Zonse zokhudza mizu ya orchid: mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, maonekedwe ndi kusamalira iwo

Mizu ya chomera - chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimaipereka ndi chinyezi ndi zakudya. Udindo wa mizu m'moyo wa chomera chiri chonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake kusamalira moyenera kwao ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Mankhwala a orchids siwosiyana - komabe, mu maluŵa osasangalatsa mizu imakonzedwa ndipo imagwira ntchito mosiyana mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zomwe timadziŵa bwino. Mukamasamalira orchid, izi ziyenera kudziwika ndi kuziganizira.

Chikhalidwe ndi gawo mu moyo wa chomera

Ntchito yaikulu ya mizu ya mbewu iliyonse ndikutenga madzi ndi zakudya kuchokera ku gawo lapansi.yomwe imakula. Zoonadi, zomera sizingakhoze kuyamwa madzi mwa mawu enieni a mawu, popeza alibe minofu. Thupi limalowa mizu m'njira zosiyanasiyana - limayenda kuchokera ku nthaka kupita ku mizu ya mizu ndi osmosis.

Osmosis ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe ingakhale yosavuta yotsatiridwa motere: Mamolekyu amadzi amasunthira kuchoka ku dera lamtunda (nthaka) kupita kumalo osungunuka (mitsempha ya m'munsi) kupyolera mu memphane yomwe imatha kusokonezeka.

Kutengeka kwa dothi m'nthaka kumachitika mu rhizodermis - gawo lopanda pamwamba la mizu, kwenikweni maselo amodzi kapena awiri wandiweyani. Mu zomera zambiri, kuti muwonjeze bwino njirayi, rhizodermis ili ndi tsitsi la mizu yaying'ono.

Kenaka chinyezi chimalowa mumzere wotsatira - exoderm. Makina awa ndi ofanana kwambiri: maselo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi makina aakulu omwe alibe madzi omwe amakhala nawo. Kupyolera mu zowonjezereka, madzi amalowa muzu, Amadutsa mu khungwa - mizu yosanjikizira yomwe imakhalapo - ndipo imalowa pakati pa mizu, yomwe imatchedwa axial cylinder, yomwe imapangidwa ndi maphunzilo a maphunziro ndi othandiza ndipo imayendetsa chinyezi ndi zakudya ku ziwalo zina zonse.

Mizu ya orchid imayikidwa motsatizana, komabe pali kusiyana kwakukulu.

Zida

Mbali za mizu mu zomera izi ndi chifukwa cha moyo wawo. Mosiyana ndi zomera zambiri, ma orchids salowerera mu nthaka. Zimakula pa miyala kapena zomera zina, zomwe zimakhala ngati "chithandizo" cha iwo, nthawi zambiri "zimafalikira" pansi, koma sichikulirakulira. Madzi a orchid amachokera ku mpweya wozizira - m'madera otentha ndi madera ozungulira, kudziko lakwawo, mvula yambiri ndi mvula nthawi zambiri. Komabe, zomerazi zimachokera ku zinyalala - masamba, makungwa, humus.

Mankhwala a orchids sayenera kumizidwa panthaka ya madzi ndi zakudya. Amapachika momasuka kuchokera ku mwala kapena ku nthambi, kutenga chinyezi m'mlengalenga, kapena kubisala pansi pamunsi mwa masamba ovunda. Kodi maluwa ali ndi mtundu wotani? Mizu ya zomerazi imatchedwa "airy" chifukwa ili pamwamba pa nthaka, koma musayang'ane mizu ya "orchid" yomwe nthawi zonse imakhalapo - mbewuyo ilibe basi.

Popeza mizu ya orchid imakhala yosagwirizana ndi nthaka, safunikira rhizoderm - kusanjikiza - ndi tsitsi la mizu. M'malo mwake, pamwamba pa muzuwo uli ndi nsalu yapadera - belamen. Kunena zoona, iyi ndi rhizoderm yofanana, maselo ake okha sali amoyo, koma amachiritsira; Nsalu ya velamen ndi porous ndipo ikufanana ndi siponji.

Chenjerani! Mzere wosanjikizana ukhoza kukhala wopyapyala, selo imodzi yokha, komanso kawirikawiri rhizoderm (zochepetsetsa zoterezi zimapezeka m'ma orchids akukula panthaka pamwamba pake), ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi maselo okwana 19 (mitundu yambiri yamaluwa omwe amakhala m'mitengo).

Popeza maselo akufa sali oyenerera osmosis, Njira yokhala ndi orchid madzi amawoneka mosiyana - ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri:

• Pakati pa mvula kapena mphuno, madzi amalowa muzu ndi zouma za maselo otsekemera;
• pamakoma apakati a zipilala za Velamen lamellae amapangidwa - madzi akupanga;
• lamellae pang'onopang'ono akuphatikiza pansi pa mphamvu yokoka ndi kuthamanga kwapansi;
• "madontho" aakulu amatengedwa mkati ndi kunja.

Motero, madzi amatuluka kuchokera ku velamen wosanjikiza kupita ku exoderm, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kudutsa makungwa kupita ku axial cylinder. Kuwonjezera pa kusungunula ndi kusunga chinyezi, nsalu yachilendoyi imakhalanso ndi chitetezo - tinthu tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timateteza mpweya wa ma orchids okhala pamwala ndi mitengo. Kuonjezera apo, si kale kwambiri, zinapezeka kuti bowa ndi microalgae zimakhazikika m'madera a Velamen, kuthandiza zomera kuti zithetse potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mchere zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri.

Kodi mizu ya maluwa wathanzi amawoneka bwanji?

Kotero monga kunyumba sizingatheke "kubzala" orchid pamtunda kapena mwala; amalima a maluwa amawaika mu gawo lapadera lotayirirakutsanzira zinyalala. Zitha kukhala ndi moss, zidutswa za makungwa, utuchi, etc. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali ya mizu ya orchid imalowetsedwa mu gawo lapansi, pamene gawo limakhala pamwamba.

Mizu ya mlengalenga yomwe ili pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ili ndi mtundu woyera wa siliva, umene umamangiriridwa nawo ndi gulu la anthu otchinga. Pamene wothira, amphawiwo amatha kusintha, ndipo kudzera mmenemo ma chloroplasts mu exoderm amawonekera - muzu umatenga mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa otchedwa maluwa otchedwa "orchids" amakhala "antchito" - amatha kupanga photosynthesis, ndipo m'mitundu ina mizu ndi ziwalo zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi masamba.

Mizu, kumizidwa mu gawo lapansi, imawoneka mosiyana - popeza palibe kuwala kwa iwo, ndipo chlorophyll siinapangidwire mwa iwo, iwo ndi amdima ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu kapena chofiirira. Poyamba olima amaluwa, mdima wa mizu ya "mvula" pansi pano imakhala chifukwa chodandaula. Komabe, muzochitika izi sizikufunikira kwathunthu.

Chithunzi

Ndiye inu mukhoza kuwona mu chithunzi, kodi maziko a chomera choyenera ndi chiyani?

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji kunyumba?

Ngakhale kuti anthu otetezeka amatha kutetezedwa, mizu ya orchid imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala yofunikira kwambiri. Komabe Podziwa zochitika za mizu ya zomera, zidzakhala zosavuta kupanga zofunikira:

1. Choyamba, mizu ya orchid imafuna mphepo yozungulira nthawi zonse - ngakhale yomwe ili mu gawo lapansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake palibe maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe angabzalidwe mumtunda wamba - mizu sungakhoze kupuma mmenemo.

   Kwa iwo, gawo lokhalo lokhalokha ndiloyenera, lomwe siliyeneranso kukhala lalifupi kwambiri. Zimalangizanso kupanga mapenje a mpweya m'makona a mphika.

2. Mizu ya orchid sungakhoze kutunga madzi kuchokera ku gawo lapansi - mtundu wa velamen si woyenera kwa osmotic ndondomeko ndipo ikhoza kungotenga madzi omwe amapezeka mwachindunji pa izo.

   Choncho, mizu ya mlengalenga iyenera nthawi zonse yothira. Pali njira zambiri zowalira ma orchid, koma chofala kwambiri ndi kuika mphika ndi chomera m'madzi ofunda pafupifupi theka la ora.

3. Musamamwe madzi kapena "kusamba" ma orchid kawirikawiri - mizu ya mbeu imeneyi imangowonongeka. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, m'pofunika kuti gawo lapansi liwume - malingana ndi gawo la gawo lapansi, njirayi ingatenge kuchokera masiku awiri mpaka masabata awiri.

Matenda ndi mankhwala awo

Mavuto omwe abambo a orchid akukumana nawo akuvunda ndi kuyanika mizu.

1. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka nthawi zambiri chimakhala madzi osayenera - kawirikawiri kapena ochulukirapo. Kuzindikira kwa mizu yakufa - chizindikiro choti ndikofunika kubwezeretsa ulimi wothirira. Mizu yokha, mwatsoka, sangathe kubwereranso - iyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndipo nkofunika kuchita izi mofulumira, mwinamwake zowola zidzasunthira mizu yathanzi.
2. Kuyanika kumabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, kapena chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala osakaniza kapena osasankhidwa a feteleza.

   Pachiyambi choyamba, mizu imayenera kusamba ndi madzi ozizira kutentha ndi momwe mungatsanulire. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mu nthaka yosautsa. Ngati muzuwo unasanduka wachikasu ndipo umakhala wowawa, umayenera kudulidwa - sikudzakhalanso kotheka kuti "uutsitsimutse".

Orchid ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri osangalatsa, omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi alimi ambiri a maluwa. Malamulo oti mumusamalire si ovuta monga momwe angawonekere, makamaka ngati muli ndi lingaliro la kapangidwe ka mbewu ndi moyo wake. Kusamala mosamala malingaliro osavuta kudzapindula ndi maluwa okongola.