Orchid - imodzi mwa zomera zovuta kwambiri zamaluwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amaluwa ambiri amanena kuti ndi Mbalame ya Orchid yomwe ndi yokongola komanso yosavuta kusamalira.
M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za momwe tingasamalire chomera kunyumba, njira zobereka, komanso za tizirombo ndi matenda zomwe zingakhudze kukongola kwazitentha.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane
Ng'ombe - imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya orchid. Maluwa ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka wamkulu, ndipo mtundu wawo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira. Amakhalanso ndi "lipomo", lomwe limasiyana ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Kawirikawiri mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lake losangalatsa.
Mu masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mukhoza kugula wosakanizidwa Cattley, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa masika ndi autumn. Kugawanika kumeneku kumadalira nyengo ya maluwa. Komanso, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa orchid umasinthidwa kukhala wokonzedwanso.
Mu masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mungathe kugula mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Cattleyas, womwe umakhala wogawidwa m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Kugawanika kumeneku kumadalira nyengo ya maluwa. Komanso, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa orchid umasinthidwa kukhala wokonzedwanso.
Dziko lakwawo ndi South ndi Central America. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, maluwawa anapezeka koyamba ndi Azungu ndipo mwamsanga anayamba kutchuka. M'dzikoli muli mitundu yokwana 65 ya mitundu iyi. Izi zimatanthawuza za epiphytic, chifukwa zimakula pamwamba pa mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mapiri.
Kuchokera pa kanema mungathe kuona kufotokoza kwa katemera wam'madzi:
Mbiri ya
Ng'ombe ndi chomera chokha. Maluwa awa amakula m'chilengedwe pa miyala ndi mitengo. Nthawi zambiri maluwa awo aakulu amakhalabe atsopano kwa nthawi yaitali. Kumapeto kwa XIX - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX, madontho akuluakulu adayamba kukula kwambiri kuti akongoletse masewera a ballroom ndi madzulo. Mwambo umenewu ukadali wamoyo, makamaka ku United States.
Mtunduwu unatchulidwa pambuyo pa W. Catley, mwiniwake wa maluwa oyamba a orchid ku England. Anali iye amene, mu 1818, anazindikira koyamba Cattleya labiata (Cattleya labiata) - orchid yomwe inayamba kukhala "chiwombankhanga" mu dziko lamapiri.
Maofesi ndi zithunzi zawo
Pakalipano, pali mitundu yamoyo 65 ya nyama zamtchire, kuphatikizapo, mitundu yambiri ya zomera zosakanizidwa yakhala ikudziwika: mitundu interspecific ndi mitundu yozungulira. Zina mwa izo zikhoza kupezeka ngati mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe kukula kwake sikudutsa masentimita angapo, komanso zomera zokhala ndi maluwa aakulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Sizingatheke kukumana ndi nyongolotsi zakutchire, kupatula zakuda ndi zakuda.
Pa mitundu yambirimbiri ya zamoyo, ife timalembetsa okha otchuka kwambiri.
Bicolor
Ili ndi mtundu wofiira wamitundu yofiira ndi mafi-wofiira-bulauni. Amakula mpaka 60 cm mu msinkhu.
Bowring ng'ombeya
Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika masentimita 70 m'litali, ndipo kawirikawiri pansi pa zinthu zozungulira kukula sikudutsa 35 cm. Mtundu wa pinki umasiyana ndi chikasu chowala kufiira milomo.
Ng'ombe za forbesii
Chomera chochepa chikukula ku Brazil. Sitikukula pamwamba pa masentimita 20. Maluwa ndi ochepa, obiriwira ndi bulauni kapena piritsi loyera.
Cattleya labiata
Odziwika ndi maluwa okongola a pinki kapena ofiirira omwe ali ndi chifuwa chofiirira ndi chikasu. Maluwawo ndi aakulu kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 20.
Cattleya Varshevicha kapena Giant
Mtsinje wa Cattleya wochokera ku Colombia. Ili ndi tsinde lalikulu (likhoza kufika 25 masentimita awiri) ndi maluwa onunkhira. Mtundu uli woyela kapena wofiirira-pinki wokhala ndi wavy wa lipu wofiirira ndi chikasu.
Malangizo Othandizira Pakhomo
Kukonzekera ndi mphika
Mtengo wa Cattley gawo ndi khungwa loyera popanda zowonjezera. Koma kuti dothi likhale lachonde komanso lokhazikika, mukhoza kuwonjezera zigawo zina. Izi zingakhale: sphagnum moss, makala kapena peat. Choyenera kwa mtundu wa orchid uwu ndi mphika wounikira womwe sungatenge kuwala. Kuonjezera apo, ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, okongola, chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana zotengerazo, mungasankhe zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukoma kwanu ndi kukula kwake.
Kutentha
Ng'ombe ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa. Zambiri mwa chaka, kuyambira ku kasupe mpaka autumn, kutentha kwakukulu kwa duwa ndi 22% + madigiri 25 masana ndi 17 ... madigiri angapo usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala + 16-18 madigiri. Zina mwa mitundu ya Cattleya imatha kulekerera kutentha ngakhale kutsika, koma osati pa maluwa. Pa maluwa zambiri madzi okwanira ali osavomerezeka kupewa kutaya kwa mizu.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba. Katemera, kupopera mbewu ndi madzi osungunuka kutentha kwabwino ndi othandiza. Chitani njirayi bwino m'mawa kapena madzulo, makamaka m'chilimwe.
Zokonza magetsi
Monga zomera zonse zam'madera otentha, orchids amakonda kuwala. Zomera zambiri zimatha maola angapo patsiku mozungulira dzuwa, popanda kutenthedwa, kupatula nthawi yopuma masana, pamene dzuwa limagwira ntchito. Onetsetsani kufunika kwa ma orchids mu kuwala kungakhale pamkhalidwe wa masamba.
Pomwe kuwala kumakhala kobiriwira, ndizobiriwira kwambiri, zikakhala zowonongeka, zimakhala zachikasu, ndipo ngati palibe dzuwa, masamba ake amawomboledwa mumdima wobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kuwala kwachilengedwe sikukwanira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kwapangidwe, monga nyali za fulorosenti.
Kuthirira
Kuthira kwa maluwa a orchid kumachitika pamene gawo la pamwamba la substrate limauma. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka siuma, chifukwa ikhoza kuchepetsa maluwa. Madzi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha.
Njira yabwino yodyetsera Cattley ndiyo kumiza mphika mu chidebe cha madzi kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuphatikiza pa njirayi, makamaka mu chipinda chopanda kanthu, mungagwiritse ntchito zida zowononga kapena malo ophikira pamtsuko ndi dothi lonyowa. Mukamwetsa, ndikofunika kulingalira nthawi ya kukula kwa orchid, ngati nthawi ya maluwa - ndiye kutsirira kungakhale kochuluka, panthawi yopumula - moyenera.
Madzi pa ulimi wothirira sayenera kugwera pa masamba ndi tsinde, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kusungunuka bwino, ndi bwino kupanga nsalu yapadera ya orchids.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kudyetsa ziweto kumafuna:
- Pa kukula kwa pseudobulb.
- Pamene duwa limamera.
- Pamene orchid ikuphuka, feteleza sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Manyowa ayenera kukhala apadera kwa orchids, ndipo makamaka mvetserani maonekedwe awo. Nkhokwe, chovala chokongoletsera ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Kuwaza
Kattleya sakonda ndipo salola kulemba, koma izi zichitike kamodzi pachaka. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za kuika m'mitengo ndi nthaka oxidation. Chinthu chovuta kwambiri chimene mungakumane nacho pamene mizu ya chomera imatuluka mumphika. Izi zingakhale zovuta makamaka ngati duwa lakula kale ndipo mizu yakula kwambiri. Ngati orchid ikukula mumphika wokongola, iyenera kukhala yosasinthika kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, kenako itachotsedwa mosamala.
Ngati chidebecho chikulemera, muyenera kuyika chida, mwachitsanzo mpeni, muzitsulo ndikuyesera kuti mukhale chotengera kufikira mutakhala ovuta kuchoka pamakoma. Pambuyo potsatiridwa ndi orchid, m'pofunika kuyeretsa mizu ya gawo lapansi.
- Kuti zikhale zosavuta, muyenera kuika duwa m'madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 15-20.
- Kenaka timatsuka mizu: kuigwira m'madzi ndi dzanja limodzi, panthawi imodzimodziyo timachotsa mizu yolumikizidwa kumbali yosiyana.
- Ngati pali zowola kapena zowuma mumzuwu, ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndi zipangizo zopanda kanthu ndipo kenako zimatetezedwa kuti zisatetezedwe.
Musanadzalemo m'nthaka yatsopano, chomeracho chiyenera kuuma. M'chilimwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito khonde kapena gazebo.
Mu kanema mungathe kuwona momwe mungapititsire bwino Katemera:
Kodi mungabereke bwanji?
Chomeracho chikuchulukana pogawanitsa chitsamba, kukhala ndi mababu 8-10.
- Musanayambe kuswana, muyenera kukonzekera mphika watsopano ndi chithandizo cha mbewu. Phika ndi gawo lapansi liyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi otentha kwa kanthawi.
- Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuyeretsa mizu ya mizu yowonongeka ndi mababu.
- Sungani mosamala shrub mu zikhomo, mukumbukira kuti osachepera kamodzi, mizu yambiri ndi mababu atatu amafunika pa mbali imodzi. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa chitsamba ziyenera kuzilombola pofuna kuteteza matenda.
- Chotsatira chotsiriza ndikuyika mizu yomwe imapezeka m'miphika yambiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu ina ya tizirombo ingakhudze maluwa a Katlei.
Zina mwa izo ndi:
- Dulani ndi kangaude ziwonekere ngati zikhale zowuma kwambiri za danga lozungulira. Pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi tizirombozi, muyenera kusunga chinyezi.
- Shchitovka akhoza kuchoka ku maluwa omwe kale ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo amawonetsedwa ngati mdima wamdima. Malo okhudzidwa amatsukidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Mealybug ndi Aphid kuoneka mu mpweya wouma. Kuchotsedwa ndi tizilombo kapena sopo ndi zamchere yankho.
- Ntchentche yoyera amawoneka ngati mawanga achikasu ndi oyera pa masamba ndipo amatsogolera ku imfa yawo. Chotsani icho mwa kuikaka ndi yankho la sopo.
Tsopano mumadziwa kusamalira zinyama kunyumba. Kusamalira orchid ndikofunika. Mu manja amodzi, maluwa awa amapereka kukongola kosakumbukira ndipo adzakhala ngale ya maluwa.
