Kwa zaka zambiri padziko lonse lapansi anthu akuchita floriculture. Maluwa akufalikira m'chipinda, m'minda ndi m'misewu.
Pa mbiri yonse ya chikhalidwe ichi, mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya zomera yafufuzidwa ndikupangidwa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera, komanso mankhwala ndi zonunkhira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya maluwa yomwe imakhala yosasamala, ndipo pakati pawo pali maundula. Mitundu yonse ya violets ikukongola mwa kukongola kwawo, koma lero tidzakambirana za zodabwitsa za violet "The Bronze Horseman".
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya violets ikhoza kusiyanitsa "Bronze Horseman". Lili ndi maluwa akutali, okongola kwambiri. Chisamaliro chiri chophweka, kotero ngakhale woyambitsa angathe kuthana nazo. Maluwa akuluakulu komanso obiriwira. Mphepete mwa mchere muli mawonekedwe a wavy. Maluwa imatenga miyezi khumi. Zosakaniza panthawi yamaluwa. Chiwerengero chawo ndi chaching'ono, koma izi zimathetsedwa ndi kukula kwake. Masamba akuoneka wobiriwira wavy edging.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Woberekayo anali ndi ntchito yopezera maluwa osazolowereka omwe adzaphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wa masamba. Dziko lonse la violets ndi chigawo cha East Africa. Polemekeza bwanamkubwa wa chigawo ichi ndi dzina la violets - "Saintpaulia".
Mauthenga ena a violets omwe anagwedezedwa ndi E. Lebetskaya, kufotokoza kwawo ndi zithunzi zawo zitha kupezeka m'nkhani yapadera.
Kufotokozera Maonekedwe
Chomeracho panthawi yomwe chitukuko chikukula chimapanga mizere ingapo ya masamba.. Mphepete mwafupipafupi nthawi zambiri, chitsamba sichikhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Mapepala a mapepala ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mapiri a wavy. Pamwamba pa mulu waung'ono. Achinyamata amawombera mtundu wobiriwira. Masamba akale amatenga mdima wobiriwira. Mtundu wa masamba a toni imodzi. Mukamapanga rosette masamba onse adzakhala ofanana.
3-5 masamba amapangidwa pa bura limodzi. Zonse zimafalikira kukula kofanana. Sera ya pamwamba pamakhala ndi pinki kapena yoyera. Mphepete muli osagwirizana, lacy, velvety, wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Pamphepete mwa pinki ndi wobiriwira amatha kuona mthunzi wamkuwa, chifukwa cha mtundu uwu wa violet uli ndi dzina lake. Mkati mwa maluwa muli 2 stamens, 2 carpels ndi 1 pistil mu ovary.
Zimayambira mwamphamvu ndi minofu, yofooka. Pakatikati mwazitsulo amatsogoleredwa pamwamba, m'mizera - ayende pambali. Muyenera kukhala osamala pamene mukulumikiza, zimayambira zikhoza kusweka mosavuta..
Mzuwo ndi wofooka ndi waung'ono. Amafuna nthaka yotayirira, chinyezi ndi mpweya. Pamene kuika mizu amachiritsidwa mosamala (akhoza kuikidwa mu thumba kapena chidebe).
Mbewu imabadwa mabokosi ang'onoang'ono. Ndikofunika kusunga mikhalidwe yapadera ya kucha. Kuchita izi si kophweka, wokhala ndi chidziwitso yekha akhoza kuchita izo.
Zosamalira
Izi Chomera chokula bwino chimafuna malo ofunda ndi ofunda. Kutentha kumafunika kusungidwa pa madigiri 15 mpaka 22. Pa kutentha pamwamba kapena pansi pa chizindikiro ichi, matenda amawoneka.
Wakulira pawindo m'nyengo ya chilimwe, timaluwa timasunthira kumapeto kwa zenera kuti tipewe kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira zomera zimachokera ku gwero lakutentha pafupi ndi dzuwa. Zosintha za mtundu umenewu wa Saintpaulia salola.
Khalani ndi "Bronze Horseman" kumpoto, kumadzulo ndi kummawa. Kum'mwera, sakhazikitsa kuti chomeracho "sichiwotche". Zofunikira zinkasokoneza kuwala. Kwa nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuwala kochokera ku nyali za fulorosenti. Kupanda kutero, masambawo amatha, ndipo masamba - atha.
Chinyezi chovomerezeka pa duwa - 50%. Silingathe kupepetsedwa chifukwa cha chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi thanki ndi madzi. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera nthawi zonse.
Sungani nthaka tsiku lomwelo ndi madzi omwewo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, m'chilimwe - maulendo 2.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumaphedwa kuchokera ku khola. Kuthirira koipa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtundu uwu wa violet.. Pachifukwa ichi, zomera zokha zimalandira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimafunikira.
Podyetsa, mtundu wa Saintpaulia si wovuta kwambiri. Sungani zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka zonse. Pamene maluwa amapanga mchere zovuta mankhwala. Amagulitsidwa m'masitolo a maluwa. Pokonzekera yankho, mlingo wokwanira kawiri kawiri kuposa umene umasonyezedwa m'malamulowo ndi wofunikira. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito masabata awiri mpaka atatu.
Malamulo obzala ndi kukula
Dothi la maluwa awa liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso ndi kuwonjezera kwa perlite ndi vermiculite.
Gulu lapansili likhoza kugulidwa mu mawonekedwe omaliza kapena kuphika nokha. Izi zimafuna tsamba, tchire ndi peat muchuluka cha 3: 2: 1. Madzi otsika pansi pa mphika ayenera kukhala ndi miyala ndi miyala yowonongeka.
Kwa Violet Horse ya Copper, zida zosaya bwino ndizoyenera. Miphika yooneka ngati maonekedwe ndi yabwino kuposa mawangamawanga.
Kutalika kwa thanki kuyenera kukhala 10 - 15 masentimita ndipo osakhalanso. Ndikofunika kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, pamene chomeracho chidzayamba kukula ndi masamba. Miphika yabwino ya Saintpaulia iyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe. (dongo, ceramics, nkhuni extruded).
Mtundu umenewu suyenera kuikidwa chifukwa cha mizu yofooka. Kuti iye azisamalira moyenera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mukamasunthira ku mizu mpira, perekani gawo lapansi, mopepuka kuwaza madzi.
Kuberekera pogwiritsa ntchito masamba a cuttings, kotero mukhoza kukula kumera. Njira yoberekera mbeu pogwiritsa ntchito alimi odziwa zambiri, chifukwa ndi ntchito yovuta. Koma izi zimakhala zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya violets inalengedwa.
Matenda otheka
Mwa zina zomwe zimachitika mochedwa mochedwa, imvi ndi bulauni zowola, mizu zowola. Kukula kwa matenda kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi malamulo a agrotechnology (madzi, madzi ozizira, kutentha kwakukulu, ndi kutentha kwambiri).
Kuchiza kwa mankhwalawa:
- Maxi
- Aktara.
- Zidzatero.
- Actofit.
- Fitoverm.
Tizilombo:
- aphid;
- zopanda;
- thrips;
- nematodes.
Mukawoneka, chotsani mbali zonse zakukhudzidwa. Ndi tizilombo ta matepi timamenya bwino.
Kutsiliza
Violet "The Horseman Bronze" ndi maluwa ake aakulu mu chipinda ndi makonde ndi kukongola kwake. Zimatengera khama ndikusamalira kutalika maluwa.. Saintpaulia ayenera kutetezedwa mwachindunji dzuwa, kutsatira ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi zinthu. Muyenera kuthirira nthawi zonse zomwe zimadalira nthawi ya chaka. Pakati pa maluwa, chomeracho chimafuna mchere wambiri.
