Olima oyambirira amayamba chidwi ndi funso la zomwe ayenera kubzalidwa kuti apeze zokolola zabwino.
Nkhaniyi ndi ya iwo amene akufuna kupambana tomato.
Pambuyo pake, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, ndipo ndi yosiyana ndi kukoma, mtundu, kukula ndi zina.
Choncho, ngati mutakhala ndi cholinga chofuna tomato zokoma, ndiye kuti nkhaniyi ndi yanu.
Matenda a phwetekere "Kuitana Kwamuyaya"
Kalasi iyi ya phwetekere ikhoza kukula mdziko lonse lotetezedwa, komanso pamalo otseguka. Zimakhala za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndiko kuti, amasiya kukula pambuyo pa maburashi 4-5.
Awa ndi tomato oyambirira, zipse mwamsanga. Zitsamba zikukula bwino, chilimbikitso chotero, ayi. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, omwe ali obiriwira.
Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala masentimita 70. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, kulemera pafupifupi 100 - 200 g, koma mosamala akhoza kufika 0.9 kg. Maonekedwe a tomato ndi kuzungulira, kuzungulira, kuzunjika, kofiira. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, minofu, ndi kukoma kokoma. Chomera chimodzi chikhoza kubala zipatso 5 mpaka 9 kg.
Maluso:
- zokolola zazikulu
- zipatso zolemetsa
- akhoza kukula ngakhale m'madera ovuta
Kuipa:
- zipatso zabwino zimachepetsa maonekedwe
- Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokolola yoyamba idzakhala yolemera kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake zipatsozo zacheperapo kukula
Ikani mbande ayenera masiku 55 mpaka 60 musanabzala mbande. Mbewu zikhoza kufesedwa m'zakapupa za pulasitiki, ndi mu chidebe chapadera (kaseti). Malo osungirako malo amodzi amakhalanso osankha mwapadera miphika yapadera ya peat, yomwe mbande imayikidwa pansi mutabzalidwa.
Njira yabwino yoperekera mbeu kwa mbande ndi kusakaniza nthaka, koma ikhoza kuchitidwa. Kuti mudziwe nokha, muyenera kutenga munda wamaluwa, humus ndi mchenga. Izi ndizo zigawo za nthaka zosakaniza, ziyenera kuphatikizapo chiwerengero cha 3: 3: 4. Kusakaniza koteroko kumakhala bwino "kupera", kutanthauza kuti, pewani kupyolera mu sieve kuti pasakhale ming'alu.
Popeza m'mayiko wamba pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imayenera kuchitidwa ndi nthunzi yowononga matenda a disinfection. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumafunika kudzazidwa muzitsamba za mbande, ndiyeno zimagwirizanitsidwa.
Pofesa mbewu, muyenera kupanga zochepa zazing'ono mu chidebe chilichonse ndikuyika mbewu ziwiri apo, kuti mupeze njira ina kwa mbande (yofooka imachotsedwa, yowonjezereka imasiyidwa). Mbewu imayenera kugona nthaka yomweyo kusakaniza ndikuphimba ndi kanema musanayambe mphukira. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha ndi kuwala.
Tomatos akusowa dzuwa, makamaka ngati tchire tili mu mbande. Choncho, ngati tsiku lowala m'dera lanu silokwanira (maola osachepera 14 mpaka 16), ndiye kuti muyenera kuyatsa nyali yapadera, yomwe mbeuzo ziyenera kukula.
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse pakhale miphika kumbali zosiyanasiyana kuti kuwala kufikire mbande mofanana. Kutentha kwapadera kwa mbande ya Kuyitana Kwamuyaya kumakhala 23-25 ° C, koma movutikira, kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa kufika 18-20 ° C.
Imwani nyemba zomwe zimafunika nthawi zambiri, koma sali wochuluka, kuti madzi asawonongeke. Pamene mbande zidakali zazing'ono, ndibwino kuzimwa madzi ndi botolo. Koma pamene mbande zakula mokwanira, ndi bwino kutsanulira madzi mu poto. Ndiye mizu idzakhala yamphamvu kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa mbande ikukula mpaka 3 masentimita 5, imayenera kuikidwa. Njira iyi imatchedwa kusankha. Mbande ziyenera kukhala umuna nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba ndondomekoyi ikuchitika patatha masabata awiri pambuyo pa zisankho.
Kwa nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa mbande, feteleza ziyenera kuchitidwa 3 - 4 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri. Manyowa monga organic ndi humates. Pofika, ndiye 1 sq.m. Mutha kuyika mbande ziwiri mpaka 3 kuti mbeu iliyonse ikhale ndi malo okwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kulima tomato.
Dziko lapansi kuzungulira tchire ndi pakati pawo zomwe mukufunikira kumasula nthawi zonse, kutanthauza, masiku 9 - 12 kuti apange dziko lapansi, komanso mokwanira. Kumera kumayenera kuchitidwa kuti chomera chiyambike mizu yatsopano.
Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 11 mutabzala mbande, nthaka yozungulira tchire iyenera kuthiriridwa, ndiyeno mapiri ayenera kuchitidwa mofanana. Ndipo pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ndi itatu, njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa.
Tomato amafunika kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse, koma pasakhale madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka. Kuthirira koyamba kuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mutabzala, ndipo tchire liyenera kutsanulidwa mowonjezereka (1 l pa tsamba 1). Masiku 10 muyenera kuyembekezera, ndipo pokhapo muthe kutsanulira tchire mozama pansi pa muzu ndi chiwerengero cha 0,5 - madzi okwanira 1 litre pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Ndi bwino kuthetsa kusowa kwa chinyezi mwamsanga dzuwa litalowa kapena mvula, kuti masamba asatenthe kuchokera dzuwa. Makamaka zomera zimasowa chinyezi pa maluwa. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi feteleza.
Zindikirani nthaka nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba ndi bwino kutero pambuyo pa 1.5 - 2 milungu itatha. Kenaka muyenera kupanga ndi zokometsera zokhazokha, ndi feteleza mchere monga mawonekedwe a madzi ndi mullein (8: 1) ndi kuwonjezera kwa superphosphate (20 g pa 10 malita a yankho). 10 malita a osakanizawa ndi okwanira 10 tchire. Zovala ziwiri zotsatirazi zikhale zouma, choncho ndibwino kuti muziziphatikiza ndi kumasula.
Kuwerengera kumapangidwa pa 1 mita imodzi, kumene muyenera kupanga superphosphate, potashi mchere ndi ammonium nitrate (2: 1.5: 1, yowerengedwa ndi magalamu). Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Kuitana Kwamuyaya" ndi zipatso zolemetsa, mumasowa nthawi ya mwana wamwamuna wobadwa ndikumanga tchire. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuchoka kwa 2 - 3 kupulumukira ku chitsamba 1.
Ndi bwino kumangiriza zomera zoterezi zomwe zimayenera kuthamangitsidwa pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera mu mphukira yapakati. Kwa garters muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofewa kwambiri zomwe siziwononga tsinde. Njirayi ikuchitika katatu: choyamba muyenera kumangiriza mbande zomwe anabzala pamtunda wa tsamba loyamba, kenako nsalu ziyenera kukwezedwa ku dzanja lachiwiri, kenaka mpaka lachitatu.
Mitundu yambiri ya phwetekere imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri. Mwatsoka, "Kuitana Kwamuyaya" - sikuli choncho. Koma pakakhala chithandizo cha panthawi yake, matendawa angapewe. Pochita izi, musanadzale komanso patatha masabata awiri, tchire tiyenera kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza (1% yankho). Mukhozadi kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides omwe ali ndi mkuwa, koma ma carcinogens akhoza kukhalabe pa chipatso, ndiyeno nkulowa m'thupi lanu.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana "Mtima wa Bull"
Mitunduyi imakhala yotentha komanso yoyenera kutsegula. Zosiyana ndi determinant. Zitsamba za phwetekereyi ndizolimba, kufalitsa, kufika kutalika kwa mamita 1.5.
Ngati mukukula tomato kumunda, mudzakolola makilogalamu 3-5 kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Ngati mutasankha njira yotentha yotentha, zokololazo zidzakula kufika 9 mpaka 12 kg pa mbeu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yapakati-yakucha, kutanthauza kuti, masiku 120 - 130 mutatha mbande, zitsamba zimapsa. Zipatso za chitsamba chimodzi zingakhale zosiyana mofanana ndi kulemera kwake. Zomerazi zimakhala ndi malo omwe ali pamunsi mwa zipatso zazikulu, kulemera kwake komwe kumafikira 400 g, ndipo mchere wa tomato wathetsedwa kale mpaka 100 g.
Zipatso za "Bull's Heart" zosiyanasiyana ndi zowutsa, zinyama, zimakhala zokoma. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amasiyana ndi kukoma ndi mtundu.
Tomato akhoza kukhala wofiira, wachikasu, pinki komanso wakuda.
Maluso:
- kukoma kwakukulu kwa zipatso
- kukula kokongola kwa tomato
- zokolola zazikulu
Kuipa:
- Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, tomato sali oyenera kumalongeza
Mbande za "Bull Heart" zosiyanasiyana zingathenso kugulitsidwa ndikuzipanga mwaulere. Palibe zofunikira pa kulima mbande kwa tomato.
Musanayambe kubzala mbewu ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Nthaŵi yoyenera yofesa ndiyo kuyamba kwa March. Mbande zokometsera zimafunikira pamene pali tsamba 2 lenileni. Kuthirira, kuika ndi kufatsa feteleza kumachitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera. Pa 1 sq.m. Dziko lingagwirizane ndi zomera zoposa 4.
Ndondomeko ya chisamaliro ndiyomweyi: kuthirira madzi ndi madzi ofunda nthawi zonse, 2 - 3 zowonjezereka kwa nyengo yogwira ntchito.
Pali zosavuta pamene zikuphwanyika. Chomera ichi sichikhoza kuchotsa ana opeza, ndikusiya kuthawa, komwe kunakhazikitsidwa koyamba.
Onetsetsani kuti muyimitse katunduyo mumng'oma, mwinamwake kusungunula kudzawononge zipatso zonse. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha zipatso zotulutsa maburashi sizoposa 8.
Mitundu Yambiri "Mtima wa Bulu" ukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi vutoli, choncho katatu zomera zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi systemic fungicides. Koma mankhwala oterowo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pamene akudwala. Pakuti kupewa tchire ayenera kuchitiridwa Bordeaux madzi (0,7% yankho).
About Tomato "Monomakh's Hat"
Mitunduyi idzayamba mizu bwino komanso yotentha. Zitsamba zimayamba kubala chipatso patatha masiku 110 - 115 zitatha. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa izi zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa kuti ndizopakati.
Zomera zimakhala kutalika kwa 1 - 1.5 mamita, zokha zimakhala zamphamvu. Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwake kufika pa 0,6 - 1 makilogalamu, minofu, yowonjezera, yofiira, asidi ndi shuga mu kukoma zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri.
Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zingamawoneke ming'alu, zomwe zimangowonongeka mwatsatanetsatane. Kulima kuliposa makilogalamu 14 pa 1 sq.m. Zosiyanazi ndi zosagwirizana ndi zovuta zochedwa.
Maluso:
- zipatso zazikulu
- kukoma kokoma
- zokolola zochuluka
- Kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa
Kuipa:
- Tomato angaoneke ngati yosasangalatsa chifukwa cha ming'alu.
Pamene mukukula mbande za mitundu "Monomakh's Hat" mulibe kusiyana kulikonse ndi njira yoyenera. Chinthu chokhacho ndichoti akafika pansi Mbewu sayenera kukhala masiku 45Komanso ayenera kukhala palibe maluwa.
Ngati, komabe, kulola kubzala kwa mbande zotere, ndiye tchire lidzasakanizidwa, ndipo pambuyo pake - ndi zokolola zoipa. Komanso, pamene mukukula mbande, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, kutanthauza kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa kutentha masana ndi usiku.
Kulola tchire la phwetekere "Cap Monomakh" imapereka zokolola zabwino, koma muyenera kuchita zosiyanasiyana kuti musamalire zomera.
Kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira kumachitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni, koma pali zochepa.
Choyamba, "Cap Monomakh's" - kwambiri chinyezi-wokonda zosiyanasiyanaChoncho, mukamwetsa, tchire tiyenera kutsanulira kuti madzi apite pansi. Kuti muwone ngati chinyezi chafika pozama, muyenera kukumba dzenje pafupi ndi chitsamba, pomwe fosholo iyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi. Kuzama kwa dzenjeli kuyenera kugwirizana ndi kutalika kwa zipilala ziwiri.
Mofanana ndi "Bull Heart", mukhoza kusiya 2 mphukira pa tchire la phwetekere. Onetsetsani kuti muzitsuka tchire pamene akukula mpaka mamita 1. Pakuti "Monomakh's Caps" amadziwika ndi kukula kwa zomera, koma zipatso zimakhala zowawa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake zidzakhala zofunikira kutsitsa pamwamba pa mphukira.
Pa chitsamba chimodzi chidzakhala chachibadwa mu 2-3 ovary, chifukwa chifukwa cha misala yayikulu, chipatso chidzapereka katundu waukulu kwambiri pa zimayambira.
Kupaka zovala ndi kukolola pamwamba sizodziwika. Mukakolola, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa tomato ndi bulauni, kuti mulawe komanso ali abwino.
Pang'ono ponena za mitundu yosiyana "Usuzi wakuda"
Matatowa amakula makamaka m'mphepete mwa greenhouses, koma ili kumpoto kwa nyengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi idzaphuka bwino pamunda.
Zipatso zimavundukula masiku 110 - 115, choncho zosiyanasiyana zimakhala pakati pa nyengo. Mitengo yodalirika, yomwe imamera kutalika imakhala ya mamita 1. Miphika ikuwoneka ngati yofooka, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masamba ochepa.
Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwake kumasiyanasiyana mpaka 0.2 mpaka 0.6 makilogalamu, koma ena amatha kupeza makilogalamu 1 ndi 1.5 makilogalamu. Mnofu ndi wowometsera kwambiri, wofiira wofiira, pali chitsimikizo cha uchi mu kulawa, osakhala wowawa. Zokolola ndizochepa, pafupifupi 6 makilogalamu pa chitsamba. Koma mu nyengo yotentha, tomato izi zidzapereka zokolola zambiri. Pali kusiyana kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Maluso:
- zipatso zabwino kukoma
- kukula ndi kulemera kwa tomato
Kuipa:
- tomato akhoza kudwala matenda
Matendawa amafunika kukula kuchokera ku mbande kuti adzuke mozama pamene agwa pansi. Pamene chodzala mbande pa 1 sq.m. Mukhoza kubzala mitengo itatu. Ndi zofunika kuti chaka chisanafike tomato za mitunduyi idakula nyemba, muzu masamba, kabichi zomera. Pazifukwa za mbande ndi tchire, zimakhala - kutentha sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 10 ° C.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa chisamaliro cha zomera za mtundu woterewu si. Chinthu chokha choyenera kuganizira ndi kukana kwa chilala cha tomato. Choncho, kumwa mowa kwambiri kumakhala kuvulaza zosiyanasiyana.
Pakuti "Uchi wa Pink" ndi wofunika kwambiri feteleza ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Ndi feteleza awa omwe angathandize kupanga zipatso zabwino ndi zokoma.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana "Konigsberg"
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala pakati pa nyengo. Zitsamba zowonjezera, zimakula kufika mamita awiri m'lifupi. Zipatso zimakhala zosakanikirana, zowoneka bwino, zolemera pafupifupi 0,3 makilogalamu. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yokoma, yofiira.
N'zotheka kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 15 - 20 kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, choncho zizindikiro za zokolola zilipamwamba kwambiri. Pali mtundu wina wa "Konigsberg golden" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Maluso:
- zokolola zazikulu
- kukoma kokoma ndi kukula kwa zipatso
Palibe zolakwika.
Ikani mbande ziyenera masiku 60 mpaka 70 musanadzalemo. Njira yowonjezera mbande ndiyomweyi. Pamene ikufika pa 1 sq.m. Amatha kukhala ndi zomera zitatu.
Palibe chisamaliro chapadera pa tchire izi. Chinthu chokha choyenera kuchita ndichoti manyowa awa asungidwe bwino.
