Begonia ndi chomera cha banja la Begoniyev ndipo amakongoletsa malo, mapaki komanso nyumba. M'dziko lapansi muli mitundu pafupifupi 900 yambiri ya zomera. Mzinda wa Begonias - Southeast Asia. Kukula kwazomera kungakhale kuyambira 5 cm mpaka 3 mamita m'litali.
M'nkhaniyi, muphunziranso zinsinsi zakusamalira begonia yamaluwa kunyumba.
Mavuto okondweretsa kukula kwa begonias
Begonias ndi odzichepetsa ndipo akusamalidwa ndi matenda, koma funso la kukula kwa begonia ndilofala. Tiyenera kukumbukira malamulo atatu osamalira mbewu: kubwezeretsanso, kudyetsa nthawi ndi kuthirira moyenera. Izi zidzakambidwa m'magulu otsatirawa.
Mukudziwa? Chomeracho chinatchedwa dzina la bwanamkubwa wa Haiti - M. Begon.
Kuunikira
Kuti begonia akondwere ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, m'pofunika kupereka chomeracho ndi kuunikira bwino, kopasuka bwino. Samalani kuti masamba a begonia asagwire dzuwa - izi zimawotcha. Ngati mulibe mwayi wokula begonia pawindo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fitolampy. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito fitolamps ziwiri. 
Kutentha
Kutentha kutentha, begonia amamva bwino kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kumagwa pansi pa 16 ° C kapena kupitirira 28 ° C, masamba ndi maluwa amauma ndi kugwa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Begonias amafunika chinyezi chachikulu - pafupifupi 60%. M'nyengo yozizira, zina zowonjezera mpweya zimafunika. Izi zingapezeke mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Zowuma ndi ozizira ndizoyenera tuberous begonias. Sasowa chinyezi chapamwamba. Mitundu ya shrub yomwe imalephera kuuma mphepo m'nyengo yozizira, koma kupopera kumapwetekanso.
Zomwe zimasamalira begonia nthawi yamaluwa
Ambiri amadabwa momwe angadyetse begonia chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa begonia imayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza feteleza, koma musanayambe kuchita bwino kuti mupange potaziyamu nitrate.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kufalikira maluwa, ndiye kuti maluwa amatha kutayika nthawi zonse.
Kumapeto kwa maluwa begonias kukonzekera chomera kuti mupumule. Kuti muchite izi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira mpaka gawo la pamwamba liume. Zowonongeka masamba, mapesi, mphukira ndi kudulira maluwa. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kosapitirira 12 ° C. Nthawi yotsalayo imakhala kuyambira November mpaka March.
Konzani kudulira begonias
M'gawo lino, tikufotokozerani, Momwe mungadulire begonia pambuyo pa maluwa kuti mbeu yanu ikule, ikuwoneka yang'ono komanso yathanzi. Ndi phesi kutalika kwa 6-8 masentimita, chodulira choyamba chikuchitika. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira kumachepa mwachidule. Pamene lateral njira kufika 10-12 cm, pinching ikuchitika. Pambuyo pake, chotsani mphukira youma ndi masamba. Zikhoza kutsogolera matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Pa machiritso ofulumira kwambiri, malo odulidwa amachizidwa ndi makala.
Kukonza kumachitika ndi mpeni, monga lumo lingakhoze kuvulaza begonia. Njira zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri. Choyamba, ndikofunika kuti apangidwe korona wachinyamata. Kusinthanitsa kumalimbikitsa zomera. Kudulira kumathandizira kukongola kwa chitsamba. Kukonza ndi kupinikizira kumachitika chaka ndi chaka, chifukwa kumathandizanso kubwezeretsa begonia.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simudula maluwa panthawi yake, masamba a begonia adzatsika ndi kukula ndipo nthawi yamaluwa idzachepetsedwa.
Zomwe zimayambira kuziika bwino
Kuwotchera ndi njira yofunikira kukula kwa begonias, ndipo mu gawo ili tidzapeza pamene pakufunika kubzala begonia ndi momwe tingachitire.
Nthawi zambiri opaleshoniyi imadalira mtundu wa begonia. Mitundu ya tuberous iyenera kubzalidwa pachaka ndi kusintha kwa nthaka ndi mphika pamene mizu ikukula.
Kusindikiza kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu mphika, ndipo mizu imachotsedwa ku nthaka yakale. Ndiye chomeracho chimayikidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kuchepetsa mizu. Ikani mchenga ndi miyala pansi pa mphika. Chomeracho chimadzazidwa ndi nthaka yatsopano, kusiya malo pang'ono pamwamba (2-3 cm). Patatha masabata angapo nthaka yadzaza pamwamba. Kwa mwezi umodzi, begonia imasowa madzi ambiri.
Zomwe zimasamalira begonia kumnyengo yozizira
Mkhalidwe wathu wa nyengo, ndi zomveka kufunsa momwe tingakonzekere bwino ku begonia m'nyengo yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, begonia imayenera dzuwa. Kuti muchite izi, ikani chophika chomera pawindo pansi pa dzuwa kwa maola angapo. Kuthirira panthawi imodzimodziyo kumakhala koyenera, koma nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole kuti madzi amwetsedwe mopitirira muyeso, izo zidzatsogolera kuvunda kwa mizu.M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimachepa kukula ndipo zimafuna kupuma. Pa nthawi yomweyi kudyetsa ndi kuziika ziyenera kusamutsidwa kufikira masika.
Kubala begonias kunyumba
Tsopano ndi nthawi yolankhula za momwe mungachulukire begonia kunyumba. Mukhoza kufalitsa mbewuyo mothandizidwa ndi masamba a cuttings, zimayambira ndikugawanitsa chitsamba.
Makhalidwe a Leaf
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa floriculture. Cuttings ndi mbali za zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mufalitsa wofalitsa. Kubereka kumeneku kungakhoze kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mizu, tsinde ndi tsamba la cuttings.
Kuswana kungakhoze kuchitika m'njira zingapo: tsamba lonse ndi tsinde, masamba onse opanda tsinde, gawo la tsamba la masamba.
Kubzala tsamba lonse ndi tsinde ndiloyenera mitundu ina ya begonias. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumadalira pa chilengedwe cha rooting ya kudula. Ngati mumayambitsa rooting m'madzi, scape ayenera kukhala 3-4 cm long, ngati pansi ndi 1-1.5 masentimita.
Kufalitsa ndi tsamba lonse popanda tsinde ndiloyenera mtundu wa Rex begonia. Kuti muchite izi, pamagulu a begoniya mupange mabala a mitsempha yambiri ndikugona pansi pambali. Pambuyo pake, masambawa amangiridwa, ndipo m'malo amadulidwa, pakapita kanthawi, mphukira zatsopano zimapangidwira.
Mukudziwa? Kwa zokongoletsera, begonia anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1890.
Kufalikira kwa mbali ya tsambali ndi koyenera kwa begonia begonia ndi masoni begonia. Chomeracho chinadula mbali ya tsamba pansi pamtunda wa 4-5 masentimita. Anabzala mwamphamvu masentimita 1-1.5 ndikuyika maulendo ang'onoang'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo tsamba la begonia lisagwire pansi.
Pofuna kupeza zonse zomwe zimachokera ku tsamba locheka tsamba, m'pofunika kukhalabe ndi zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito. Tsamba liyenera kuthyoledwa ku chomera chabwino. Masamba akale si abwino, chifukwa sangathe kubwezeretsanso ndipo amafota msanga. Zofunikira za chisamaliro cha cuttings - chinyezi, kuunikira ndi kutentha. Malingana ngati masambawa alibe mizu, sangathe kutunga madzi, choncho ndikofunika kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
Kuunikira kuyenera kusokonezeka, monga kuwala kwachindunji kumayambitsa kutentha ndi kuyaka. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20-25 ° C.
Gawo losalala limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi. Pachifukwa ichi, mchenga ndi peat zimasakanizidwa mu magawo ofanana. Peat imaletsa chitukuko cha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Vermiculite yoyera ikhoza kubweranso. Sikuti imangotenga chinyezi chokwanira, koma imaperekanso ku chomera ngati pakufunika.
Mukudziwa? Kununkhira kwa maluwa a begonia kumathandizira kuchotsa bronchi komanso ndi fyuluta yabwino ya anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chosokoneza bongo.
Ambiri amafukula akudziwa momwe angameretse begonia atabereka. Yankho lathu ndilo kuti chomeracho sichiyenera kukhala ndi umuna poyamba.
Ndi njira iyi yobalera sayenera kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, chifukwa samapereka zotsatira zowoneka mofulumira, ndipo ikhoza kuchepetsa maonekedwe a mphukira zatsopano.
Zimayambira
Kufalitsa ndi stem cuttings ndiyo njira yosavuta. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito masamba obiriwira.
Choyamba konzani cuttings - kuti muchite izi, kudula ndi masamba 3-5. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pa nthawi ya chitukuko cholimbika komanso kukula kwa mbeu ya makolo. Izi zinachitika mu May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Dulani zidutswa kuchokera ku apical bud (ndi kotheka kuchokera pakati ndi masamba angapo). Zigawo zimawaza ndi malasha opunduka kuti zisawononge. Cuttings abzalidwa mu gawo lapansi la mchenga, tsamba ndi peat nthaka mofanana mbali. Kuthirira kumachitika moyenera. Chomeracho chimakhala chofunda komanso kuwala. Mizu ya cuttings muzu pamwezi.
Kugawa chitsamba
Kubereka mwanjira imeneyi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma begonia kuti chitsamba bwino ndikupanga mizu yowonjezera.
Mukudziwa? Michel Begon pa moyo wake sanaone begonia, yomwe idamupatsa ulemerero ku dziko lonse lapansi.
Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mumphika ndikuchotsa zowonjezereka, mapesi a maluwa ndi masamba akulu. Pambuyo pake, mizu imatsuka pansi. Kenaka ndi mpeni, chomeracho chigawike m'magawo awiri kuti mizu ikhale pambali iliyonse ya chomera. Mizu izuke ndizuzu mizu m'miphika yosiyana. Ndi bwino kutenga miphika yotsika, monga mizu ya chomera ndi yaing'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ngalande - lalikulu dothi lokulitsidwa.
Mukamabzala mwanjira ina iliyonse, musafufuze mutu wa kudula.
Mutabzala, phulani chitsamba nthawi zambiri. Kwa masiku awiri oyambirira mutabzala, ndi bwino kuika mphika pamalo amdima.
