Kodi mungamange bwanji m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba?

Mwinanso aliyense wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ali ndi cellar yake pamalowa. Ndipo iwo omwe alibe, mwinamwake, amakhala ndi kangapo kamangidwe kamangidwe kameneko. Kwasungidwa kosungirako zinthu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, mu nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani za momwe mungapangire chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi manja anu popanda kuthandizidwa ndi omanga.

Zamkatimu:

• Kodi mapangidwe ake ndi ati?
• Malo abwino kwambiri oti mumange nawo ali kuti?
• Mangani cellar ndi manja anu omwe
• Zida zofunika
• Khwerero ndi Gawo Malangizo

Zimafunika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba

Kuti chipinda chapansikati (glacier, pansi pa nthaka) chizikhala mwachizolowezi kwa nthawi yayitali, zofunikira izi ziyenera kulumikizidwa nazo:

• Nthawi zonse, otsika mpweya kutentha. M'kati mwa galasi, kutentha kumafunika kukhala kosalekeza chaka chonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti kuli chilimwe kunja kapena nyengo yozizira.
• Ambiri. M'chipinda chapansi saloledwa kumveketsa kawirikawiri. N'zosatheka kupanga mawindo a glaziers, ndipo nyali zamagetsi zingasinthidwe pokhapokha mukamachezera pansi. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'chipinda chapansi, chifukwa chosungirako nthawi yayitali ziyenera kukhala mumdima.
• Kutentha kwa mpweya. Iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 90%. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri, ngati sichiwerengedweratu, pali chiopsezo kuti zinthu zina zidzawonongedwa. Kuthetsa chinyezi cha mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito psychrometer. Ngati chinyezi n'chochepa kwambiri, chiyenera kuwonjezeka. Izi zimachitidwa ndi kupopera madzi pamakoma ndikuwazaza zitsamba zamadzi pansi.
• Nthawi zonse imakhala yoyera ndi mpweya watsopano. Kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino wa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi ukhale wothandizira, muyenera kupanga bwino komanso kutulutsa mpweya wokwanira. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe sichilola mpweya kukhala pang'onopang'ono m'chipinda.

Mukudziwa? "Cellar Auerbach" - Imodzi mwa malo odyera ovinyo kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe ali ku Germany, Leipzig. Malo odyerawo amatsika pansi, ali ndi vinyo wokhawokha.

Pokonzekera bwino ntchito panthawi yomanga chipinda chino, zofunikira zonsezi zikhoza kuphatikizidwa mosavuta mu chipinda chapansi. Ndiyeno, mutatha kumanga, mumangofunika kuchepetsa chinyezi ndi kuyatsa.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungasungire chakudya mu pulasitiki yapansi.

Kodi mapangidwe ake ndi ati?

Pali mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mapangidwe a cellar. Mwini aliyense amachita chilichonse mwa njira yake. Koma pali mitundu yambiri yokhazikitsidwa, yomwe tidzakuuzani za:

• Malo osungirako mbeu (yosungirako masamba). Ntchito yomanga imeneyi ndi yoyenera kumanga m'madera amenewo a dziko lathu kumene dothi liri ndi mvula yambiri ndi madzi apansi ali pafupi kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu a ku St. Petersburg m'nyengo ya chilimwe anayambitsa ntchito yotereyi, nthaka yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Malo osungirako osungirako malo amatha kulowa mu nthaka osapitirira theka la mita, ndipo ali ndi chimango pamwamba.
• Chipinda chapansi panthaka. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa galasi, umene umakhala pansi pamtunda wosaposa theka la mita. Mapangidwe a m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi ndi osavuta ndipo sakhala ndi malo ambiri pawekha. Malo osungira amenewa amamangidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zing'onozing'ono komanso malo ochepa a nyumba yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba zomangamanga zimamangidwa ndi malo onse a chilimwe, omwe malo awo ali m'madera okhala ndi madzi apansi.
• Ground Cellar ndi Boning. Kukonzekera kwa yosungirako koteroko kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimatchulidwa pamwambapa. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti kumanga kumangidwe ndi deboning ya dziko lapansi. Izi zimachitidwa kuti asunge malo oyenera a chinyezi mu chipinda.
• Cellar yapansikati. Nyumba yomanga imeneyi ndi yofala kwambiri m'dera lathu. Kuzama kwa pansi pano ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi, yomwe imalola kuti ipangidwe ngakhale mu nthaka yochepetsetsa. Makoma a yosungirako otere amathiridwa ndi konkire ndi osindikizidwa ndi kutsekeka madzi. Kuphatikizana kumapangidwa ndi slabe, kutetezedwa ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zakutchire kapena zakuthupi.
• Kakhitchini yachilimwe ali ndi cellar. Malo oterowo ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodzichepetsa kwambiri m'dzikolo. Zosungirako zingamangidwe pansi pachitchini cha chilimwe, ndikusiyidwa kuti alowe. Makina opanga makina ayenera kuchitidwa okha ndi anthu odziwa bwino ntchito, mwinamwake pamakhala chiopsezo choti chilimwe chimbudzi chidzagwa.
• Mwala wa miyala. Kusungirako zinthu zotero lero ndizosavuta kwambiri. Iwo atha kale kale m'mbiri, ngakhale kuti ena angathe kuwonedwa m'midzi ndi m'midzi. Zojambula za malo osungirako zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kugwira ntchito mosamala komanso mosamala. Pakalipano, pali akatswiri ojambula kwambiri omwe angakupangireni galasi. Ndipo iye, mwa njira, ali ndi kutentha kwabwino, chinyezi chokhazikika ndi bwino mpweya wabwino.
• Dalaivala yotsekedwa. Nyumba zoterezi zimachitidwa pazipinda ziwiri. Mphepete mwachitsulo chosatsekedwa ndi yabwino kwambiri kumanga mabanja angapo, mwachitsanzo, pamalire pakati pa zigawo. Kotero inu mukhoza kumanga chimodzi chosungirako ziwiri: chifukwa inu ndi anansi anu. Izi zimapulumutsa gawo ndi ndalama.
• Denga ladothi. Poyamba, kunali kofala kwambiri m'gawo la Yaroslavl Province, choncho adalandira dzina la anthu "Malo a Yaroslavl." Ntchito yomangidwira imakhala pansi pamtunda, ndipo pamwamba pokha pali pamiyala kapena mitengo. Chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi ndi changwiro kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako mbatata, beets ndi kaloti.

Ndikofunikira! Chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi chimamangidwa bwino mu chilimwe chotentha, pamene msinkhu wa madzi apansi ndi wozama kwambiri.

Ndipo izi siziri mitundu yonse ya mapangidwe a cellar. Palinso: m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, pamphepete mwa makoma, kumtunda wachisitini, kumtunda wa chisanu, pakhomo la mphete za konkire, khola, m'chipinda chosambira, ndi zina zotero. Koma ambiri a iwo ali ndi cholinga chomwecho. - kusungiramo masamba ndi pickles.

Phunzirani momwe mungapangire nyumba yotentha, yomwe ingakhale malo omwe mumaikonda kwambiri pa holide kwa banja lonse.

Malo abwino kwambiri oti mumange nawo ali kuti?

Musanayambe ntchito yomanga, m'pofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino lomwe malo a mtsogolo. Muyenera kuganizira zinthu zonse za nthaka (zomangidwe zake, etc.), mlingo wa madzi apansi ndi kuya kozizira. Zambiri zimadalira pazigawo izi, kuphatikizapo zomwe tafotokoza m'ndime yoyamba. Ndipo komabe -kukhazikika kwa nyumbayi, yomwe imadaliranso molingana ndi khalidwe la nyumbayi, komanso malo ake.

Yesani kusankha malo okwezeka kapena mapiri (aang'ono hump). Malo awa adzathetsa vuto linalake loletsa kutseka madzi. Mukamanga malo osungirako zinthu zapansi, muyenera kudziwa bwino lomwe madzi akuya.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino malamulo osungiramo chimanga, nkhaka, tomato, anyezi.

Ndiye ndikofunikira kuyamba pa deta iyi: theka la m'chipinda chapansi pa cellar ayenera kukhala theka la mita imodzi kuposa mmadzi a pansi. Ngati mlingo wa madzi pansi uli pansi mamita 2.5, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kwapadera sikuyenera kupitirira mamita awiri. Yang'anani mlingo wa zochitika m'madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chosavuta kwambiri: kudziwitsa mlingo wa madzi akuya pafupi. Ngati palibe chabwino, ndiye kuti zida zowonongeka kapena zofufuzira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mwa njira, njira yoyesera kufufuza nthawi yomweyo yang'anani zadothi. Ngati pali mchenga kapena dothi mumtunda, ndiye kuti pomanga chipinda chapansi pa nyumba muyenera kulimbitsa makoma kwambiri. Nthawi zina, pofufuza nthaka, zimayandama. Nkhokwe sizingakhoze kuthiridwa, ndizosatheka kumanga chipinda chapansi pa malo awo.

Mukudziwa? Mmodzi wa mafani a masewero a kanema Akuluakulu Mipukutu adadzipangira m'chipinda chapansi pansi pamasewerawa. Kupanga kwake kunamupangitsa iye madola 50,000.

Ndifunikanso kudziwa mtundu wa nthaka musanayambe ntchito yomanga. Kuchokera pazimenezi zidzadalira zisankho ndi mtundu wa ntchitoyo.

Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya nthaka: mchenga, mchenga, loamy ndi dongo. Kuti mudziwe molondola dothi lanu, muyenera kutenga 100 g ya nthaka ndikuzipereka kwa labotolo ya agrochemical kuti muyambe kufufuza. Koma pali njira yodziwira bwino mtundu wa nthaka popanda kuthandizidwa ndi amisiri. Kuti muchite izi, tengani dziko lapansi ndikuyesera kuliyika mu ulusi, kenaka mukhale mphete yoonda. Ngati nthaka sakufuna kulowa mu ulusi, ndiye kuti mukulimbana ndi nthaka yachinyontho.

Ngati chojambulacho chikugudubuza mu ulusi, koma mpheteyo siinatulukemo, ndiye izi ndizowala. Ngati mpheteyo ikupita, koma m'madera ena amapanga ming'alu, ndi yolemera loam, ndipo ngati mpheteyo ili yabwino komanso yopanda ming'alu, ndi nthaka ya dongo.

Yesetsani kupanga pegola yanu nokha kuti musinthe munda wanu wamunda.

DZIWANI ZA Mayankho a M'Baibulo Mboni za Yehova KOPERANI Magazini Mabuku Nyimbo Mavidiyo Zina ... NKHANI ZOTHANDIZA Simungathe kuchotsa deta iyi nokha, koma mutha kuchipeza kuchokera ku dipatimenti yaumishonale ya oyang'anira kapena kuchokera kumapangidwe a chigawo.

Mitundu ina ya dothi yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri imatha kuwonjezeka ndi 5-10%, ndipo izi zingasokoneze kapangidwe kanu ndipo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwake. M'pofunika kukumbukira kuti pamtunda wa mamita atatu nthaka imakhala yotentha nthawi zonse (4-10 ° C) chaka chonse.

Choncho, mobisa pansi mitundu ya kosungira bwino kukhalabe nthawi zonse kutentha. Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa mphepo ngati chisanu kumakhudza kuya kwa chisanu kulowa mkati: pamene chipale chogwera, sichimawombera pansi.

Pezani momwe mungayesere dacha nokha.

Mangani cellar ndi manja anu omwe

Mu gawo ili tidzakuuzani za momwe mungamangire chipinda chapansi panthaka ndi manja awo, malangizowa adzakhala otsogolera komanso mofulumira.

Zida zofunika

Monga tanenera, musanayambe kumanga muyenera kusankha mtundu ndi maonekedwe a nthaka. Kutentha kwa nthaka, kukula kwa makoma kuyenera kukhala m'bwalo lakumbuyo. Tidzakhala ndi makoma a konkire ndi zowonjezera (10-16 mm mwake). Komanso makoma akhoza kumangidwa ndi njerwa zofiira.

Ndikofunikira! Mu nthaka yobiriwira kwambiri, makoma a chithovu kapena chinsalu sangathe kuchepetsedwa. Zida zoterezi zimatha kupyola muyeso winawake.

Pansi ndi maziko amatsanulira kuchokera ku konkire, ndikuzilenga kuti tidzasowa: simenti, miyala yosweka, mchenga, miyala ikuluikulu (ngati ikukhudzidwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga konkire yamphamvu), zipangizo ndi konkakiti ya konkire. Tidzasintha konkire kapena zigawo zake mu dzenje la chipinda cham'mtsogolo chamtsogolo, mothandizidwa ndi chikho chapadera ndi mbali.

Pofuna kusintha kayendedwe ka maziko a pansi ndi pansi, tidzasankha mlingo wapadera kuti muyese maulendo a ndege. Timafunikanso zipangizo zowathandiza: mafosholo, zidebe, mitambo, magolovesi, ndi zina zotero. Kuti pang'onopang'ono ndi wosanjikizika azidzaza makoma a konkire, tifunikira kupanga mapangidwe kuchokera ku matabwa. Choncho, muyenera kukonzekera mapuritsi, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi filimu (kuti konkire isagwirane ndi mtengo).

Monga wosanjikiza, timagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamatabwa. Tidzakaliyika kumakoma pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo ang'onoting'ono (kukula kwa masentimita 40 cm ndi masentimita 5, malingana ndi kukula kwa pepala lapaulendo) ndi misomali, ndi nyali ya mafuta (matope okwera pamoto akugwirana bwino).

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe bwino malamulo oyenera kusunga masamba.

Denga la m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi lidzadzaza ndi konkire, koma idzapulumuka. Kukwapula kungagulidwe mu shopu yapadera. Kuti tibweretse denga la glacier, tifunika kupanga chimango ndi mawonekedwe. Zomwe amapanga zimakhala zofunikira: chinyezi (umboni wosakanikirana ndi masentimita 15), zitsulo zolimba zothandizira zipangizo (zitsulo, matabwa kapena konkire), zitsulo zothandizira, mipiringidzo yamatabwa, waya wothandizira ndi zomangamanga.

Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, mukugwira ntchito mungafunikire: tepi yoyeza, pensulo, dzanja, bulgarian, pliers, goggles, etc.

Komanso pa webusaiti yanu mukhoza kukonza munda wokongola komanso kutsogolera malo ndi mpanda.

Khwerero ndi Gawo Malangizo

Kuti mumangire nyumba yanu yapansi pansi, tsatirani malangizo awa ndi sitepe:

1. Kukumba dzenje. Kukula kwake kudzadalira mlingo wa madzi apansi. Ngati madzi ali pansi pa mamita atatu, ndiye kukula kwake kwa dzenje kudzakhala mamita 2.3 m'lifupi, 2.5 mamita m'lifupi ndi m'lifupi. Ngati mukufuna, miyeso ingasinthidwe, koma musaiwale kuwonjezera 0,5 m pambali pazitali ndi 0.4-0.5 mamita mozama. Izi zidzafunikanso pazitsulo za konkire komanso zamadzi.
2. Mutakumba dzenje, lake muyenera kuzungulira pansi. Chotsatira, muyenera kuyala bedi (mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wochotsedwa). Kutalika kwa mtsamiro ayenera kukhala 0.2-0.3 mamita. Mzere wosanjikiza uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kutsimikizidwa pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, nthaka ikhoza kuthiridwa konkire.
3. Chinyezi cha konkire wosanjikiza cha pansi chiyenera kukhala masentimita 20Apo ayi pangakhale ngozi yowonongeka chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa dothi la nthaka (panthawi yozizira kapena zivomezi zing'onozing'ono). Pambuyo pake padadzaza, ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi wosanjikiza. Kwa ichi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kutupa kwapafupi. Iyenera kuyikidwa pa konkire yachisanu. Kawirikawiri, m'katikati mwa chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi ndi wamkulu kuposa kukula kwa mpukutu. Choncho, m'pofunikira kugawaniza ndi kumangiriza mapeto, pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yamoto yoyenera Kutentha. Pambuyo pa kusanjikiza madzi, muyenera kutsanulira chingwe china cha konkire ndi makulidwe a 10-15 masentimita.
4. Kuwonjezera apo, makoma onse oyandikana ndi mzerewo ali ndi mapiritsi ophimbidwa ndi denga.. Mapeto a mbale zowonjezera zimatenthedwa ndi nyali ya gasi, yopindika ndi kumangirizidwa kwa mbale zina. Pambuyo pazitsulo zowonongeka, mukhoza kupitiriza kumanga makoma a konkire.
5. Kuyambira Muyenera kupanga choyamba ndikupanga mipiringidzo. Zopangidwe ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, 15-20 masentimita mu msinkhu (pambuyo pa chigawo choyamba chitayikidwa, zojambulazo zimasamutsidwa phazi limodzi). Kutseketsa ndodo kumafunika kumangirizidwa limodzi ndi waya atatu apadera. Kenaka, awatseni mozungulira pamtunda wonse wa dzenje. Mtunda wokhala pakati pa magulu opangira galimoto suyenera kupitirira mita imodzi. Ndipo zowonjezereka, zowonjezera - zowonjezera zomangamanga zidzakhala zolimba. Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko yomanga makoma ikhoza kutenga sabata kapena kuposerapo, chifukwa kutsanulira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndi kuyendayenda nthawi zonse. Ndipo mkati mwakuya kwanu, motalika inu mudzamanga makoma.
6. Makoma akamangidwe bwino, muyenera kupita kumapeto - kupanga chimango ndi mawonekedwe a denga, ndi pambuyo - kupanga denga la konkire. Koma kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi chofunika: makoma akukwera 15-20 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
7. Tsopano pamakoma omwe muyenera kuyikapo matabwa. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi zitsulo kapena konkire.
8. Kenaka mukusowa zojambula ndi mapepala osakaniza madzi. Mapangidwe apangidwe amachitikira kuzungulira chipinda. Mapangidwe apamwamba ayenera kukhala 20-30 masentimita.
9. Pambuyo pake muyenera Pangani mawindo a kulimbikitsa mawayazomwe zidzakhala zogwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake, ndi kumangiriza ndi waya wokhota. Nkofunika kuti ndodozo, zomwe ziri pansi, zimachoka kumapeto kwa matabwa. Onaninso mapaipi awiri (apadera pa mpweya wabwino m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba) kumbali zosiyana za chimango.
10. Chida chitayikidwa pansi, malo a intersection ake ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi waya wokhota. Kotero mapangidwewo adzakhala olimba ndi otalika.
11. Gawo lotsatira lidzatsanulira konkire mu chimango chotsirizidwa.. Lembani kokha njira imodzi, nthawi zonse kuphatikiza konkire. Pamene chimango chonse chadzazidwa, lolani kuti zikhale zovuta ndi kutsanulira konkire pamwamba pa madzi tsiku lililonse sabata yamawa. Kotero izo sizidzasokonekera.

Ndikofunikira! Ikani samenti, chizindikiro chake chomwe sichichepera 200. Ntchito yomanga konkire imeneyi idzakuthandizani kwa zaka zambiri.

Pazigawo zoyambirirazi zomangamanga zakwaniritsidwa, tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungamangire chipinda chapansi pa dacha.

Muyenera kupanga makwerero kuti mulowe m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kuyendetsa magetsi pomwepo kwa nyali (ngati kuli kofunikira) ndikupanga chotsekera chinsinsi pazitsamba.

Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire khoma losungira dacha.

Chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi chingathenso kusungidwa ndi mpweya wosanjikiza. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha glacier, chidzakuthandizani kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri.