Monga mukudziwira, nkhuku zokhazikika pamagulu zimagawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri: zina zimapangidwa kuti zikhale nyama, zina ndi mazira. Komabe, kwa banja laling'ono, zokondweretsa kwambiri ndizo mitundu yonse ya nkhuku zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera onsewa. Leningrad calico ndi mbalamezi.
Mbiri ya mtunduwu
Monga momwe mungaganizire ndi dzina la mtunduwo, zimawonekera kwa oyang'anira abambo kuchokera ku ofesi ya All-Union Scientific Research Institute ya Genetics ndi kulima kwa Zinyama Zanyama zomwe zili mumzindawu pa mtsinje wa Neva.
Werengani komanso za mtundu wa nkhuku ndi nkhuku monga: Rhode Island, Orlovskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Moscow, Jubilee Kuchinsky ndi Yurlovskaya vociferous.
Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu itatu ya nkhuku za Leningrad, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono:
- Golden gray mtundu wa chilengedwe, zotsatira za kuwoloka Leggorn ndi nkhuku zowirira, zikuwonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70 - zaka za m'ma 80s. wa zaka zapitazi.
- White, nyama yochuluka ya nkhuku inkapezeka panthawi yomweyi mwa kuika magazi magazi ambiri ndi dzira la Australorps ku White Leghorn, ndipo atatha kukonza zofunikira zowonjezeredwa za kuzipatsa kuwonjezera "ku" mwiniwake wa golide wa dziko la St. Petersburg.
- Calico, yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera komanso zoonjezera zowonjezera chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa mitundu iwiri ya Leningrad yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi nyama ndi dzira la New Hampshire, Australorp ndi Poltava dongo. Pa obereketsa awa akuyesera kuphatikiza zizindikiro zazikulu kwambiri za kulemera kwake kwa mbalame ndi kulemera kwake kwa mazira, omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri nyama ndi nkhuku nkhuku.
Kufotokozera ndi zinthu
Mu maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a khalidwe la Leningrad calico njira yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsira mbali za mitundu yonse yomwe inagwira nawo pakupanga jini.
Onetsetsani nkhuku zokongoletsera monga: Araucana, Ayam Tsemani, Hamburg, Chinese Silk ndi Sebright.
Kunja
"Khadi la bizinesi" la mbalame ndi lopangidwa modabwitsa kwambiri la mitundu itatu, yomwe imaphatikizapo mtundu woyera, wakuda ndi wofiira womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthenga iliyonse. Kawirikawiri, nkhuku iyi ikhoza kuonedwa ngati yokongoletsera, ngakhale kuti kwenikweni sikunapangidwe kukongola konse. 
Nkhalango ya Leningradka calico ndi yaying'ono, miyeso ndi yaing'ono, ziwalo zonse za thupi ndizopangika ndipo sizingakhale popanda kukongola kwake. Mutu ndi waung'ono, khosi silikula kwambiri, kumbuyo kuli kolunjika, ndipo chifuwacho ndi chachikulu. Dothi la pinki liri ndi mawonekedwe ngati tsamba kapena pinki, kakoko kamakula bwino, ndolo zimakhala zofiira kapena pinki, khungu ndi lowala, ndipo miyendo imakhala yakuda. Mchira uli waung'ono, mapikowo amakula bwino ndipo amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu thupi.
Zizindikiro zolemera
Nkhuku za mtundu uwu zimakhala ndi thupi lolemera 2.1-2.3 makilogalamu, ndipo pafupifupi 400 g amuna ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimaonedwa ngati mbalame zakuda zakuda za ku America, zomwe zinagwidwa kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri ku USA (New Jersey) podutsa Orpington, Langshan ndi Dark Brahma. Zomera za mtundu uwu zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 7 (poyerekeza: kulemera kwake kwa tsekwe, poyamba mbalame yaikulu kuposa nkhuku, ndi 4.1 kg).Ndikoyenera kunena kuti mwa atatu omwe amatchedwa Leningrad mitundu, calico ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Momwemo, mbalame za golide zimakhala ndi makilogalamu 2.5 ku nkhuku ndi 3.3 makilogalamu, ndipo nyama yoyera ngakhalenso yaikulu: nkhuku imakula 2.9 kg, tambala - mpaka 4 kg. Komabe, mitundu ya chintz, malinga ndi alimi, imapambana kuchokera ku "abwenzi" ake mu kukoma kwa nyama, kuchokera ku hybrid ndi yowala kwambiri, yokoma komanso yowonjezera.
Pezani momwe nkhuku zimakhalira: nyumba, wosanjikiza, broiler.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mbalameyo imadziwika ndi kulemera kwake komanso kulemera kwake. Kuika nkhuku kufika 1.5 makilogalamu kale ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, nkhuku - patapita nthawi pang'ono.
Makhalidwe
Ubwino winanso wa mtunduwu ndi wofatsa komanso wosasamala. Mbalamezi zimatha kupeza chilankhulo chimodzimodzi osati pakati pawo okha, komanso ndi ena omwe amaimira mbalame, chifukwa amatha kusunga nkhuku. Malo amtengo wapataliwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosangalatsa ndi eni eni minda. 
Komabe, kukhutira kwa nkhuku sikutanthawuza nthawi zonse zowopsya komanso zopanda pake. Mbalame zimazizira zokondweretsa poyera, kufunafuna zakudya zamtundu uliwonse m'dzikolo, kufufuza mosamalitsa gawoli, popanda kupanga nkhondo kapena kuvuta ngati mitundu ina yonse.
Kutha msinkhu ndi dzira
Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ikuyamba kukula msinkhu, ngakhale kuti dzira loyamba likhoza kuchitika miyezi inayi. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzira, mtundu wa calico uli ndi mwayi wokhala pakati pa atatu omwe amaimira mtundu wa Leningrad: m'chaka, nkhuku imodzi imatha kunyamula mazira 160 mpaka 180 (mu golide-golide, chiwerengerochi chimafika pa zidutswa 200, zoyera - 150 okha). Komabe, alimi ambiri amanena kuti mosamala, chizindikiro cha mazira mazana awiri pa chaka cha calico chidalinso chotheka.
Pofuna kuyika nkhuku kuti ikondweretse mlimi wamkuku ndi zokolola zake, m'pofunika kudziwa zomwe ziri zenizeni za nkhuku, zomwe zimawadyetsa komanso chifukwa chake nkhuku zikutha mofulumira.
Chizindikiro chofunikira ndikutetezera mitengo yabwino ya dzira chaka chonse. Mtundu wa chipolopolowo ndi wofiirira kwambiri, wolemera thupi ndi 58 g, ndipamwamba kwambiri ndi 60 g. Chizindikiro cha mazira a mtundu uwu ndi chowala chalanje cha yolk cha kukula kwakukulu, ngakhale kuti dzira lokha ndiloling'ono kwambiri kuposa la golide-grey. Komanso onetsetsani kukoma kwambiri kwa mazira a mtundu uwu.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Mitengo ya nkhukuyi imapangidwa bwino kwambiri, samangoyang'anitsitsa okha clutch yawo, koma imakhalanso okonzeka kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi kwa oimira "mitundu" yochepa, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino ndi obereketsa ang'onoang'ono. 
Mukudziwa? Imodzi mwa nkhuku zosazolowereka kwambiri za nkhuku padziko lapansi zimatengedwa ngati silika wa Chitchaina. Nthenga zake ziri ngati ubweya, koma chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chiri pansi pawo. Khungu, mafupa, ziwalo zamkati, ngakhalenso nyama yokha ya mbalameyi ili ndi mtundu wakuda! Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti silika wa Chitchaina si wosakanizidwa, ndi mtundu wa "chirengedwe" womwe uli ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi ndi ya zokongoletsera, nyama yodabwitsa (komabe, ngati mazira) imaonedwa kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali ndipo ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri.Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mitundu yosakanizidwa ya nkhuku nthawi zambiri sichisungira chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa. Nthaŵi zambiri, nkhuku yosiyana kapena yosakanikirana imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mitanda. Leningrad calico m'lingaliro limeneli ndipadera. Pachifukwa chokondweretsa, nthawi zina mtunduwu umatchedwa "chofungatira kunyumba".
Kudyetsa chakudya
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, Leningrad calico sichimodzimodzi ndi oimira ena a mitundu. Malamulo onse oyambirira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya za nkhuku zodyetsa nyama ndi dzira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtundu uwu. 
Nkhuku
Pakadutsa maola 12-16 kuchokera pamene nkhuku zakubadwa ziri bwino kuti musadye. Asanachoke chigoba cha chideralo, nestling imadya zotsalira za zida za chakudya mu dzira ndipo sizikumva njala. Komanso, ziŵerengero zimasonyeza kuti nkhuku zomwe zinali ndi njala kwa maola 24 oyambirira zinapulumuka bwino kusiyana ndi anzawo, omwe anali atayamba kudyetsa kale.
Ndikofunikira! Zambiri zimasonyeza kuti chakudya chabwino cha nkhuku m'masiku oyambirira a moyo wake, ngakhale chimakhala chonyansa, chimakhala chowoneka, yophika dzira yolk. Kafukufuku waposachedwa amatsutsa izi, kusonyeza kuti kudya chakudya chawe ndi mafuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mbalame yaing'ono yomwe yangoyamba kumene. Choncho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa chimanga monga "chakudya choyamba".
Kuwonjezera apo, mpaka tsiku lachisanu la moyo, nkhuku zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi zophika zophika komanso zowonjezera zakudya zopatsa nkhuku, chakudya chokhazikika cha nkhuku, kupatsa tirigu kapena balere, masamba ophika ophika, komanso kefir ndi grated tchizi tchizi. Kenaka chakudyacho chimasamutsidwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chimaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zatsopano zomwe zimadya chakudya cha mbalame yaikulu.Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa zomwe zimatengera kudyetsa nkhuku tsiku loyamba la moyo.
Ndi nkhuku zomwe zimakwanitsa miyezi itatu, zidasamutsidwa kale ku "tebulo wamba" ndi makolo awo. Mu sabata yoyamba ya moyo, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa maola awiri, ndipo nambala ya chakudya imachepetsedwa kukhala asanu ndi awiri patsiku ndipo pang'onopang'ono, pamene akukula, amazitengera ku regimen yambiri ya kudya (3-4 pa tsiku).
Nkhuku zazikulu
Zakudya zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizoyenera kudyetsa anthu akuluakulu, zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okonzeka, koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito zotsala kuchokera patebulo lanu kuphatikizapo zigawo zina zofunika ku nkhuku. Njira yotsiriza, ndithudi, ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo chotero mnyumba ndi imene imakonda kwambiri. 
Pomwe mapangidwe a zakudya akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi izi:
- mbewu (chimanga, rye, balere, tirigu, oats, nandolo) - 58%;
- chakudya kapena ufa wa mpendadzuwa - 17%;
- nsomba kapena nyama ndi mafupa - 16%;
- kudyetsa mafuta - 3%;
- yisiti ya chakudya - 5%;
- mineral supplements, kuphatikizapo tebulo mchere - 1%.
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo ndi calcium ya dzira lokha, nkhuku imodzi pachaka imagwiritsira ntchito 500 g ya chinthu ichi, zomwe zimakhala zochuluka kuposa makumi asanu ndi awiri kuposa momwe nkhokwezi zimasonyezera thupi lake (calcium makamaka imayikidwa m'matumbo a tubular). Ndi chifukwa chake kuti pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zimakhala bwino, nkhuku imafunika calcium kawiri kuposa kilo.Mukamadya nkhuku zonse zomwe zimadulidwa kuti mupeze mazira, calcium iyenera kukhalapo mokwanira. Mbalame ikhoza kuthandizira kufunika kwa chipangizochi poyesa zipolopolo zing'onozing'ono kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali panthawi yopanda malire, koma ngati simungathe kuika nkhuku muzitsekerero kapena m'nyengo yozizira, nkhuku ziyenera kupeza choko monga chakudya. , mazira a nkhuku, mono- kapena dicalcium phosphates.
Popeza njira yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito calico mtundu wa nkhuku ndi nyama, zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni mu zakudya zawo ziyeneranso kukhala zazikulu - osachepera 14 peresenti ya voliyumu yonse.Zomwe amangidwa
Leningrad calico sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo, potsata zoyamba zoyambirira zoyenera za ukhondo, kutentha ndi zinthu zina zoyambirira za zomwe zilipo zimapangitsa kuti munthu apulumuke kwambiri.
Zofunikira pa chipinda
Mofanana ndi nkhuku iliyonse, nkhuku ya Leningrad calico imafuna kuuma komanso kusowa kwazitsulo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chipinda chomwe mbalameyi imasungidwa chiyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kwakukulu mkati mwa nkhuku nkhuku kumakhala wochokera ku + 23 ° C mpaka 25 ° C, komabe, mtunduwo umasinthasintha mosavuta kapena, m'malo mwake, zimakhala zachilengedwe. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti dzira lapamwamba ndi losasunthika, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwapangidwe kumapezeka m'nyumba ya nkhuku kotero kuti kutalika kwa tsiku la masana kuli osachepera maola 12.
Werengani momwe mungasunge nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira.
Pazifukwa izi, nkofunika kupereka zowunikira kwina pa mlingo wa 4-6 Watts pa mita imodzi imodzi ya chipinda. Ponena za kukula kwake kwa nkhumba, nkofunikira kulingalira za chikhalidwe cha eni ake. "Mwa anthu odzaza, koma osati openga" - izi si za Leningrad calico. Nkhuku zowoneka bwino komanso zowonongeka zimangosonyeza ngati pali "malo" omwe ali okwanira, choncho mbalame zoposa zisanu pa mita imodzi ndizosafunika. Komanso, poika nkhuku nkhukuyi, musaiwale kumanga zisa za kuika mazira, kuziyika pakhomo lachitsulo kwambiri la chipinda ndikugona pabedi la udzu kapena utuchi. 
Zipangizo zabwino kwambiri pansi pano ndi matabwa a matabwa. Zimasunga kutentha ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zokoma. Pokhala ndi mapangidwe abwino a nkhuku, pakakhala izi n'zotheka kukhala opanda bedi nthawi zonse (nyengo yozizira), yomwe siidzapulumutsa ndalama zokha, komanso nthawi yokonza nkhuku.
Yendayenda
Zomwe zili m'mapiko a Leningrad calico zimaphatikizapo kuyenda koyenda kwa mbalame kunja. Pazinjira zoterezi, mbalame zimangotulutsa nthenga zawo ndi "kutentha", komanso zimakonzanso chakudya chawo chobiriwira ndi zobiriwira, kuyang'ana mphutsi ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana pansi - zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso nthawi imodzi yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri popanga nkhuku.
Kuti mbalame zisamwazikane, zisamabalalitse ndipo zisapangitse kuti zisawonongeke m'munda, munda kapena munda wamaluwa, ayenera kukonza bwalo laling'ono, kuyenda ndi mpanda wokhala ndi mita 1.5 ndikupereka mkati mwa malo otetezedwa kuti dzuwa lizitetezedwe kumene mabotolo ophera, zigoba ndi zisa ziyenera kuikidwa chifukwa choika mazira. 
Kodi kulipirira yozizira yozizira
Mbalameyi, yomwe imagwidwa kumtunda kwa kumpoto, imapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yosavuta kwambiri, choncho ngakhale pazizira zowonjezera (ndithudi, ngati thermometer sichitha pansipa -15 ° C) simuyenera kunyalanyaza nkhuku zachisangalalo choyenda mu mpweya wabwino. Komabe, kuti mukhalebe bwino dzira yopanga mazira, m'pofunika kupereka m'nyumba ya nkhuku kuti kutentha kukhale kosasuntha kuposa 12 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Mu chipinda chosasunthika, mbalame zidzapulumuka, koma sizidzatengedwa.Kuwonjezera apo, m'nyengo yozizira, zowonongeka zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (makamaka pa dothi kapena konkire pansi), kuwonjezera peat kuti ipangidwe kutentha ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa udzu kapena utuchi wa utuchi kuti tiwonetsere kutentha kwa chinyezi.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Leningrad calico ali ndi zifukwa zambiri zosatsutsika, zomwe ziri zoyenera kuwonetsera:
- Kukwanitsa kusinthasintha kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana (kungathe kulekerera kuzizira ndi kutentha);
- Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kukana matenda aakulu omwe amapezeka nkhuku;
- mitengo yambiri yopulumuka (mu mbalame zazikulu amapanga 80%, nkhuku zowonjezera - mpaka 96%);
- kusowa zakudya ndi zinthu;
- kukula msinkhu (kupuma mofulumira komanso kuyambika kwa dzira);
- Zakudya zabwino kwambiri ndi zokoma - nyama ndi mazira;
- kukolola kwakukulu;
- chidziwitso chabwino cha kusakaniza;
- kunja kukongoletsera kunja.
Kulankhula za zofooka, nthawi zambiri zimati:
- osati kukula kwakukulu (khalidwe, komabe, kwa nkhuku zonse za nyama ndi dzira);
- zochepa za dzira zopanga mazira (zochepa kwa Leningradskaya golide-imvi);
- zovuta kupeza (pakati pa mitanda itatu ya Leningrad ndizosazolowereka).
Эти качества позволяют рассматривать птицу как оптимальный вариант для небольшого приусадебного хозяйства, где пёстрые и яркие курочки с уравновешенным характером могут стать ещё и настоящим украшением двора. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi zomveka kuti alimi akukuta nkhuku azikhala ndi nthawi yofuna nkhuku za mtundu uwu kuti zizale - ndizofunikiradi!
