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Peyala

Peyala "Elena": ubwino ndi nthenda za mitundu, kubzala ndi kusamalira

Kuyambira kale, peyala wakhala mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti mubzalitse peyala ya zosiyanasiyana "Elena" popanda mavuto ndikusangalala ndi zipatso zake zokoma.

Makhalidwe a peyala "Elena"

Peyala "Elena" ndikumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Ichi ndi mtengo waufupi wa zipatso womwe uli ndi korona ya pyramidal. Zipatso zimakula kukula mpaka 190 g, kuwala kofiira. Kukoma ndi kokoma ndi kowawasa komanso pang'ono. Kulima kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi - mpaka makilogalamu 40. Tsatanetsatane wa peyala ya "Elena" ikuthandizani kudziwa ngati mungabzala m'munda mwanu kapena ayi.

Mukudziwa? Agiriki akale anapulumuka ku matenda oyendayenda panyanja pambali ya mapeyala. Iwo amapitirirabe kudula zipatso za zipatso zowutsa, ndipo mawonetseredwe a matenda oyendayenda anatsika.

Ndifunikanso kunena za peyala ya mungu. Pali mitengo yambiri ya zipatso yomwe imafunika kudzala mitundu ina m'dera lanu. Iwo adzawapaka mungu.

Peyala "Elena" safuna tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malo awa amatchedwa kudzikonda. Choncho, izi zosiyanasiyana zimasankha zipatso.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana

Monga zomera zonse, peyala zosiyanasiyana "Elena" ali ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.

Ubwino:

  1. Kukoma kwabwino kwa chipatso;
  2. Kutsutsa kwa Frost;
  3. Zokolola zazikulu;
  4. Kukana kwa matenda a fungal;
  5. Kukana kwa nkhanambo;
  6. Kuwoneka kwa chipatso;
  7. Anasungidwa m'firiji kwa miyezi inayi;
  8. Kutentha kwa dzinja.

Zoipa za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizochepa:

  1. Ndizokolola zochuluka, zipatso sizomwe zimapanga;
  2. Avereji yozizira hardiness.
Ndipotu, peyala "Elena" ili ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi ubwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kudzala mtengo wa zipatso uwu ndikusangalala ndi zokolola.

Mukudziwa? Achi Chinese, kutanthauza "fen li", amatanthauza chimodzi mwa zinthu ziwiri: gawo kapena kugawa peyala. Choncho, chikhulupiliro chachikunja cha ku China chimanena kuti simungagawane peyala, kupatulapo kulekanitsa sikungapeweke.

Zomwe zimabzala mitundu ya peyala "Elena"

Nthawi yobzala

Peyala "Elena" anabzala m'dzinja kapena masika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwa kwadzinja kumachitika kumapeto kwa October, chisanu chisanayambe, ndipo kasupe imagwa kumapeto kwa April, pamene chisanu chadutsa.

Ndizomveka kufotokozera kuti kumadera akum'mwera kwa dziko kudyedwa kwadzukulu ndi kopindulitsa chifukwa sapling sangathe kuima miyezi yotentha. Kumpoto ayenera kubzalidwa peyala m'chaka, monga mu chisanu chachisanu mbewu idzamwalira.

Mmene mungasankhire ndi kukonzekera malo pansi pa peyala "Elena"

Musanadzalemo, sankhani malo a peyala. Iyenera kukhala dzuwa, koma osati yotentha, komabe ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mpweya wodzaza ndi mpweya wa madzi udzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chomera ndipo udzayamba kufota. M'munda, peyala iyenera kubzalidwa kumwera, kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo, kapena kumadzulo.

Madzi apansi pansi sayenera kukhala opitirira mamita awiri. Dothi lakuda dothi silingagwire ntchito pa peyala "Elena", chifukwa silingalekerere chinyezi.

Tidasankha kuti amakonda peyala, choncho timapita kukonzekera malo kuti tibzala.

Pitani imayamba kugwa, ngakhale atasankha kubzala peyala m'chaka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi yachisanu, dzenje lidzathera, ndipo mutabzala simudzakhala koyenera kudandaula za "kuwonongeka" kwa nthaka.

Ndikofunikira! Depthing mutu wa mtengo wa peyala uli wowononga.

Ngati mwasankha kubzala peyala mu kugwa, muyenera kukonzekera pansi sabata musanadzalemo. Kutsika kwa dzenje kumadalira mizu ya mmera. Iyenera kukhala 50 cm, ndi pafupifupi mamita ambiri.

Mukhozanso kukumba dzenje lakuya. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mudzaze dzenje ndi masentimita atatu a nthaka yabwino, yomwe idzasakanizidwa ndi humus, kapena peat, kapena superphosphate.

Ndikofunikira! Pewani nayitrogeni feteleza, ikhoza kuwononga mtengo wa zipatso.

Nkhumba imathamangitsidwa pakatikati pa dzenje, chifukwa peyala ikhoza kufooka popanda garter. Pansi pa dzenje amamasulidwa, ndipo mabowo amapangidwa pamakoma a dzenje, zomwe zingathandize kusintha kwa mpweya ndikuthandizira kukula kwa mizu.

Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande

Tsopano ndikofunikira kunena za kubzala mmera mu dzenje.

  1. Ndikofunika kukonzekera mmera. Mtengowo unadula mizu yambiri ndi yamphamvu mpaka masentimita 12 ndipo imadula pamwamba. Tsopano kuti sapling ndi ndodo yolunjika, iyenera kuyikidwa mu chidebe cha madzi kwa ola limodzi.
  2. Kufukula nthaka kuchokera mu dzenje kumasakanizidwa ndi phulusa muyeso ya 1: 1 ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Kusagwirizana kwa chisakanizo chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi zonunkhira kwambiri zonona. Sungani mizu ya mmera mu chisakanizo ichi.
  3. Tulutsani nthaka pansi pa dzenje ndikuyika mazira khumi ghafikira pansi. Kenaka mudzaze dzenje ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi phulusa ndikuziwaza ndi nthaka youma.
  4. Ife timabzala sapling. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti mutu wa mizu uli pamtunda wosanjikiza. Mukhoza kuyika chipika pansi pa dzenje kapena kuyika chizindikiro pamphepete. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhazikitsa mmera moyenera, popanda kuwonjezera khosi.
  5. Ndipotu, timadzaza dzenje ndi nthaka kuti mtengo ukhazikike. Timayika mazira ambiri pamtunda. Pambuyo pake, dzenje liri ndi dziko lapansi "ndi mtunda". Phirili lidzatha pambuyo pa kuthirira.
  6. Dulani nsonga za pamwamba ndi phula la munda kapena chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi phulusa.
  7. Mzerewu umangirizidwa ku khola, koma osati kukokera.
  8. Bzalani peyala kutsanulira pa zidebe ziwiri za madzi.
  9. Disolo la Pristvolny limaphatikizidwa ndi peat, utuchi, manyowa kapena pepala.
Mazira amapereka mtengo ndi zakudya kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo mukhoza kuiwala za kudyetsa nthawi.

Ndikofunikira! Mazira onse angasinthidwe ndi mazira a dzira.

Mbali yosamalira mitundu ya peyala "Elena"

Mutabzala mapeyala ayenera kuyang'anira bwino mtengo. Pambuyo pake, ichi ndi chitsimikiziro chokolola chabwino.

Momwe mungamwetse mapeyala

Monga tanenera poyamba, mtengo umakonda chinyezi, choncho muyenera kuganizira za kayendedwe ka mapeyala, "Helena". Best - kukonkha. Choncho madzi amalowa mumbewu yonse kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Mukhozanso kupanga kachitsulo kakang'ono ka 12 sentimita kuzungulira peyala. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kangapo m'chilimwe ndi masika. Ngati kutentha kuli kofunikira, muyenera kuthirira peyala nthawi zambiri.

Chinthu chachikulu ndi kukumbukira kuti mtengo umafuna madzi okwanira, koma musaiwale za yozizira hardiness wa peyala "Elena". Ngati chomeracho sichinalandire kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'chilimwe ndipo chimapereka zokolola zabwino, zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chatha. Mitengo iyi imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.

Mukudziwa? Chodabwitsa n'chakuti peyala yofewa, yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma imathandiza kuti mano anu akhale olimba. Zonsezi ndi za microelements. Peyala ili ndi kashiamu yachilengedwe ndi phosphorous, yomwe imagwirira ntchito limodzi, imalimbitsa dzino lachitsulo.

Nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse

Chovala chokwera ndi chimodzi mwa masitepe apamwamba pa peyala ya Helena.

Kuti mudziwe zomwe muyenera kudyetsa mtengo, mukhoza kuyang'ana maonekedwe ake.

  1. Ngati masamba a peyala amawoneka osasinthika, zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho sichipeza nayitrogeni;
  2. Kukalamba kosauka ndi kuchepa kwa chisanu kukana ndi chizindikiro cha nayitrogeni wambiri;
  3. Kugwa kwa mphukira kumtunda kwa mtengo ndi kusungidwa kwa masamba ndi kusowa kwa phosphorous.
  4. Mtundu wofiira wa masamba ndi kuyanika kwawo mwamsanga ndi zizindikiro za kusowa kwa potaziyamu;
  5. Ngati tsamba limapezeka pamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa maderawa, ndi kusowa kwa calcium.
Muyenera kudyetsa peyala nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mtengo umalandira chakudya chabwino. Fruiting ndi feteleza yoyenera imakhala nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa mtengo wa zipatso umafunika ngati umera pa nthaka yachonde.

Kuwonongeka kwa ngakhale nthaka yochuluka yokhala ndi michere kungakhudzire fructification ndi mphamvu. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kumadalira mtundu wa peyala.

Ena wamaluwa amapereka zakudya m'kugwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kukonzekera peyala m'nyengo yozizira ndikupatsani nthaka ndi zakudya zonse m'nyengo yozizira. Chitani chovala chokwanira pambuyo pa zokolola.

Alimi ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza m'chaka. Kudyetsa uku kumapangidwira kubwezeretsedwa kwa mtengo kuchokera ku hibernation.

Amatha kukonzekera nyengo ya kukula. Zimathandizanso kukonzanso ubwino wam'tsogolo.

Mukudziwa? Peyala imodzi ili ndi 20% ya zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku za fiber, 10% ya vitamini C ndi 6% ya potaziyamu.

Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa feteleza, muyenera kudalira magawo otsatirawa:

  1. Zaka;
  2. Kuwoneka;
  3. Nthawi ya chaka;
  4. Mtundu wa dothi
M'dzinja, potashi ndi feteleza phosphate zimayambitsidwa. Amagawanika pamtunda wa masamba kufika masentimita 45. Izi zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi organic feteleza. Manyowa oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Mlingo wa feteleza umawerengedwa malinga ndi msinkhu wa mbewu ndi zakudya za nthaka. Zamoyo zimapereka pansi pa mtengo zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mavitamini a feteleza amaimitsa kukula ndi fruiting ya mapeyala.

Muyeneranso kusaiwala za kudya kwa foliar. Feteleza ndi njira yothetsera zakudya. Zili ndi njira yowonjezera 2 ya potassium sulphate.

Urea yankho liyenera kutsitsidwa peyala 10 masiku atatha kumaliza maluwa. Piritsirani kachiwiri pambuyo pa milungu iwiri.

Mungagwiritse ntchito zakudya zovuta, mwachitsanzo, ammophos, nitrophos, nitrophoska ndi nitroammophos.

Kuwonjezera pa macro-feteleza ayenera kupanga micronutrient feteleza. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nthaka imapindula ndi chitsulo, manganese, nthaka, ndi zina zotero. Sankhani malingana ndi nthaka.

Mukhoza kupanga manyowa omwe ali ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu.

Ndikofunikira! Samalani ndi zinthu zakuthupi, chifukwa zingayambitse nkhuni zambiri.

Nthawi komanso momwe mungatherere mapeyala

Kudulira peyala "Elena" ikuchitika mu kasupe, chilimwe ndi chisanu. Ndondomekoyi imapangitsa kuti chipatsocho chikhale bwino, chimalamulira fruiting ndi kukula kwa mtengo, kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kwa masamba kukhale bwino. Kudulira kumathandiza kukula mtengo womwe ukufunika kukula ndi thunthu lamphamvu lomwe lingathe kupirira kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbewu.

Spring kudulira ikuchitika pambuyo kwambiri frosts.

Sakani malamulo

  1. Gwiritsani ntchito tsamba lakuthwa la pruner. Mitengo ikuluikulu imayenera kutenga hacksaw. Pambuyo kudula, zipangizo zonse za m'munda zimatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toledzera.
  2. Thunthu lapakati lifupikitsidwa ndi limodzi lachinayi. Izi zidzalola kupanga chikho chokhala ndi peyala m'tsogolo.
  3. Kukonza kumachitika pa kutentha kosachepera 5 ° ะก .
  4. Pambuyo pake, magawowa amaikidwa ndi osakaniza awa: mafuta odzola, utoto wa mafuta, munda wamaluwa ndi Rannet.

Pali njira ziwiri zochepetsera. Choyamba: dulani pansi pa nthambi. Pofuna kuti asakhumudwitse makungwawo, kudulidwa kwachitidwa pansi, ndiyeno -pamwamba pamphuno. Izi zimatsimikizira kuwonjezereka kwa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kuwuka kwa masamba omwe ali pansi pa kudula. Asanayambe kudulira, ndiletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Kudula kokwanira kwa mtengo kumalola peyala kuyamba kupereka zokolola zochuluka, ndipo malo onse ocheka amakula.

Kudulira kasupe kumakhala kovuta. M'chilimwe, kukula kwa mphukira kumachotsedwa pamwamba pa mtengo.

Tsopano ndikofunika kulingalira nthawi yoti uzitsine ndi zomwe zidzasokoneze peyala:

  1. Kusinthanitsa mu June. Kudulira kotere kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwa kukula kwa mphukira, koma kumapangitsanso maonekedwe atsopano. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukanikiza kumakhudza kwambiri nyengo ya mapeyala, ndipo izi zimakhudza nthawi yozizira.
  2. Kusinthanitsa kumapeto kwa kuchepa kwa kukula. Zimathandiza kusasitsa kwa mphukira.
Sitikulangiza kudulira mitengo yozizira, monga kutentha kwapang'ono kumakhudza zoipa. Nthambi sizikhala ndi nthawi yakuchiritsa ndi kufa ndi chisanu.

Kudulira kotereku kumachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi mpaka mwezi wa March, chifukwa pa nthawi ino mtengo umapuma. Kudulira kotereku kumachitika ndi wodula. Anachotsedwa mtanda, ofooka, nthambi zakufa.

Pofuna kudula nthambi zazikulu muyenera kutsegula pakati pa mtengo. Kudulira kozizira kumafunikira kokha ngati mukufuna kuchotsa kutalika kwa mtengo ndikuchotsa nthambi zomwe zikufalikira. Poonetsetsa kuti magawowo akuchiza mofulumira ndipo usamaundane m'nyengo yozizira, gwiritsani ntchito pruner wosabala ndipo mutatha kudulira, perekani magawowo ndi munda wamaluwa.

Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, masamba a peyala ankasuta, ndipo pokhapo panafika fodya.

Nthawi yokolola ndi momwe mungasungire mitundu yokolola ya 'Elena'

Amaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi kuti ayambe kukolola mapeyala:

  1. Mtundu wa khungu;
  2. Fetal attachment mphamvu;
  3. Mtundu, kukoma ndi kukoma kwa zamkati.
Mukhoza kutenga peyala m'manja mwanu ndikupotoza pang'ono. Ngati peyala nthawi yomweyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi - mukhoza kuyamba kukolola. Ngati peyala ikugwirabe, nthawiyo siinabwere.

Kukolola mapeyala "Elena" akufika mu October. Choncho, kuyambira mwezi uno, mukhoza kuyamba kuyang'ana mapeyala a kucha ndi kukolola.

Mukatha kusonkhanitsa mapeyala, ayenera kuikidwa pamalo amdima ndi ozizira kuti akwe. Malo oterowo ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Mu chipinda chino muyenera kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumafunika kufika 3 ° C, ndi chinyezi cha chipinda - 85%.

Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kumapangitsa mapeyalawo kuvunda mwamsanga. Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa ndipo mpweya uli wouma, mapeyala amatha kutaya ndi kutaya juiciness.

Mapeyala ayenera kuikidwa mabokosi apadera, monga kusungira pansi kumabweretsa kuvunda. Mabokosi ayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukonzekera masamulo. Mapeyala amaikidwa pa misala ndi kuwaza zipsu.

Ndikofunikira! Osayika mbewu zina zapafupi pafupi ndi mapeyala.

Chotsani mapeyala owonongeka ndi ovunda.

Kukaniza kwa mitundu ya peyala "Elena" ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Peyala "Elena" akulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal, makamaka nkhanambo kapena Septoria.

Matenda

  1. Khansara yakuda (matenda a masamba ndi zipatso, nthawizina karoti yokha, yomwe ili yoopsa);
  2. Zipatso zowola (zimawonekera mu mawonekedwe a zowola pa chipatso, zimakula mofulumira kwambiri).

Tizilombo

  1. Aphid (amachititsa kusintha kwa masamba ndi kutha kwawo mofulumira);
  2. Pear moth (amachepetsa kukula kwa mtengo wonse ndikudya mapeyala a peyala mkati);
  3. Peyala mite (masamba asanduke bulauni, kunyeka ndi kufa).

Zotsatira zoletsa

  1. Khansara yakuda Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, yeretsani chitsa. Tsutsani masamba okhudzidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi. Kuwononga masamba akugwa ndi zipatso zowola.
  2. Zipatso zowola. Kudulira kawiri ndi kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma ndi zakufa ndi zipatso zovunda.
  3. Nsabwe za m'masamba. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa ndi sopo sprays. 300 g wa phulusa yophika mu 10 malita a madzi ndi 40-50 g sopo zinawonjezeredwa.
  4. Pear moth. Samasulani pakati pa mizere ndi mabwalo a mitengo. Chitani izo masika ndi chilimwe. Misampha ya Pheromone ingagwiritsenso ntchito. Nthawi zonse kudulira mphukira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingagwiritsenso ntchito.
  5. Peyala mite Sungani masamba ogwa ndi oonongeka ndi kuwotchera. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwala - 0,2% Decis ndi Inta-Vir.

Mukudziwa? M'zaka za zana la 18, peyala imatchedwanso "zipatso za mafuta" chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ofewa, obiriwira.

Pear Helena ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri kuposa zoipa. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kusangalala ndi zipatso zamtundu wa zipatso pafupi ndi Chaka Chatsopano, zimapangidwira.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa