Chimodzi mwa zodzikongoletsera zomera ndi marigolds. Zitsamba zowonongeka, zowonongeka zonse zamaluwa a chilimwe kapena maluwa ofiira, zimapezeka m'mapaki, alleys ndi minda.
Fungo lapadera la marigolds limadzetsa tizilombo zambiri, koma pali tizirombo zomwe zimakhala ndi kudyetsa maluwa. Maphikidwe a anthu ndi mankhwala amathandiza kuteteza maluwa. Nkhaniyi idzawone momwe mungapangire maluwa ku nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tina, komanso momwe tingachitire matenda.
Mwachidule za zomera
Mitengo yamaluwa yosatha ya Aster banja ku Russia amatchedwa "marigolds". Dzina la sayansi ndi Tagetes. Ku Ulaya, maluwa anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma XVI, akufika ku Old World kuchokera ku America pa zombo za ogonjetsa. Kwazaka zambiri za ntchito, obereketsa akhala akubala pafupifupi 60 mitundu ndi marigold hybrids. Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi kudzichepetsa kwa mbewu kunapangitsa kuti azitchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu ya marigold, komanso kuona kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha maluwa pano, komanso za momwe mungasamalirire mawonedwe amodzi, werengani pano.
Marigolds - baka ndi erect tsinde, pinnately dissected masamba osiyanasiyana shades wa wobiriwira ndi yowala inflorescences. Chikhalidwe kutalika kuyambira 20 mpaka 100 masentimita. Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya ma tagget imakula mu zokongoletsera zamaluwa:
- kukanidwa;
- kumanga;
- woonda-wotsika.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere chowongoka Chokhazikika, Chotsekeka, Chotsutsa mitundu ya marigolds pansi, komanso kudziwa chithunzi cha maluwa pano.
Mitundu ya marigold imakhala ndi chrysanthemum, kawiri ndi theka-maluwa awiri. Kujambula mitundu yobiriwira ndi yoyera, yachikasu, yalanje, yofiira kapena iwiri.
Matenda ndi mankhwala awo
Kusamalira marigolds ndi kophweka, koma ngati malingaliro odzala ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyontho akuphwanyidwa, maluwawo amakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana.
Msolo wakuda
Vuto lofala kwambiri la mbande zamagetsi - maonekedwe a mdima wandiweyani pansi pa tsinde. Ichi ndi matenda a fungal wotchedwa Blackleg.
Zilonda zawonongeka. Mbeu zowonjezereka zidapitsidwira ku nthaka ina, zisanayambe kuchitidwa ndi fungicide.
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, mbewu za zomera ndi nthaka musanabzala zimatengedwa ndi fungicide, mankhwala omwe amawononga bowa.
Mizu yovunda
Mavuto ndi mizu amakhudza maonekedwe a chomera. Iyo imafota, imatembenuka chikasu, kenako imafa. Palibe mankhwala. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu yovunda kumaphatikizapo kutsata njira zamagetsi - kubzala maluwa m'dothi lotayirira, kuthirira madzi okwanira. N'zosatheka kudyetsa mbande ndi manyowa abwino. Nyengoyi ndi chaka chotsatira sikufunika kudzala zomera m'madera omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Matenda a chiwindi
Zizindikiro za matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a marigolds amawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a masamba ndi masamba, kusowa kwa mbewu, chikasu cha zimayambira. Pa masamba amaoneka mawanga akuda ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa mkuwa. Matendawa akhoza kuyamba pachigawo chilichonse cha chitukuko.
Ndikofunikira! Zomera ndi zizindikiro zolembedwera zimatulutsidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Tizilombo - chithunzi, ndondomeko ndi mayendedwe
Mizere ya marigolds onunkhira kawirikawiri imawoneka m'mabedi a masamba. Maluwa samabzalidwa osati kukongoletsera zokongola, koma ngati njira yobwezera tizirombo. Zimapewa ndi ntchentche za anyezi, zoweta, ndi zimbalangondo. Sizilombo zonse zomwe zimaopa phytoncides zomwe zimabisika ndi zomera.. Nyongolotsi zina zimakhala m'mabichi a marigold, kuwononga kukongola kwa maluwa. Pansipa, tidzanena ndi kusonyeza yemwe amadya zimayambira ndikudya masamba a zomera.
Aphid
Kukula kwa thupi kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi 3-7 mm, mutu wake uli ndi proboscis, wokhoza kupukuta masamba ndi zimayambira kudyetsa chomeracho. Tizilombo timakhala m'madera akuluakulu omwe amachititsa kuti maluwa ayambe kukula. Nsabwe za aphid zimakopa tizilombo tina ndikuthandizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwoneke.
Kodi wamaluwa amathetsa bwanji nsabwe za m'masamba? Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuphulika mwamsanga ndi imfa ya tizilombo. Pambuyo pokonza, amalowa m'thupi la tizilombo pamodzi ndi chomeracho. Ntchito yotetezera imatha mpaka masabata atatu. Zina mwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito: "Spark", "Aktara", "Fufanon." Mukhoza kupanga maluwa ndi njira zowonjezera "Fitoverm". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa marigolds kumunda ndi kutentha.
Slugs ndi misomali
Mu mvula yachilimwe slugs ndi misomali zimawoneka mumdima wandiweyani wa taggettes. Zili zovuta kuzipeza, mollusks amawoneka usiku. Zotsatira za zakudya zawo ndi mabowo m'masamba, zimayambira. Maluwa a chaka chilichonse amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Dziwani kuti mdani akhoza kukhala pamsewu wa kamasi wouma.
Chizindikiro! Njira yabwino yomenyera zida ndi kukhazikitsa misampha. Pafupi ndi maluwa anaika matabwa, zidutswa za plywood kapena burlap, kabichi masamba. Pansi pa zinthu izi masana slugs adzabisala. Kudzala malo ogona, amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Kukonzekera granulated "Mvula" idzakuthandizira kuthetsa vuto mwamsanga. Pamene kufalitsidwa ndikofunika kuteteza chitetezo cha tsamba lopuma. Slugs ndi nkhono zimawopsedwa ndi mpiru wa mpiru, infusions wa anyezi ndi adyo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zimayambira ndi masamba a chomera.
Kupuma
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta 1-2 mm kukula timadziwika bwino kwa alimi amaluwa. Iwo samangoyamwa kuyamwa kwa zomera, komanso amafalitsa matenda. Zimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza. Pamaso pa tizirombo timene timapanga timadzi timene timakhala pamatumbo, tinthu tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena timadzi timene timatulutsa maluwa. Chidule cha kufalitsa chikugwera masiku otentha, pamene mbadwo watsopanowu umatuluka mwamsanga kuchokera mazira omwe adayikidwa.
Tagetes ikhoza kupulumutsidwa ku tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Poyamba zizindikiro za matenda, njira yothetsera "Karate", "Intavir", "Aktellik" yakonzedwa. Njira zimadzipiritsidwa m'madzi molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga. Kupopera maluwawo kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo nyengo yabwino.
Kangaude mite
Kamwana kakang'ono kameneka kamakhala kotentha kwambiri. Mite yoyamba imakhudza mbande zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'nyumba. Koma popanda kusowa madzi, amawonekera pa zomera zazikulu. Zizindikiro za kuukira tizilombo ndi:
- maonekedwe a kuwala kwa masamba;
- kuchotsa malo okhudzidwa ndi nsabwe zochepa;
- kuyanika kwa masamba oonongeka (kuti mudziwe zambiri za marigold zouma ndi chochita nazo, werengani apa).
Ukulu wa tizilombo ndi 0.6-1 mm. Nkhumba zimakhala m'madera, kubisa kumbuyo kwa masamba. Akuluakulu ndi ana awo amathyola minofu ya marigolds ndikudyetsa. Pamene anthu akukula, tizirombo timasankhidwa pamwamba pa maluwa, ndikupanga ukonde pakati pa zimayambira. Mitengo yofooka imakhala yotetezeka ku mavairasi ndi matenda.
Chinthu choyamba kuchita pamene webusaiti imapezeka, yambani chomeracho ndi madzi kuchokera ku phula. Izi zidzalola kusamba zina mwa tizirombo ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.
Kutsekemera kwa adyo kumathandizira kuchotsa nkhupakupa (200 g ya mankhwalawa pa 1 l madzi), 5 ml ya kuikapo kwake amadzipukutira ndi 1 l madzi.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo sangamve fungo la fodya. Kuchokera masamba ake (250 g), sopo yotsuka (50 g) ndi 3 malita a madzi, konzekerani kulowetsedwa. Pambuyo pa mankhwala 2-3, tizirombo timataya.
Zakudya zamakono ndizofulumira kwambiri kuchotsa nthata za akangaude. "Antikleshch" - chida chopangidwa ndi malathion. Zochita za acaricide zikuwonekera pambuyo pa maola pang'ono, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yotentha. Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "Apollo", "Akarin", "Neoron".
Mbozi
Kudya masamba obiriwira ndizo zotsatira za mbozi. Atakhazikika pa webusaitiyi, nkhope za agulugufe amadya zosiyanasiyana amadyera popanda kunyalanyaza marigolds. Maluwa oonongeka samasowa kukongoletsa kwawo.
Thandizani kuononga tizilombo kumatanthauza polojekiti yothandizana nayo "Arrivo", "Akarin." Njira yothetsera mankhwala opopera pa maluwa. Amalowa m'thupi la mbozi ndi chakudya. Tizilombo timatha maola angapo.
Njira zothandizira
Nthawi yamaluwa ya marigold imagwa pa nyengo yotentha kwambiri m'chilimwe. (kuti muwone momwe maluwa amawonera pa chithunzi, komanso kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake chomeracho sichitha masamba, apa). Kuti muteteze mavuto ndi nthata zamagulu ndi thrips, muyenera kumwa madzi ndi kupopera zomera nthawi zonse. Kutentha kwakwanira kumalepheretsa maonekedwe a tizirombo.
Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi maonekedwe a tizirombo, zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- Kupalira nthawi ndi kutulutsa malo pakati pa tchire la marigolds.
- Kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi kachilombo.
- Kutsata ndi kuthirira.
- Kuyamba kwa phosphorous kapena phosphorous-potassium feteleza nthawiyi (zambiri za momwe mungadyetse "Chernobrovtsy" kwa maluwa ambiri, mungapeze apa).
Malangizo. Kumayambiriro kwa dzuŵa la tchire lamtengo wapatali wa chaka chilichonse m'nthaka kumateteza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal.
Zambiri za momwe mungatetezere marigolds omwe mumawakonda ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, tawuza nkhaniyi.
Mu zimayambira, mizu ndi masamba a marigold ali ndi yogwira ntchito - phytoncides, kupewa matenda ambiri. Kusamalira bwino maluwa, kutsatiridwa ndi ndondomeko yoyenera ya kuthirira kumakuthandizani kusunga zomera zokongola ndi zathanzi. Kubzala mateti m'munda m'munda kumathandiza kuteteza masamba ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maatodes.
