Pamene tomato woyamba anawonekera ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 18, palibe amene akanatha kuganiza kuti adzakhala otchuka kwambiri.
Komanso, masambawa sankakula osati m'madera otentha, koma ngakhale pamapulatifomu a m'nyanja ya Arctic.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kukamba pa kukula kwa mbeuyi m'deralo ngati Siberia?
Abusa ankagwira ntchito yambiri pofuna kuswana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzuwa yomwe imakhala yosasunthika komanso yosasamala.
Otsatsa a Altai ayesetsa kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Ndi mitundu yomwe iwo amamera yomwe imakonda kwambiri amaluwa wamaluwa.
Ndondomeko ya "Nastya"
Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yoyamba yakucha.
Anadziwonetsa bwino m'madera a dziko la Siberia, popeza ali ndi mbeu yabwino, osati wodzichepetsa kuti asamavutike.
Small chitsamba, okongola, sikutanthauza kuwonjezera kwina. Zipatso zipse nthawi yomweyo pamasabata 2-2.5. Ambiri a iwo ndi ozungulira, pang'ono ochepa, olemera mpaka 150-200 magalamu.
Kalasi iyi osakhudzidwa ndi vuto lochedwaChoncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa osati chifukwa chodzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma komanso poyera. Hostesses kwambiri minofu tomato. Zipatso zolimba zidzasunga kukoma kwake kokongola komanso kofiira.
Kufesa mbande za zosiyanasiyanazi ziyenera kuchitika m'mwezi wa March mu rammed. Mbande ayenera mulch ndi peat, amene imathandizira kumera kwa mbande. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa mbande za zosiyanasiyanazi zidzakhala 25 - 26 ° C.
Mbande ayenera kuphimba nkhaniyi. Zosankhidwa zimachitika ndi maonekedwe a 1 - 2 a mapepala awa. Chomera pansi chimafuna mitengo ya 60 - 65, ikadali kale 6 - 7 masamba pa mphukira. Ndikofunika kubzala pansi mu May malinga ndi dongosolo (40 x 50-50 cm).
Popeza zimatha kupirira nyengo, nyengo yamakono ndi yachibadwa. Kuthirira kwabwino pamzu, kudyetsa nthawi zonse, makamaka mu nthaka yosauka.
Palibe chifukwa cha pasynkovka. Mitengo ikhoza kumangirizidwa ku trellis kuti ikhale yosavuta kukolola komanso kuchotsa namsongole. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yodzala ndi udzu kapena udzu kuti mizu ikhale yozizira mu nyengo yovuta ya ku Siberia.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa sikuwonongeke, koma kuteteza kupopera mankhwala ndi mkuwa wokhudzana ndi fungicides sikukupweteka.
Zosiyanasiyana "Zyryanka"
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa oyambirira, choncho tikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze zomera zobiriwira kapena pansi pa polyethylene.
Ngakhale izi, zimasinthidwa bwino ndi azitsamba kuti zisinthe.
Chomeracho ndi chokhazikika, kutalika kwake kumafikira 70-75 masentimita. Choncho, tchire sichiyenera kumangirira ndi kutsina.
Kawirikawiri chipatso chimayamba tsiku la 95 pambuyo pake. Chipatso chakecho ndi chaching'ono, mpaka 60-80 g, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe apamwamba, pamwamba pake.
Zokolola ndizozitali. (mpaka 18 kg / sq.m). Izi ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yotsutsana ndi matenda a phwetekere, monga apical kuvunda, bakiteriya spotting, septoriosis. Tomato ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba lokusunga.
Amasungidwa bwino mu mpweya wabwino, chipinda chamdima. Amayi amasiye amakonda kwambiri kusungunula mitunduyi chifukwa zipatsozo ndizochepa ndipo sizimasokoneza chifukwa cha kutentha. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi yopambana kwambiri mu ketchup kapena msuzi chifukwa cha thupi lake.
Kufesa mbande kumafunika kumapeto kumapeto kwa February. Ndondomeko ya kukula mbande bwino. Sankhani timapepala 2.
Ndi bwino kukula mu peat, kuti musamavulaze mizu pochotsa miphika. Ndi bwino kusamutsira nthaka mu gawo 8 la pepala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yokhazikika, choncho chitsamba chilichonse chimasowa malo ambiri. Ndondomeko yodzala ndi yosiyana ndi yachizolowezi (60x60 - 70 cm).
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa, monga idasankhidwa makamaka kuti ikalime kunja. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa moyenera. Ngati mumangowonjezera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, tchire lidzapulumuka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Kulipira mulingo kumafunika. Simungathe kubzala, monga zipatso zazing'ono. Garter pa nzeru zake zokha. Chithandizo cha tchire ndi kukonzekera motsutsana ndi phytophthora ndizofunikira, ndipo ndi bwino kupopera kangapo.
Zosiyanasiyana "Mtima wa Mtima"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndi yodzichepetsa kwambiri. Pakati-nyengo, osadziwika.
Zipatso zoyamba ndi zazikulu, kulemera kwake komwe kumafikira magalamu 500, ndipo ena 700-800 g.
Zotsatira zokololazo ndizochepa.
Tomato ndi ovunda, mawonekedwe awo ali ofanana ndi mtima, kotero, mwinamwake, iwo ali nalo dzina lawo. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kufika pamasentimita 150 mpaka 70, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwa chipatso musamulimbikitse kuti amangirire, chifukwa amatha kugwa ndipo sabala.
Tomato sali woyenera kumalongeza mitsuko, koma kukoma kwawo sikungowonongeka pamene muli mu chidebe ndi khosi lalikulu. Ali ndi mbewu zochepa, minofu ndi yowutsa mudyo. Chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zabwino zopangira madzi, ketchup, sauces kapena zovala zina. Ndi zokoma mu saladi. Choncho, aliyense wamaluwa ayenera kukhala pa malo ake angapo a tchire zosiyanasiyana.
Nthano zamakalata ziyenera kubzala kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March. Zosowa kuti ziphwanyidwe. Pa kukula kwa mbande ndi zofunika kudyetsa iwo. N'zotheka kubwezeretsanso poyera mu May, ndipo mukutenthedwa wowonjezera kutentha - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Ndondomeko yobwera - 40x50 cm. Kwa 1 sq.m. Amatha kukhala ndi mbande 4.
Ndi bwino kumwa madzi madzulo, ndiyeno mumathamanga nthawi yomweyo kuti chinyezi chikhale chotalikira pansi. Onetsetsani kuti mukupita kokayenda, mwinamwake tchire linagwera pansi pa kulemera kwa chipatso. Mukhoza kusiya mwana wobadwa naye kuti akakhale ndi zokolola zazikuru.
Amakonzedwanso kuti azikhala pansi ndi masamba pansi pa tsinde. The mulingo woyenera katundu mu chitsamba adzakhala osaposa 8 maburashi ndi tomato. Pa nthawi yonse yokula, m'pofunika kuti mavitamini 2 - 3 apitirire kuti tomato ikhale yayikulu komanso yosangalatsa. Chofunika mankhwala mankhwala motsutsana phytophthora.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya tomato yotseguka pansi.
Zosiyanasiyana Zolemba "Kuboola"
Izi ndi zochepa, zoyambirira kucha, zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zinalengedwa kuti zisungidwe ndipo zalandira dzina lotero.
Amakula ponseponse m'mitengo yotentha komanso nthawi zonse. Nthawi yakucha ndi pafupifupi masiku 95-105 kuchokera pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka.
Kutalika kwa tsinde ndikochepa, mpaka 35 cm, kotero sizingathe kumangiriza. Zodabwitsa za izi zosiyanasiyana ndi kuti pafupifupi zipatso zonse zipsa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe hostesses sangathe koma zimakonda. Pa tsinde nthawi zambiri amakula zipatso 5-10, ndizochepa, mpaka 30-50 g, mtundu wofiira-lalanje, mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndizo zipatso zonse zimakhala zofanana kukula ndipo amawoneka okongola kwambiri mukhoza. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopewera osati yodwala matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kukoma ndi kokwanira, kokoma. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi amaluwa wamaluwa okha, komanso ndi minda yayikulu.
Njira yogwiritsa ntchito mmera. Ukala wa mbande ukadzala uyenera kukhala osachepera masiku 50 mpaka 60. Zomwe zimakulira mbande ndizofunikira. Chiwembu sichili wambiri, zomera zisanu pa gawo limodzi.
Amafuna nthawi zonse kutsirira ndi madzi ofunda. Zoonadi kutero muyenera kuwombera tchire. Zomera zimayankha bwino feteleza ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana feteleza. Kwa mbewuyi mwamsanga munakwera, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito osiyana kukula.
Zosiyanasiyana "Gina"
Izi zosiyanasiyana za tomato ndi deterministic, sing'anga nthambi, chitsamba kutalika ndi 40-60 cm.
Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono, koma zazikulu kukula, zina zimafikira magalamu 300, kotero sizisowa zina zowonjezera.
Zinyamazo zidapangidwa posachedwapa, kotero sizitchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu okonda zachiwerewere.
Koma akatswiri amanena kuti zingapo zoyenera. Zina mwa izo ziyenera kuzindikiridwa Kukaniza fusarium, mwachidwi kufuna, zokolola zabwino, zokhudzana ndi zinthu zowuma mu phwetekere.
Zipatso zili minofu, osati madzi, kotero zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali m'chipinda cha m'chipinda chapansi.
Chokolola choyamba chingapezeke kale kwa masiku makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe maonekedwe akuyamba. Zipatso za "Gina" ndi zokongola komanso zapachiyambi, koma zoyenera kuphika, komanso zasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Onetsetsani kuti mukukula mbande. Kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo pansi sizingatheke. Nthawi yoika mbande kumalo osatha zimadalira nyengo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti palibe chisanu. Kukula kwa mlingo ndipakati, osapitirira 4 mbande pa 1 sq. M.
Amafunika kuthirira kawirikawiri ndi madzi ofunda. Ndibwino kuti mulch ndi kumasula nthaka atatha kuthirira. Zomera sizimasowa garter, koma ziyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti tomato si ochepa komanso opanda pake. Njira zina zonse ndi zachilendo.
Sakani "Kusamukira"
Ichi ndi chomera chomera chomwe chimamera bwino molunjika ndipo chiri ndi nthambi zochepa.
Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala 40-45 masentimita. Zimabereka zipatso osati nthawi imodzi, koma pang'onopang'ono, koma zipatso zoyamba zimatha kupezeka kale kwa masiku makumi awiri ndi limodzi kuchokera pamene mbewuzo zabzalidwa.
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yofunika kuti ikhale yotseguka pansi, chifukwa ikufunika kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuonjezerapo, kalasiyi imakhala yozizira kwambiri, sikufunika kuchotsa ana opeza ndi garter. Zipatso zapakatikati, zazikulu, pamapeto pake zimakhala ndi zochepa zochepa monga mawonekedwe a spout.
Awo zosavuta kunyamulachifukwa sifefe, koma minofu. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwake kumafikira 50-60 g.
Zambirizi zimangokhala zovuta kwambiri, koma ndi njira zabwino zaulimi komanso kuthetsa vutoli nthawi yomweyo.
Ndibwino kuti mupange mankhwala odzola, salting yeniyeni, pickling, mkulu wa madzi mu zamkati.
Popeza zipatso zimapsa pang'onopang'ono, mwinamwake mudzagwiritsa ntchito tomato mpaka chimfine. Ndibwino kuti mubzala pamodzi ndi mitundu ina, monga chomera.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande ziyenera kuchitika m'masiku otsiriza a March. Kutenga ndi kuumitsa mbande zimafunikira. Kuwaza mbande kungakhale mu Meyi. Kufika kumakhala kwakukulu, 70x60 masentimita.
Nthaka iyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse, kuthiriridwa, kusungidwa. Kumanga tizilombo ndi zidzukulu sikofunikira. Chovala chovomerezeka kapena feteleza, kapena potashi ndi phosphorous.
Kalasi "Chophatikiza"
Mitengo yaing'ono ya nthambiyi, kutalika kwa chitsamba kufika pamtunda wa 60 masentimita. Chomera chokhazikika, chokhazikika, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala pansi.
Sichifuna garter. Mapemphero achitika nthawi imodzi ndiyeno pakufunika kwambiri.
Ndizo zosiyanasiyana zokolola, zipatso zoyamba zimaonekera pa tchire masiku 80 mpaka 100 mutatha.
Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zowongoka, zokhala ndi minofu, ndi zochepa za madzi. Koma thupi ndi loyenera kwambiri kupanga zopaka kapena ketchups chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu ya minofu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi zofooka ku matenda, makamaka mochedwa kwambiri.
The Oak ndi yabwino makamaka kubzala kumpoto. Zinyama zingathe kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi, komanso kusowa kuwala kwa kuwala.
Mu March, mukhoza kufesa mbewu. Ndikofunika kuti tinyamuke pamene tsamba lachiwiri kapena lachitatu likuwonekera. Zitha kuikidwa pansi kumapeto kwa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June, zimadalira nyengo. Chida cholowera 50x70 cm
Kuyenera kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, koma nkofunika kuti musapitirize kuthirira madzi. Makamaka zomera amafunika chinyezi pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya nyengo yokula (maluwa asanayambe pachimake, pamene mazira amaonekera, pamene zipatso zimayamba kucha). Kwa tchire, mukhoza kupanga chithandizo china.
Kuchotsa udzu ndi kumasula ndi zofunika. Yoyenera processing phytophthora, mwinamwake mbewu adzafa.
Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti obereketsa akupitirizabe kusintha ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano ya chikhalidwe ichi, chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigawo zozizira za Siberia. Mitundu yatsopano imalimbana ndi kusoĊµa kwa dzuwa, ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka yobereka.
