Mndandanda wa zigawo ndi mitundu ya primroses

Mitundu ya mitundu ya mtundu wa primrose imakhudza mitundu yonse ya mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 550, ndipo ntchito ya asayansi pa kuswana kwa mitundu yatsopano siimaima. Kuti mubwezeretse dongosolo mu kuchulukako, ndikofunikira kugawa mitundu ya primrose kukhala zigawo. Zina mwa izo zimaphatikiza mitundu yofanana ndi zina.

Mukudziwa? Popeza primrose imatchedwa primrose ndi maluwa, inasonkhana mu inflorescence ngati mawonekedwe a makiyi, anthu ambiri a Asilavic amadziwika ndi makiyi omwe amatsegula njira yopita ku ufumu wobiriwira mu chilimwe. Ndipo ku Germany iwo amati iwo ndi mafungulo a ukwati.

Gawo la Mealy Primrose

Kusankhidwa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo mitundu 90 ya zomera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chikasu choyera kapena choyera pamasamba, makamaka kuchokera pansi. Maluwa ndi lilac, wofiirira, wachikasu kapena woyera. Maluwa amaluwa amakhala ofupika kuposa ma calyx pals. Zomera ndi zabwino. Kwenikweni, mitundu yambiri ndi nyumba ku Asia. Chomera chimakula bwino mu dothi lochepetsedwa lomwe lili ndi humus kwambiri ndipo limakhala ndi chinyezi. Zomera zimafuna malo ogonera. Kusankhidwa kumaphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Primula ya ku Norway (R. finmarchica) ndi zomera zosatha mpaka masentimita 20. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kapena a pinki, amaikidwa pautali wa peduncles wa 3-5 zidutswa mu ambulera inflorescences. Masamba akusonkhanitsidwa mu rosette. Amakula kuchokera kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya kupita ku dera la tundra. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi June-July.
• Mealy Primula (R. farinosa) ndi chimanga chosatha cha mtundu. Amakula 15-20 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi 8 cm masentimita, okongoletsedwa bwino pamphepete, ali ndi malaya oyera. Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 1 masentimita amapanga ambulera. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala ndi lilac kapena yoyera ndi malo a chikasu. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi May-June. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala amtundu wa dermatitis ndi kuwonjezera tsitsi kukula.
• Daryal primula (R. darialica);
• Haller's Primula (R. halleri);
• Primula Hungen (R. chungensis);
• Scottish primrose (R. scotica);
• Kupatsa tsamba (Prives leafy) (R. frondosa);
• Chipale chofewa (R. nivalis);
• Msampha wa Siberia (R. sibirica);
• The primrose ndi yozizira (R. algida) ndi ena.

Chigawo OREOPHLOMIS

Chigawochi chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosatha ya primroses ndi kukula kwa maluwa aang'ono ndi apakati. Nthawi yamaluwa imachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mbali yawo yosiyana ndi masamba osalala omwe ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pamphepete ndi maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi pakati. Woimira gawo lino ndi

• Mphuno yamaluwa (R. Rosea) - chomera chokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki maluwa peduncles 12-15 masentimita wamtali. Maluwa amapezeka mu May. Masamba amayamba kukulirakulira pokhapokha atatha maluwa ndikukhala wobiriwira. Imafuna nthaka yochepetsetsa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana pogawanitsa chitsamba m'nyengo yoyambirira ya chilimwe kapena mbewu.

Gawo lachibadwa

Chigawochi chikuphatikiza mitundu 21 ya primroses, yomwe dziko lawo limaonedwa kuti ndi Europe. Zomera zimadzaza ndi pinki, lilac, maluŵa ofiira okhala ndi malo oyera kapena achikasu. Masamba ndi okoma, ndipo zimayambira ndi maluwa zili ndi maluwa. Zomera zimabala ndi mbewu zomwe zafesedwa mu kugwa, ndipo zimamera m'chaka kapena magawo a rhizomes. Pambuyo pofesa, m'pofunikanso kuwaza mbeu ndi mchenga wochepa. Taganizirani oimira akulu a gawo ili:

• Phokoso la khutu kapena auricular (R. ariculaL.) - mbewu yopanda ulemu komanso yozizira-yolimba. Amakonda munda wamtendere, dothi lachonde lokhala ndi calcium, ndi malo a dzuwa kapena a mthunzi. Chimera chofala kwambiri chomwe chinapezeka ku England. Masambawo amakhala obiriwira, obiriwira, ndi cloves pamphepete. Maonekedwe a chilengedwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu, ndipo hybrids ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• The pubes primrose (R. x pubescensJacq.) - ndi wosakanizidwa wa auricular primrose. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana chinachokera ku mitundu iyi. Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'Belgium primroses (yopanda phula la poddery, lala kapena lachiwiri ndi diso la chikasu), Chingerezi (pamodzi ndi mealy patina, maluwa ndi maso oyera ndi mikwingwirima yochokera pakati), terry.
• Chotsani mankhwala (R. clusiana);
• Mphungu yotsitsimula (Mzere wotsitsimulaAll, P. rubraF. Gmel.);
• Primula Carnioli (R. carniolica);
• The primrose ndi yaing'ono (P.minima);
• Zopatsa phokoso (P. Marginata).

Chigawo cha Cortus Primrose

Gawo likuphatikiza mitundu 24 ya primroses. Bzalani chopanda phula la powdery. Masamba ali ndi petioles, ndipo maluwa ndi ofanana ndi mapepala. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yosavuta kukula mu dothi lachonde dzuwa ndi mthunzi wache. Zimafalikira ndi mbewu, ndi Siebold padera - pogawa magawo a rhizomes. Akuluakulu omwe amaimira gawo lino ndi awa:

• Primula Cortus (R. cortusoides) - ndi omwe amavomereza gawoli ndipo amapezeka ku Ulaya kupita ku Siberia. Ili ndi rhizome yaifupi yozungulira. Masambawa ali ozungulira mawonekedwe a serrated, omwe amaikidwa pa petioles. Pamalo ochepa a pubescent peduncles (10-40 masentimita) magetsi oplorescences a mtundu wofiira amaikidwa. Maluwawo ali ndi pakati kwambiri ndipo sapitirira 2 masentimita awiri. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi May-June kwa masiku 35-40.
• Dothi la miyala (R. saxatilis) - osatha chomera mpaka mamita 30 cm. Maluwa a mtundu wa lilac. Masamba aphatikizana m'mphepete ndi makwinya a makwinya. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi April-June. Chimafuna chisanu chopinga. Amakonda malo okongola, otayirira, otentha, ndi malo a dzuwa. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapiri okongola. Kusakaniza kungawononge poizoni.
• The primrose ndi mitsempha yambiri (P. polyneura);
• Kutsutsa kunatsutsidwa (R. patens Turcz);
• Zibold's primula (R. sieboldii).

Gawo Primrose ya Dzino

Gawoli limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya primroses, yomwe maluwa ake amasonkhanitsidwa mu lalikulu capitate inflorescence. Akuluakulu omwe amaimira gawo lino ndi awa:

• Kupatsa mpweya wabwino (R. denticulata Smith) - China imaganiziridwa kuti ndi malo obadwira. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mazira chikasu. Zitsulo zazitsamba ndi zazikulu, zobiriwira zobiriwira, panthawi ya maluwa zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 20, ndipo zitatha maluwa - mpaka masentimita 40. Ma peduncles amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 20-25 pa maluwa. Maluwa ndi oyera, afiira kapena a lilac. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi April kwa masiku 30-40. Kufalikira kwa mbewu kumapambana. Chimafotokoza nyengo yozizira yolimba. Amakonda malo a dzuwa komanso mthunzi wache.
• Chotsani chithunzithunzi (R. Capitata).

Julia gawo

Mitundu imodzi yokha ndi zowonjezera zake zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo:

• Primula Yulia (R. juliaeKusn.) - chomera msinkhu wa masentimita 10. Khomali ndi lalifupi, loft-like, brownish mu mtundu. Masamba ndi oboola, obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mano pamphepete, amaikidwa pa petioles yaitali. Peduncles woonda - mpaka 15 cm wamtali. Maluwa amatha kufika masentimita atatu, amakonza umodzi ndi umodzi ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Flower chubu ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2. Maluwa nthawi - April-May. Amatchula mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosauka komanso yosalala.
• Prigula Pruhonitskaya (R. x pruhonicianahort.) - Julia hybrids, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya mitundu.

Gawo la Muscario

Chigawochi chikuphatikiza mitundu 17, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescences monga mawonekedwe azitali. Asia imatengedwa malo obadwira a mitundu iyi. Zomera ndi za biennials, kotero kuti maluwa apachaka ndi kofunika kubzala zomera zatsopano pachaka. Kusamalira kumaphatikiza madzi okwanira pa nyengo yokula komanso malo ogona.

• Primula Viala (R. vialii) - amatanthauza zomera zosatha. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 50 cm. Inflorescences ndi spiciform, lilac-pinki mtundu. Masambawa ndi aakulu, atakwinya. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi June-July kwa masiku 30-40. Imafuna malo achonde, osasunthika, osungunuka bwino komanso malo osasungunuka. M'nyengo yozizira amafunika malo ogona.
• Muskarevid primrose (R. muscarioides).

Chigawo cha Primrose

Gawoli likuphatikiza mitundu yosavuta-kukula-kukula ya primroses popanda kupopera mankhwala powdery. Anabwezeretsanso mitundu iyi ya mbewu ndi kulekana kwa tchire.

Chigawochi chikuphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Kukongola kosangalatsa (R. amoena) - kumatanthauza zomera zosatha. Amamera ku Caucasus ndi ku Turkey. Amakafika kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Masambawa ali oboola pakati, mpaka masentimita 7, ndi mapepala afupi ndi mano abwino pamphepete. Pamwamba - opanda, pansi - zowoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa peduncle kumafikira masentimita 18. Maluwa okometsera amasonkhanitsidwa mu umbande umodzi wa umbellate inflorescence. Pa peduncle mpaka 10 maluwa ndi awiri a 2-2.5 cm.
• Zopanda malire (R. vulgaris) zimakula kumadzulo ndi ku Central Europe, ku Middle East, ku Small ndi Central Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa. Masamba a chomera ndi a lanceolate, ena a iwo amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Zimadutsa pafupifupi masentimita 20, zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi a chikasu choyera kapena choyera, ndi mtundu wofiirira, mpaka mamita 4 masentimita. Mukhozanso kubzala mu September.
• Kuthamanga kwambiri (R. elatior);
• Abkhazian Primula (R. abchasica);
• Primula Voronova (R. woronowii);
• Primula Pallas (R. pallasii);
• Primula Komarova (R. komarovii) ndi ena.

Candelabra Primrose Gawo

Chigawochi chikuphatikizapo mitundu 30 ya primroses. Pamwamba pa peduncles m'chilimwe amawonekera inflorescences, omwe amasungidwa m'mphete, kotero chomeracho chimatchedwa candelabra primrose.. Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Gawoli likuphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Primula wa ku Japan (R. japonica) - Japan ndi zilumba za Kuril zikuonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira. Pa mkulu peduncle 40-50 masentimita yaitali maluwa okongola kapena oyera amaikidwa tiers. Mabomba awa akhoza kukhala zidutswa 4-5. Chomera chimamera mu June ndi July. Imafuna nthaka yachonde yonyowa yomwe ili ndi penumbra ndi mthunzi. Maluwa amataya kuwala kwawo dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira amafunika malo ogona. Kuwaza zomera bwino kumachitika mwamsanga maluwa - mu August.
• Mphuno yowonjezera (R. pulverulenta) - madera a ku China amaonedwa ngati malo obadwira. Mtundu wodabwitsa wa mitundu imeneyi ndi maluwa owongoka pamtunda ndi masamba a zomera. Chimodzi mwa zokongoletsa kwambiri za candelabra primroses.
• Bissa mpweya (R. beesiana);
• Kokburna primula (P. coekburniana);
• Primula Bulley (R. bulleyana), ndi ena.

Ndikofunikira! Choponderetsacho chiri ndi mchere wa manganese. Masamba a chomera amakhala olemera mu ascorbic acid ndi carotene, kotero amadyedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ma rhizomes ali ndi saponins, mafuta ofunikira, glycosides. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala chomera cha rheumatism, matenda opuma, monga diuretic. Mabokosi a masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimfine, kusowa tulo, kumutu.

Mitengo ya Primrose

Alangizi a ku Germany adapanga magawo mitundu yoyamba malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi malo a primrose inflorescences.

Sungani

Gululi likuphatikizapo mitundu ya primroses yokhala ndi imodzi yokha, yomwe imakhala pamwamba pa masamba.

• Primula Voronova (R. Woronovvii);
• Prugonitskaya primula (R. x pruhoniciana);
• Kupatsa ulemu wamba kapena wopanda pake (R. vulgaris = P. Acaulis);
• Primula Julia (R. Juliae);
• Choponderetsa n'chochepa (R. Minima).

Mukudziwa? Wokonda kwambiri wamkulu anali Catherine Catherine Wamkulu. Iye ankakonda kwenikweni kusonkhanitsidwa kwa malembo a akuluakulu, ndipo iye mosangalala anamupereka kwa mfumuyo. Tsiku lotsatira, msonkhanowu wonse unatengedwa kupita ku Winter Garden ku St. Petersburg.

Zofanana ndi mbumbulu

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya primroses, maluwa omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera imodzi. Kutalika kwa peduncle, yomwe imatuluka pamwamba pa rosette ya masamba, ndi 20 cm.

• Kupuma kwachitsulo (R. Veris);
• Siebold Primula kapena kukanidwa (R. sieboldii = R. Patens);
• Kuthamanga kwambiri (R. Elatior);
• A primrose ndi polyanthic kapena primrose multi-flowered (R. Poliantha);
• Kupatsa pinki (R. Rosea);
• Phokoso lamakutu kapena lachangu (R. Auricula).

Capitolate kapena globose

Gululi limagwirizanitsa mitundu ya primroses, yomwe maluwa ake amasonkhanitsidwa mu wandiweyani caplorescences. Peduncle ndi wandiweyani, ndipo pa maluwa kutalika kwake kumafikira 20 cm, ndipo mu nthawi ya fruiting mpaka 45 masentimita.

• Chombo chachitukuko (R. Capitata);
• Kupatsa mpweya wabwino (R. Denticulata).

Tiered

Makondomu a gulu lino ali ndi maulendo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi tiers angapo. Zidzakhala zolimba komanso zofanana ndi mawonekedwe a candelabra.

• Bissa Primula (R. Beesiana);
• Bullei Primula (R. Bulleyana);
• Mpweya wambiri (R. Pulverulenta);
• Kupembedza kwa Japan (R. Japonica).

Makhalidwe a Bell

Gululi limaphatikizapo maluwa okongola omwe amapezeka pamtunda wa makasitomala.

Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi:

• Primula Florinda (P. florindae);
• Sikkim Primrose (P. Sikldmensis).

• Primula Cortus (R. Cortusoides);
• Primula Komarova (R. Komarowii);
• Msampha wa Siberia (R. Sibirica);
• Mealy Primula (R. farinosa);
• Primula Ruprecht (P. ruprechtii);
• Primula Orchid kapena Vialla (R. Vialii);
• Phula lalikulu (P. Macrocalyx);
• Norwegian Primula (P. Finmarchica);
• Primula Pallas (R. Pallasii);
• Kupatsa mphoto (R. margininata);
• Chipale chofewa (R. Nivalis);
• Chionanta primula (P.chionantha);
• Kuzizira kozizira (R. Algida);
• Scottish primrose (R. Scotica).

Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri asayansi amanena kuti mapulaneti amadziŵika kuti mapulaneti akuphulika. Zimadziwika kuti pachilumba cha Java Royal primrose limamasula pokhapokha kutuluka kwa mphukira. Zimakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha izi ndi luso la akupanga kuthamanga kumene kumathamangitsa kayendetsedwe ka madzimadzi mu zomera, zomwe zimabweretsa kusayembekezereka maluwa.

Primrose imaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zowonjezera: sizikufunira mutakula, zimakhala ndi maluwa oyambirira komanso aatali, zimagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, ndipo mitundu yawo imakhutitsa ngakhale wolima bwino kwambiri.