachindunji ndipo ndiwodabwitsa pamaluwa onse. 
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yamitundu iwiri yotchedwa violets, monga "buluu wa buluu", "Petersburg", "masika a mdima", samapereka masewera.Pakatikati mwa duwa ndi diso, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi pamakhala ndi mtundu. Mtundu uwu wa violet ukhoza kuundana chifukwa cha kuphwanya kutentha. Ngati kutentha kumasungidwa pamlingo womwewo ndipo uli wokwanira, ndiye viola idzasungira mtundu wake, koma ngati kutentha kumakhala pansi pa chizoloŵezi, masambawo amdima. Izi ziyenera kukumbukira kuti maluwa a mitundu iyi angadetsedwe okha chifukwa cha msinkhu. Mukawona madontho a mdima pamakhala, muyenera kutenga masamba owala kwambiri ndi kuwabzala, mwinamwake mutayawonongera zosiyanasiyana.
Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor - mitundu yoyamba yamaluwa, yotchuka pakati pa alimi amaluwa. Chokongola chake chimakhala chifukwa chakuti chomera chikhoza kufalikira malingana ndi nthawi yobzalidwa. Ngati mutabzala viola tricolor nthawi zosiyana, mukhoza kusunga pachimake pa nyengo yonse. Maluwawa amaimiridwa ndi otsika - 20-25 cm, masamba ali pafupi ndi mizu. Mzu ndi fibrous, rhizome imakula pang'onopang'ono 15-20 masentimita. Maluwawo ali ndi makala asanu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana kapena yosiyana. Maluwa a duwa limodzi amatha masiku 6-8. 
Maganizowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi, kulenga zolembedwa kuchokera maluwa pamtundu wobiriwira komanso kukonzekera maluwa ambiri. Malo osauka kwambiri, nthaka yochepa kwambiri - izi ndi zofunika kuti viola tricolor mukhale bwino mu bedi lanu la maluwa.
Zowonjezera viola
Vira onunkhira - zitsamba zosatha, zomwe zimapezeka kumadzulo kwa Russia, ku Crimea ndi ku Caucasus. Viola onunkhira wakula kuyambira 1542. Ndi yosatha, 15-20 masentimita wamtali. Masamba a zomera awa amakhala pafupi kwambiri. Maluwawo ali pamphuno ndipo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri mitundu: zoyera, zofiirira, zofiira ndi pinkish tinge. Viola onunkhira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a zosakaniza, mapiri a alpine. Zimafalikira ndi zomera ndi mbewu. 
Mukudziwa?Dzina lakuti "Odorata" limachokera ku chi Greek chakale "fungo" - fungo.
Pofuna kuti viola onunkhira akukondweretseni ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, m'pofunika kuliyika pamalo amdima, otentha kumene kulibe mphepo yoziziritsa ndi zojambula.
Spotted viola
Mafuta a Viola - oimira violet ofanana ndi mitundu ina. Oimira gululi amasiyana ndi enawo pamakhalidwe amtunduwu. Kawirikawiri, maluwawo ndi opangidwa ndi utoto wofiira ndipo amakhala pautali ndi olimba pedicel, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa ena omwe amaimira violet. Mitundu imeneyi imadziwika mosavuta, chifukwa mawanga pamakhala amaonekera kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya mitundu imeneyi ndi "maso a tiger", "shalom purim", "cassis". 
Ambiri mwa mitundu imeneyi amapatsidwa fungo lokoma, komabe chomeracho chidzamva fungo mosamala: malo abwino, kudyetsa nthawi ndi nthaka yonyowa.
Viola anagwedezeka
Viola anachita - "mwana wamkazi" wa mayi wakale wa ku Ulaya. Amadziwika kuyambira 1776. Tsinde la mbewulo ndilolunjika, 20-25 masentimita wamtali. Masamba ali obiriwira obiriwira, ophweka ndi mawonekedwe. Maluwa amatsuka, 4-5 masentimita awiri. Horned tsvestiviola imayamba kumapeto kwa kasupe (theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May) ndipo ikupitirira mpaka yoyamba yophukira yozizira. Maluwa ake amatha kutuluka kwa chipatso - bokosi la mbewu. 
Mitundu imeneyi imafalikira pamtunda. Kumalo amodzi ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba chingakhale ndi moyo zaka 4-5.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale bwino nyengo yozizira hardiness, zimalimbikitsidwa kuphimba chomera m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka ngati nyengo yozizira yopanda chisanu.Mitundu ya Viola ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyana, yomwe imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu ndipo imafalikira kwambiri ku England. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- "Alba" (woyera)
- "Ruby Arkwright" (maluwa ofiira a ruby, okongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akuda pansi pa petal)
- "Belmont Blu" (dzina limanena zonse: buluu)
- "Lilatsina" (lilac maluwa)
- "Phulusa lakuda" (pinki yakuda)
- "Helen Mount" (buluu lofiirira)
Viola williams
Viola Williams - osatha chomera, koma nthawi zambiri wamkulu ngati zaka ziwiri chikhalidwe. Zili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba ndipo zimakula msinkhu wa masentimita 20. Ngati zomera zambiri zimabzalidwa pafupi, mungapeze chophimba chokongola kwambiri. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono - 3-4 masentimita awiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amajambula pamitundu ya buluu. Zitsamba zimamasula kwambiri, pakati pa masika ndi chilimwe. Pofuna kuwonjezera nthawi ya maluwa, maluwa othamanga ndi mphukira ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndipo chisamaliro chiri mu kuthirira kwa nthawi yake (makamaka nyengo yotentha) ndi kupanga feteleza pa nthawi. 
Chifukwa cha maluwa oyambirira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, viola yakhala pachimake cha kutchuka kwake kwa zaka zambiri ndipo yatseketsa chidwi cha obereketsa. Kusamalira mwaluso kwa mbeuyo kudzakhala kukongola kwenikweni kwa khonde lanu, mabedi a maluwa ndi zokongola kuwonjezera pa maluwa.
