Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti orchid imadwala. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi zimakhala chifukwa cha zovuta, kusamalidwa kosayenera ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana. Odziŵa bwino alimi amalangiza kuti ayese mwamsanga pa nthawi yogula. Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zikhoza kudziwika. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowola zowopsa ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa.
Mawonetseredwe akunja
Kutupa ndi matenda omwe amabwera ndi bowa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Poyamba chitukuko, kuwonongeka kumapangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa tsamba la masamba, tsinde, mizu, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri - kubvunda kwathunthu, kuyanika ndi kufa kwa maluwa okongola. Kunja, kumawonekera ngati mdima wandiweyani pafupi ndi zozizwitsa. Pakapita nthawi, amayamba kukula. Kuwona chikasu ndi kunyezimira kwa masamba, ndi kupitiriza kwawo kugwa.
Mkhalidwe wa orchid mu matenda awa:
- Kufooka
- Ulemu wosakongola.
- Kutalika kwa maluwa kuchepetsedwa.
- Kukula kumasiya.
- Turgor yatayika.
Zotsatira zake ndi zotani?
Popeza maluwawo ali ndi mfundo imodzi yokha, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sizowola. Inde, pambuyo pa imfa yake, chitukuko chidzatha, ndipo mbewuyo idzafa. Ndiponso, ngati mtima wavunda, orchid imataya masamba ake. Zimakhala zofewa, zimatayika, ndipo zimagwa. Chotsatira chimabwera mizu kuwonongeka.
Ndi chinyezi chapamwamba mu chipindacho, malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka maluwawo akudzaza ndi spores zowola, ndipo izi zadzaza ndi kuponyera matendawa kwa ziweto zina. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe tingachite ngati orchid ikuvunda ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pofuna kuthetsa matenda. Thandizo lokhazikika panthaŵi yake lidzapereka ma orchid mwayi wachiwiri wa moyo. Muzitsamba zamtsogolo sizidzapulumutsa chirichonse.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa thunthu?
- Mankhwala amawonongeka.
Kuzungulira kungapangidwe chifukwa cha kugwa kapena kuvulala kwa gawo la maluwa. Ngati nthawi singapereke chithandizo, ndiko kuti, kuti muwononge malo owonongeka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zovunda za tsinde.
- Frostbite.
Othandiza maluwa amalimidwe mosasamala amapereka madzi okwanira. Amathira madzi otentha, koma nthawi yomweyo amaiwala za madzi omwe amasonkhana m'machimowo. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, palibe choopsa pa izo. Chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha, madzi amatha kusuntha mofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Koma m'nyengo yozizira, maluwawo amaopsezedwa ndi madzi ozizira, makamaka atayima pawindo lawindo la miyala. Mankhwalawa sadzasanduka nthunzi, koma adzakhalabe m'machimo kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya. Ngati mukuphwanya mkatikatikati mwazirombo, matenda opatsirana amapezeka. N'zotheka ngati kusungidwa kwaokha sikukulemekezedwa. Matenda akangowonongeka, duwa liyenera kukhala lodzipatula pambali pa zomera zonse kuti matendawa asafalikire kwa iwo.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti chomeracho chili ndi tsinde lovunda?
- Masamba amakhala otsika pang'ono, alibe mtundu wowala kwambiri, amatayika.
- Pansi pa pepala mungathe kuwona kansalu kofiirira.
- Mbalame yobiriwira mwamsanga imamwalira.
- Mawanga akuda pa thunthu ndi khosi.
- Zithunzi zobiriwira za sporulation zikuwoneka pamakoma a mphika.
- Mbali yakumtunda ya duwa ndi yowongoka ndi yosakhazikika.
Ndibwino kuti muzisamalira?
Mankhwala
Imodzi mwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi fungicides. Ndalama zimenezi zimapangidwira kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matenda. Maonekedwe a fungicides angaphatikizepo zigawo zotsatirazi: mercury, manganese, organic substances, mkuwa, aldehydes.
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri:
- Fitosparin-M amawononga kwambiri bowa ndi mabakiteriya.
- Quadrix - ali ndi zochita zambiri, azoxystrobin imatengedwa ngati maziko. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
- Mkuwa wa sulfate - anapangidwa pa maziko a mkuwa sulphate, zotsatira zake zimawoneka pambuyo pa maola 3-4 okha.
- Bordeaux osakaniza - yokonzeka pamaziko a mkuwa, komanso ikuphatikizapo laimu, yomwe imachepetsa acidity m'nthaka.
- Mikosan - kumathandiza bwino pa gawo loyambirira la matenda, kumathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitengeke.
Njira za anthu
Ndi malo ochepa owonongeka panthawi yoyamba ya matendawa, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira:
- Njira ya Iodine. Madontho a 5-7 amadzipiritsika ndi 5 malita a madzi ndipo duwa imatulutsidwa kamodzi pa sabata.
- Kulowetsa mpiru. Zidzatenga 5 malita a madzi otentha, omwe muyenera kuchepetsa 50 magalamu a mpiru wa ufa. Ndiye yankholo liyenera kuperekedwa kwa masiku osachepera awiri. Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito, iwonetsedweratu 1: 1 ndi madzi.
- Garlic tincture. Masana, muyenera kuumirira magalamu 100 a mankhusu 10 malita a madzi.
Ngakhale mankhwala apachilengedwe ndi osavulaza komanso osavuta kukonzekera, iwo angathandize pokhapokha matendawa atayamba.
Ndondomeko ndi sitepe ya kuvunda
Makanda
- Gawo loyamba ndi kukonzekera tsamba ndikuliyeretsa.
- Komanso, mbali yonse ya kuwonongeka kwa khosi imakonzedwa mpaka minofu yamoyo.
- Mosamala muyeretseni tsamba ndi kudula.
- Kenaka nthaka ndi mapulawo amachiritsidwa ndi 0.2% yankho la Readzole. Njira zimatsanulira pa chilonda.
- Izi zachitika 3-4 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri.
- Mphika umayikidwa pamalo ammbuyo, kuyembekezera maonekedwe a ana a pambali.
Kuti mupirire khosi lovunda la orchid, yang'anani kanema:
Pa kukula kwake
- Chotsani malo onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo kuti pasakhale malo amdima okha.
- Magawo amatsukidwa.
- Ngati matendawa ali opatsirana kapena kuti asamalidwe, fungicides akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Orchid imafuna kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuvunda kungabwerere.
Ngati zovunda zikugunda kukula, penyani kanema iyi:
Zovala
- Malo ovunda achotsedwa.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, maziko amachotsedwa kwathunthu.
- Pambuyo podulidwa, zipangizo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mabala amachititsa kuti sinamoni, ayodini, mpweya wabwino.
- Onetsetsani mosamala malo a chomeracho.
Kupewa
- Kusunga kutentha kwapakati ndi gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro. M'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kukhala + 23 ... + madigiri 25, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ikhale mkati mwa + 15 ... +18. Simathamanga kuposa madigiri 5.
Chinyezi 50-50%.- Mu sabata yoyamba pokhapokha ndondomekoyi isasowe madzi. Ndiye mumayenera kuti nthaka iume bwino ndipo musamamwe madzi nthawi zambiri mu masiku khumi.
- Madzi ochepa ayenera kuchotsedwa ku machimo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere kumakonzedwa.
- Kuunikira sikuli kowala ndi kusokonezeka.
- Chipinda chokhala ndi orchid nthawi zonse mpweya.
Chinyezi 50-50%.Onse okonda ma orchids ndi ofunika kukumbukira: Pokhapokha mu zomera zofooka akhoza khosi ndi ziwalo zina kuvunda. Pamene maluwa achilendo ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, saopa chilichonse. Tsatirani malamulo oyendetsera chisamaliro, ndiye simusowa kutenga zochitika zadzidzidzi.
