Anise ndi chomera chodabwitsa chomwe chiri ndi zokometsera-zokoma ndi zofukiza. Chomeracho, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika, mankhwala a pharmacology, cosmetology ndi mankhwala a zamankhwala, chakhala chikulemekeza chuma chake pakati pa mamiliyoni a anthu.
Masiku ano, nyerere imalimidwa pafupifupi m'mayiko onse a dziko lapansi, ndizilombo zokha ku Greece. Podziwa malamulo angapo osavuta, aliyense wa ife akhoza kukula chikhalidwe chokhachi.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ankadziwa za kukhalapo kwa anise kuyambira kale. Panthawiyo, m'nyumba zambiri, ming'oma yamagetsi ankamangidwa pamutu pa bedi kuti ayeretse mlengalenga ndikuletsa zowonongeka. Mu Middle Ages, nyerere inali yamtengo wapatali ndipo inalipira ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma 1400 ku London, ndalama zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa pamisonkho yogulitsa nsalu, zinakonza Thames Bridge.
Anise wamba: kufotokoza
Anise wamba (zonunkhira, tsabola, nyerere) - Ichi ndi chomera chokoma chaka chilichonse. Ali ndi dzina lake kuchokera ku anison yachi Greek, komanso Agiriki amatcha kuti ganij, jire, chitowe chokoma, mbewu ya mkate.
Dziko la nyerere silidziwika bwino: ena amakhulupirira kuti iye akuchokera ku Asia Minor, ena ochokera ku Igupto kapena ku mayiko a Mediterranean. Mmerawu uli ndi tsinde lolunjika ndi kutalika kwa 60-70 masentimita ndi ang'onoang'ono maambulera maluwa.
Anise ali ndi zakudya zambiri komanso amatsatanetsatane, kufotokozera kwa mankhwalawa kungapangitse chithunzithunzi chamtengo wapatali komanso fennel. Lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri - 19%, mpaka 23% mafuta obiriwira, mpaka 3% chakudya, shuga, ndi zothandiza mafuta acids, kuphatikizapo khofi.
Anis ali ndi njira zambiri zochiritsira ndipo amathandiza ndi migraines, bronchitis, mphumu, chifuwa, chibayo, laryngitis, impso, chikhodzodzo, flatulence, m'mimba matenda, mtima, komanso amatsitsimutsa ndi kubwezeretsa zotsatira.
Anise amagawidwa kwambiri m'magulitsiro, chomwe chiri, lero amadziwa pafupifupi pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse. Ngakhale Aroma akale anazindikira kuti nyere imathandizira kuvulaza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ulemu, kotero anayamba kuwonjezerapo pafupifupi mbale iliyonse yolemetsa.
Anise amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya zamabotolo, zamchere, saladi, nsomba ndi mbale za nyama. Komanso, ngati nthanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, ndiye zipatso (mu mchere), mbali zobiriwira (mu saladi ndi mbale zotsalira), ndipo mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Chifukwa cha nyerere, mbale sizingatheke kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo sichimawoneka bwino, kusunga kukoma kokoma ndi zonunkhira.
Ndikofunikira! Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito zolima, musasokoneze nyenyezi (nyenyezi yowonetsa nyenyezi) ndi anise wamba. Izi ndi zomera zosiyana, ngakhale zonsezo ndi zonunkhira. Iwo ali ndi kukoma komweko, koma kuyang'ana kosiyana ndi kukoma.
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola, kusankha malo ndi kukonzekera dothi
Tsopano tiyang'anitsitsa momwe tingabzalitsire ndi kukulira tsabola kunyumba.
Kumene mungabzalidwe tsabola
Anis ndi chomera chosasinthasintha ndi cha thermophilic, mosasamala kanthu kuti chimadabwitsa bwanji. Choncho, pofuna kukula bwino kwa nyerere, ndi bwino kufesa malo abwino kwambiri kumadera akumwera chakumwera ndi kum'mwera.
Mitundu ya anise ndi thandizo la mbewu zomwe zimamera kutentha kwa 5 ... +8 ° C, koma kutentha kwakukulu kwa izo ndi 20 ... +25 ° C. Komabe, zomera zazing'ono zimatha ngakhale kusamutsa kutentha kwa -5 ° -7.
Ndibwino kuti mutha kubzala malo omwe kale munali ndiwo zamasamba kapena zomera zokongola.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala
Malo omwe amasankhidwa kuti abwerere akuyenera kukonzekera mu kugwa, isanayambike kuyamba kwa chisanu: Dulani 25-30 cm ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Anise ndi chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri, choncho kubereka kwake kumapangidwa bwino mu dothi la mchenga, lolemera mu nthaka yakuda ndi kuchuluka kokhala ndi mandimu ndi humus.
Komanso, nyerere imakonda nthaka yotayirira yomwe imapindula ndi phosphorous, yomwe imapangitsa zokolola komanso mafuta oyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Dothi lolimba ndi lochepetsetsa siloyenera kubzala. Ndizosatheka kubzala tsabola pamalo omwe cilantro amakula, chifukwa ali ndi matenda ofanana ndi tizirombo.
Kubzala tsabola
Ngakhale kuti mbeuyo imakhala yozizira kwambiri, siziyenera kufulumira ndi kudyetsa tsabola, chifukwa nthaka yozizira imabweretsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi chitukuko cha matenda.
Maganizo odzala "zitsamba zodabwitsa"
Mbeu ya anise imafesedwa masika, mwina ikhoza kumapeto kwa March - April. Panthawiyi, nthaka imatentha kwambiri pambuyo pa chisanu cha chisanu.
Ngakhale mu April kulibe frosts, sizowopsya, nyamayi imayimitsa. Kubzala mbewu ndikofunikira kuti dothi liziwombera, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo imakhala yokwanira mokwanira.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu za kubzala
Mbewu imakula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha chipolopolo chawo chachikulu, chomwe sichidutsa madzi ndi mpweya mowirikiza, komanso chifukwa cha mafuta ofunika kwambiri mu zipatso zosavuta.
Mbewu kumera imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nthaka kutentha. Ngati ali otsika kwambiri (+ 3-4 ° С), ndiye kuti mbewuzo zidzamera patatha masiku 25-30, ngati ndizitali (+ 10-12 ° С), ndiye kuti mphukira yoyamba idzaonekera masabata awiri.
Asanafese mbewu, ayambe ayesedwa m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa ... 16 ° C kwa maola 3-4, kusintha madzi tsiku lililonse. Ndiye mbewu zimayenera kukulunga mu nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndikugwiranso masiku ena 2-3 kutentha kwa 18 ... +22 ° С.
Mbewu 4-5% ikayamba kumera, imafunika kufalikira pansalu yophimba pang'onopang'ono ndi kuuma pang'ono, kuyambitsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Komanso, mbewu ziyenera kukhala ndizowonjezereka m'firiji kwa masiku pafupifupi 20.
Izi ndi zofunika kuti mbeu izigwiritsidwe bwino ngati padzakhala kutsika kapena kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, komwe kawirikawiri kumawonekera masika. Pambuyo pokonzekera, mbeu zimamera masiku 10-11 mutabzala.
Anise kufesa malamulo
Pa tsiku lomwelo, mukakonza kubzala tsabola, muyenera kumasula nthaka ndikupanga superphosphate. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, muyenera kufesa mbewu mumzere, pamtunda wa 35-45 masentimita pakati pawo.
Kuthira kwakukulu sikuposa 1.5-2.5 masentimita. Kenaka dothi likulumikizidwa. Nthawi yobzala imatha masiku 150. Pakatha masabata awiri kutuluka mphukira, amafunika kuchepetsedwa mtunda wa masentimita 10-15.
Mukudziwa? Yambani bwino kubzala pafupi ndi njuchi. Izi sizidzapindulitsa chomera chokha, komanso njuchi yokha: nyerere ndibwino kwambiri chomera uchi.
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa zokhudza kusamalira anise
Chomeracho chimafuna chisamaliro choyenera: kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, kudyetsa ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Ndikofunika kufufuza mosamala momwe nyerere ikukula, monga momwe chinyezi chimakhala chochuluka, nthawi zambiri mvula ndi zinyalala zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi zokolola zochepa.
Matenda a inflorescences ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa zobiriwira, maluwa atsopano amawombera kutsitsa kapena kudula. Panthawi ya kumera, zowonjezerapo zimapangidwa ndi organic feteleza ndi mchere wochepa.
Anise: nthawi komanso momwe mungakolole
Nthaŵi yosonkhanitsira anise imakhala pakati ndi kumapeto kwa August. Komabe, musanasonkhanitse tsabola, mudziwe cholinga chomwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito. Zolinga zophikira, mutha kusonkhanitsa nthaka yobiriwira mbali ya mbeu musanayambe maluwa.
Masamba osowa amafunika kuwuma pang'ono: pang'onopang'ono muzidula zimayambira ndi masamba ndikuuma mu chipinda chabwino cha mpweya wabwino. Kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino, sakanizani chosalephereka kapena mutenge mtolo ndi kuupachika mumthunzi.
Mbewu imakololedwa pamene tsinde la zomera limasanduka chikasu, ndipo zipatso za anise zidzasintha mthunzi wa bulauni. Kenaka chomeracho chimadulidwa, chomangirizidwa m'magulu ndipo chimapachikidwa kuti chikhale mumthunzi. Asanayambe, mbeu zimatsukidwa ndi zopanda phindu ndi kupunthidwa.
Sungani nyembazo mu phukusi losindikizidwa kapena matumba achikopa m'malo ouma ndi ozizira omwe sungakhale ndi dzuwa. Kotero kukoma kwa zonunkhira kudzasungidwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndi machitidwe akunja abwino ndikutsata malamulo onse a chisamaliro cha zomera, ndi masentimita 10. M mbewu mungapeze kilogalamu, ndipo nthawi zina mbewu zambiri.
Kukolola mbewu za anise chifukwa cha mankhwala akuchitika mu September, pambuyo poti maambulera oyambirira akukhala bulauni. Mbeu zouma panja kapena mu dryer kutentha kosadutsa 50 ° C. Mbeu ya anise imasungidwa mu chidebe chosindikizidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu.
