Maapulo a mitundu yozizira: nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kukonzekera kusungirako? Malangizo a kusamalira mtengo mutatha kukolola

Kukolola m'nyengo yozizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo ndi ntchito yovuta imene imafuna nthawi yokwanira, kukonza zitsulo ndi malo osungiramo zipatso. Osadziwa zambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa perederzhivat zipatso pamtengo, chifukwa cha mtengo wa apulo watha ndipo salola kulekerera.

Kukolola kwa nthawi ndi theka la nkhondo, pofuna kusunga makhalidwe ake kwa nthawi yaitali, nkofunika kukonzekera kusungirako.

Mbali za zipatso zakucha

Zipatso za mitundu yozizira ya apulo zimakhala ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi fungo losatha. Zimatha kumapeto kwa September kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, pamene zipatso zina zatha kale. Mitundu yotengedwa kuchokera ku nthambi mu kugwa (pamaso chisanu), khala ndi maulendo aatali aatali.

Ali ndi zipatso zazikulu zokhala ndi mchere wambiri, makamaka potaziyamu ndi chitsulo. Mu maapulo pali pectin, mavitamini B1 ndi B2, zakudya zamagetsi. Zipatso zili ndi peel wamphamvu, zowonjezera zamkati. Iwo ali oyenera nthawi yosungirako ndi kayendedwe.

Information. Mu ulimi wamtundu wa zipatso, nyengo yachisanu ya apulo imatenga malo ambiri a minda ya zipatso.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri

• Bogatyr - zikuluzikulu zazikulu zobiriwira zobiriwira. Mnofu ndi wokoma ndi wowawasa. Kutuluka kumabwera kumapeto kwa December. Pofuna kudula maapulo mumafunika mu October, pamene zipatso zatha kupeza madzi musanafike chisanu.
• Aport - maapulo akuluakulu ofiira okhala ndi pepala lofiira amakhala ndi thupi. Kukoma ndi kokoma ndi kowawasa, kudyetsedwa mwatsopano kapena kupita kwa timadziti, marmalade, kupanikizana. Mbewuyo imachotsedwa kumapeto kwa September, imapsa mwezi.
• Antonovka - oyambirira m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka otchuka. Maapulo ali ndi chikasu chobiriwira, thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, lokoma ndi yowawasa. Chotsani chipatso mu September. Popanda processing yosungidwa miyezi itatu.
• Jonathan - zipatso zofiira zozungulira zonyezimira ndi zofiira zonyezimira. Thupi ndi lokoma, ndi juiciness wapamwamba ndi fungo losangalatsa. Chotsatira chikulimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa September. Mu nyengo yozizira, zimasungidwa mpaka April - May, mu kutentha storages - mpaka February.

Kodi ndi nthawi yanji yomwe imatengedwa kuti yosungirako?

Maapulo a dzinja amachotsedwa pakati pa autumn, ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yomaliza ntchito musanafike chimfine. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya maapulo, kucha kucha kwa zipatso zomwe zasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali sichiloledwa. Iwo amafika kukhwima osati mu nthambi za mtengo, koma mabokosi. Zokolola zimayamba pamene mapeto a September abwera.

Maapulo adakali ovuta komanso owawa, ali ndi kuchuluka kwa wowuma. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3 pakutha, zipatso zimakhala ndi mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imatchulidwa kuti fungo limatuluka. Mtedza umayambira hydrolysis, kutembenukira mu sucrose ndi shuga. Maapulo amakhala okoma komanso owometsera.

Nthaŵi ya mbeu imakhudzidwa ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha, zipatso zimabuka kale, m'nyengo yozizira, kukhwima kumasinthidwa kwa milungu ingapo. Kuwonjezera pa kalendala Akatswiri amadziwa nthawi imene muyenera kusonkhanitsa maapulo osungirako, malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo:

1. kukula kwa chipatso;
2. nthawi ya maluwa, kuganizira kutentha;
3. mtundu wophimba;
4. kuchuluka kwake kwa wowuma;
5. makulidwe a pulp.

Zokwanira kwa wamaluwa kudziwa malamulo oyambirira pamene achotsa maapulo kusungirako, kuti asaphonye nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsira:

• maapulo ali osiyana kwambiri ndi nthambi pamodzi ndi tsinde;
• mbewu zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda;
• Zipatso ndizovuta komanso zowawa, koma zazikulu.

Momwe mungapezere nthawi yeniyeni ya maapulo okonzera:

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji zipatso?

Kukolola zipatso kumakhala ndi malamulo ake, kuyambira kusankha nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku ndi njira yosankha maapulo. Mitengo yachisanu yomwe imayikidwa pa nthawi yosungirako, makamaka Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo osonkhanitsa:

1. Musamwe madzi mtengo musanakolole.
2. Sankhani kuti nyengo youma. Ndi bwino kuyamba kudya pamene mame akuma. Zipatso ziyenera kukhala zouma, chinyezi chimapangitsa kufala kwa matenda.
3. Choyamba, maapulo amadulidwa kuchokera kumunsi nthambi, pang'onopang'ono akusunthira ku korona.
4. Zipatso sizingathe kukoka, nthambi zowonongeka. Zimatengedwa m'manja ndikukwera, kukweza. Ndi teknolojia iyi, tsinde lakhala lolekanitsidwa bwino ndi nthambi. Kukhalapo kwake ndi chitsimikizo chabwino cha kusungirako kwa nthawi yayitali.
5. Zipatso zimachotsedwa ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe mosamala, kuyesera kuti asawononge peel ndi sera ya sera.
6. Choyamba, amachotsa maapulo kuchokera kumbali ya kumwera kwa mtengowo, kumene amabala poyamba.

Chenjerani. Simungathe kugwedeza mtengo kuti mutenge zipatso pa nthambi zapamwamba.

Ngati chipatsocho chikawonongeka pakagwa, sangathe kuchotsedwa kuti asungidwe. Maapulowa mwamsanga amavunda okha ndi kuwononga zipatso zotsatira.

Maapulo ochokera ku nthambi zazikulu amang'ambika pogwiritsa ntchito otsogolera kapena zipangizo zamakono - plodars. Iyi ndi nyumba yomangira pulasitiki yogula kapena yokongoletsedwa yokhala ndi mapepala odulidwa pamphepete. Imamangirizidwa ndi ndodo yaitali ndipo imakulolani kuchotsa mosamala zipatso. Wormy, zipatso zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka zimakanidwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chokonzekera.

Momwe mungasankhire maapulo osungirako:

Kukonzekera tabu yachisanu

Asanaikidwe pa nthawi yosungirako nthawi yaitali, maapulo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa. Gawo loyamba likukonza. Zipatso zimasankhidwa malinga ndi magawo angapo:

• kukula - yaying'ono, yamkati, yayikulu;
• khalidwe - peel lonse, kusowa kwa wormholes ndi kuwonongeka kwina, kupezeka kwa tsinde;
• zosiyanasiyana - malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, maapulo amasiyana mu alumali moyo.

Maapulo sayenera kutayidwa mumlengalenga mutatha kukolola kwa nthawi yaitali, ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo muwatumize ku sitolo.

Kodi mungasunge bwanji ndi kusunga?

Kusungirako maapulo kwa nthawi yaitali kungatheke pamene kutentha kuli kochepa - 2-5 ° C. Mthunzi mu chipinda ndi nkhani, ziyenera kukhala mu 85-90%. Mu microclimate youma, zipatso zimafulumira ndi kuzizira.

Zitsulo ndi mchenga wouma zimathandiza kupeŵa izi. Ngati chipinda chapansi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako, chiyenera kukonzedwa. Kuyeretsa, kuyeretsa makoma ndi njira yothetsera laimu ndi mkuwa sulphate. Disinfection imachotsa mabakiteriya ndi bowa zomwe zimawopsyeza maapulo.

Maapulo akhoza kuikidwa m'njira zingapo:

1. Zipatso zilizonse zikulumikizidwa mu pepala ndikuphwanyika pamwamba pa tsinde, zikhoza kuikidwa m'magawo angapo;
2. maapulo owazidwa ndi mchenga kapena utuchi woyera, sayenera kugwirana, kuika mu bokosi la 3-4 zigawo;
3. mu mapepala apulasitiki otsekedwa bwino, maapulo amatsanuliridwa mu makilogalamu 5-7, kusungidwa mu chipinda chapansi kapena mu dzenje pamsewu, wophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Malo omwe maapulo angayikidwe yosungirako angakhale awa: chipinda chamasitolo, khonde, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, firiji.

Ndikofunikira! Maapulo sayenera kusungidwa pafupi ndi zipatso zina ndi masamba. Amatulutsa ethylene, yomwe imayambitsa mankhwala.

M'nyengo yozizira, zipatso zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse., maapulo ovunda achotsedwa.

Mmene mungapulumutsire maapulo m'nyengo yozizira:

Kusamalira mtengo mutatha kukolola

Chisamaliro chochita bwino cha m'dzinja chimathandiza kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yotetezeka komanso kukolola kwakukulu kwa chaka chotsatira. Zimaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo.

1. Kutsekemera kotsitsa kuthirira - isanafike nyengo yozizira iyenera kukhala yothira bwino. Izi zidzalola kuti mizu ikule ndikupeza zakudya. Kusungunuka mosamala kwa mamita osachepera mamita kudzateteza nyengo yozizira. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira zaka za mtengo wa apulo: Mtengo wawung'ono umafunika 50 malita, 100-150 malita.
2. Kupaka pamwamba - Mtengowo umayenera kulimbikitsa nthaka ndi fetashi feteleza ndi superphosphates. Iwo amadziwika nthawi yomweyo ndi kuthirira, kusungunuka m'madzi. Mlingo: 50 g wa kloride ya potaziyamu ndi 100 g ya phosphate pa 10 malita a madzi.
3. Kutupa makungwa - lichens ndi moss amachotsedwa pamwamba pa thunthu. Makungwa akale amachotsedwa pamodzi ndi tizirombo tibisala kumbuyo kwake.
4. Kulamulira tizilombo - kupopera mbewu mankhwala a urea kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa apulo la nkhanambo. Bordeaux madzi amathandiza kuchotsa bowa (3%).
5. Mphungu - Njirayi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa November. Zowonjezerazi zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku laimu (2.5 makilogalamu), mkuwa sulphate (0.5 makilogalamu), nkhuni guluu (0,2 makilogalamu) pa 10 malita a madzi.
6. Mulching - mutatha kusonkhanitsa masamba ndikukumba nthaka kuzungulira mtengo wa apulo, kutsanulira mulch - kompositi, humus kapena peat.

Amaluwa ena amavala thunthu pogwiritsa ntchito chisanu ndi ntchentche, koma izi sizofunika.

Maapulo - imodzi mwa zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso zathanzi. Mitengo yachisanu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mavitamini ambiri ndipo imakhala ndi makhalidwe awo kwa miyezi yambiri. Zipatso zokhala ndi zotsekemera zamkati ndi khungu lamene zimapatsa olima munda zinthu zothandiza mpaka kasupe lotsatira. Maapulo akhoza kudyetsedwa mwatsopano kapena kusinthidwa kukhala compotes, jams, zipatso zouma.