Strawberry-strawberry "Phiri" sichiyamikiridwa kukhala chachilendo pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wamaluwa ndi alimi, koma sizinatayike utsogoleri wawo mwachangu zamakono zamakono zamakono ndi zokolola zapamwamba kwa zaka zoposa 40.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Strawberry "Shelf" inakhazikitsidwa ku Netherlands mu 1977 mwa kusankha mwachangu sitiroberi mitundu "Sivetta" ndi "Unduka", pambuyo pake mwamsanga anafala m'mayiko ambiri: Ukraine, Russia, Belarus ndi Baltic amati. 
Mukudziwa? Froberberries inabweretsedwa ku South America kuchokera ku South America kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, koma sitiroberi yake yowonjezereka yakhala ikukula m'mayiko athu kuyambira kale.
Kunja, chomera chotchedwa Shelf ndi chitsamba chofalikira cha sing'anga kukwera (10-12 masentimita) ndi amphamvu pubescent zimayambira za inflorescences zomwe ziri pamlingo wa masamba ndikugwira zipatso zopachikidwa. Masambawo ndi owala, obiriwira, ndi mano aakulu pamphepete.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana:
- chisamaliro;
Mitundu yodzichepetsa ya sitiroberi ikuphatikizapo "Bereginya", "Elsanta", "Zenga Zengana", "Kimberly", "Chamora Turusi", "Tristan", "Kama", "Russian".
- chitetezo chokwanira ngakhale pa kayendedwe kautali;
- chisangalalo;
- kukana matenda ena ndi mitundu ya tizirombo;
- zonunkhira bwino ndi zokoma za caramel za zipatso;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse (ntchito zatsopano, mitundu yonse ya processing);
- kukwanira kwa kulima mafakitale.
Zowononga za "Mapesi" zikuphatikizapo:
- zovuta kulekerera chilala. Kulemera kwake kumatayika mwamsanga, ndipo kukoma kwa zipatso kunachepetsedwa;
- kumafuna kuwonjezeredwanso kotheratu kokwera pansi;
- baka amafunika kudulira kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kukula msanga.
Kusiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina, kusokonezeka ndiko kuwonongeka mofulumira: Ngakhale kuti shrub imafika zaka pafupifupi 4, mbewu zabwino ndi zazikulu zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwaziwiri zokha.
Zizindikiro za zipatso ndi zipatso
Chofunika kwambiri cha zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso ndi agronomic makhalidwe omwe amakondweretsa aliyense wamaluwa:
- mu mawonekedwe, mabulosi a Shelf ndi ngodya yosavuta ndi yochepa;
- Zipatso zokolola zimatuluka mwamsanga kuti zikhale zofiira, koma pa siteji ya kukula msinkhu zimakhala zofiira;
- Chophimba chimakhala chokongola, chodzaza ndi zambiri, osati mbewu zofesedwa;
- zamkati ndi zowirira komanso zowutsa mudyo, palibe zotsalira. Ili ndi mtundu wa coral wodzaza mozungulira kuzungulira, ndi mithunzi yonyezimira yofiira pakati;
- Kukoma kwa sitiroberi ndi kokoma ndi zowawa zowonongeka komanso chizindikiro cha "caramel" pambuyo. Kutchulidwa kununkhira;
- kulemera kwake kwa zipatso kumadalira nthawi ya kukolola: kulemera kwa zipatso za woyamba kuyamba ndi pafupifupi 50 g, yachiwiri ndi pafupifupi 20 g.
Simungatchule mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopatsa zipatso: 2-2.5 makilogalamu a zipatso akhoza kukolola kuchokera pamtunda umodzi wa malo omwe anabzalidwa, komabe, Phirili limabereka zipatso mosasunthika ponseponse pansi ndi kutentha.
Agrotechnics ya kukula ndi kusamalira strawberries
Strawberry "Phiri" ndibwino kuti tione ngati tikukula, koma kuti tipeze mbewu zamtengo wapatali komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zamasamba zowasamalira zosiyanasiyana.
Tsekani "Phulusa" m'njira zitatu: mothandizidwa ndi mbande zogulidwa, ndevu zosiyana, kapena kubzala mbewu (mbande).
Kwa ife, ndibwino kuti tifike kwa otsirizira, chifukwa kulima mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku mbewu kumapereka zotsatira zabwino:
- Tchire timakhala ndi thanzi labwino, timakhala ndi matenda abwino;
- zizindikiro zowonjezera;
- Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri komanso zoperewera.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Mlimi aliyense wodziwa bwino amadziwa kuti kupambana kwa 50% kumadalira kusankha bwino kwa mbande zabwino:
- Zogulitsa zimayenera kugulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera kumene mungathe kufunsa kwaulere wogulitsayo mosamala ndi kuganizira katunduyo;
- Phukusi ndi nkhaniyo liyenera kukhala losasinthika, ndi tsiku lomaliza.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengoyi imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri, choncho simukuyenera kutenga zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mbewu za kubzala zingakonzedwe mwachindunji, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita izi motsatira malangizo apadera:
- tengani mabulosi okoma, otsukidwa ndi kudula pamwamba pake;
- Pang'onopang'ono perekani pamwamba pa khungu la mbewu ndikuyiyika pa nsalu yakuda, yoyera kapena pepala;
- Ikani malo owuma ndi owuma kwa masiku 2-3;
- Pambuyo pa tsiku lomaliza, sungani zouma m'mitambo kuti mutulutse mbewu;
- ikani mbande mu thumba (makamaka nsalu) kuti mupitirize kusungirako.
Muyeneranso kukumbukira za chithandizo chisanachitike chisanafike kufesa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:
- Lembani mbewu. Kukonzekera kokwanira "NV-101" kapena "Zircon" ndizoyenera kuchitidwa molakwika.
- Stratification. Njira yophweka ndiyo kuika mbande pamatope a thonje, kuwaphimba iwo ndi ma discs omwewo pamwamba ndi kuwaika pa alumali pansi pa firiji masiku atatu.
Zomwe amangidwa
Poyamba kumera mbande zokonzeka, nthawi zambiri amasankha zakudya zamtundu wapadera, zomwe poyamba zimadzaza ndi 1% potaziyamu permanganate, kenako imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
Nkhumba zimayikidwa pa nthaka pamwamba ndi zofiira ndi mtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera kwa mzake. Kenaka chophimbacho chimaphimbidwa pamwamba ndi chivindikiro ndi mabowo angapo (kutulutsa mpweya wabwino) ndipo amachotsedwera m'malo otentha, otetezedwa ku dzuwa lowonongeke.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ikanakhala kusungiramo zida ndi mbande kumadzulo kapena windows windowsill.
Ndikofunikira! Froberberries musalole kukolola molakwika, kotero njira yabwino kwambiri yofesera izo zidzakhala zida zazikulu, zomwe simudzasowa kuziwonjezera zina muzitsulo zam'tsogolo mtsogolo.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
N'zotheka kugwiritsira ntchito kugula mbewu onse omwe anagulidwa, ndipo mwaulere anapanga nthaka kusakaniza.
Pa njira yoyamba mukufunikira zowonjezera izi:
- otsika peat - ¼;
- mchenga wa mtsinje - ¼;
- malo a sod - 2/4.
Njira yachiwiri ndi gawo lopanga:
- mchenga wa mtsinje - 1/5;
- vermicompost - 1/5;
- peat - 3/5.
Pankhaniyi, nthaka iyenera kukhala yachilendo kapena yowonjezera pang'ono, ndi pH yovomerezeka yosachepera 5.5. Mankhwalawa sali oyenera panthawi imeneyi yobzala. 
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Poyamba, microclimate yofunikira imapangidwa mkati mwa chidebecho, choncho ndizosayenera kutsegula chivindikiro cha chidebe. Monga lamulo, mbewu sizisowa kuthirira, zimakhala ndi zokwanira zokwanira kuchokera pamwamba pa chivundikirocho.
Phunzirani momwe mungamwetsere strawberries mukamabzala kuti mutenge zokolola zambiri, kangati mukamwe madzi a strawberries.
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, thankiyo iyenera kutenthetsa mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuonetsetsa kuti nthaka imakhala youma. Pankhani ya nthaka yowuma, ziphuphu ziyenera kuyamwa ndi madzi olekanitsidwa, kuthirira pazu ndi chitsulo chapadera cha mankhwala.
M'tsogolo, hydration iyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata, m'mawa kapena madzulo. 
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Kuti mupeze mphukira yowonjezera, zitsulo zatsekedwa ndi mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda kwambiri, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera ku +25 mpaka +27 degrees. Pambuyo pa kukula kwa mbande ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chivundikirocho, zomera zimatha kumakhala kutentha pang'ono (+ madigiri 20).
Ndipo asanalowe pansi, pafupifupi tsiku, zitsulo ziyenera kudziwika mu chipinda chozizira, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi madigiri + 15.
Kubalanso ndi kubzala
Kuti sitiroberi mbande zikhale bwino, kukula bwino, kukula kukula ndikukhala okonzeka kubzala pamtunda, miyezi iwiri iyenera kudutsa nthawi yofesa. 
Ponena za "Phulusa", kuikapo nkhumba kuyenera kuchitika panthawi ya kuchepa kwa kutentha - m'zaka 10 za August kapena kumayambiriro kwa September, ndiye tchire tidzatha kukhazikika pamalo atsopano ndikukhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera nyengo yachisanu.
Phunzirani za momwe mukubzala strawberries mu kugwa ndi masika.
Malangizo othandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kusamalira:
- Nthaka yomwe mbeu idzayike iyenera kukhala yowonongeka pang'ono, komanso chinthu choyambirira cha feteleza (pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 5 a manyowa pa mita imodzi);
- Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera 35 masentimita, ndipo pakati pa mizera - 50 cm, chifukwa chophatikizana kwambiri chimakhudza chitonthozo chawo ndi kukula kwake;
- sitiroberi sichifuna thandizo lina lililonse - tchire lidzazulidwa pansi ndi mizu yabwino, ndipo tsinde lamphamvu lomwe lili ndi masamba ambiri lidzapangidwa pamwamba;
- Nthawi yoyamba njira yodyera ikuchitika m'chaka. Feteleza ili ndi mineral yowonjezera kapena yankho la mullein. Pakati pa malo ophulika, chomeracho chiyenera kumangidwa ndi potaziyamu nitrate, zitoko za nkhuku kapena phulusa la nkhuni;
- Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa ndi kuthirira mowa kwa mlungu uliwonse, kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April ndi kutha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August. Kuti mukhale odzola, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kutentha.
Ndikofunikira! Asanayambe nyengo yoyamba yozizira, wolima minda ayenera kuganizira za malo osungiramo Zisamba za m'nyengo yozizira. Pamaso pa chisanu, strawberries amatha kudziteteza okha ndi masamba omwe alipo, pambuyo pake chitetezo chimadalira kuchuluka kwa mphepo. Pokhala ndi matalala aakulu, zomera zimabisala ndi chisanu chachikulu, chomwe chidzawapatsa iwo kutentha kokwanira kutsekemera. Powuma, mphepo yamkuntho yopanda mphepo, nthambi zotchedwa coniferous pine, udzu ndi masamba owuma adzakhala njira yabwino yogona.
Monga taonera pamwambapa, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa mbewu, sitiroberi za "Zisamba" zimatha kufalikira ndi kuthandizidwa ndi ndevu (mphukira zomwe masamba a rosettes apanga).
Pofuna kupeza choyenera chodzala, wolima munda ayenera kusankha masharubu ndi mphepo yolimba mu Julayi, posankha chitsime chopatsa thanzi lachiberekero popanda mankhwala. Kenaka, chotsaliracho chiyenera kukhala chosiyana ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndikudzipatula mosiyana ndi makonzedwe okonzeka ndi gawo lokhala ndi munda nthaka, mchenga, peat ndi humus.
Pamene mizu yoyamba ikuwonekera pazobzala za masharubu, ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi yonyowa pokonza dziko lapansi. Pa kutentha, kuthirira zakuthupi kumachitika 2-3 nthawi pa sabata. Ngati mvula imagwa, kuti asalephereke, nthaka iyenera kulima bwino. Pakadutsa miyezi 2.5 chiyambireni kukula, mavuvu ozika mizu adzapereka zokolola zoyamba. 
Kukula ndi mavuto
Kuphatikiza pa malamulo oyambirira oti mubzala "Masamba" otseguka pansi, woyang'anira munda akuyenera kutchula zina zowonjezera kuti athetse mavuto ena okhudzana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera m'tsogolomu:
- Kudulira masamba ochulukirapo ndi ndevu kuchokera ku zitsamba. Ndondomeko yake ya panthaŵi yake sizitha kuteteza zomera zokhazokha kuzilombo, komanso kuti zikhale ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito kukameta ubweya wakuthwa.
- Kutentha kwachitsulo kwa nthaka kumateteza mapesi a mapesi kuti asamalankhule ndi nthaka, komanso amapereka malo ogona chifukwa cha kuzizira. Monga mulch, humus, udzu, kompositi kapena manyowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso mulch, miyala, mapepala apulasitiki kapena mapepala a mapulasitiki, omwe sangavute ndipo alibe mabala owopsa, akhoza kukhala oyenera.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Mwamwayi, "Phulusa" zosiyanasiyana sizodziwika ndi chitetezo chake cha matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zirombo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, choncho imakhalanso ndi chitetezo cha panthaŵi yake, ndipo nthawi zina, mankhwala. 
Matenda ofala kwambiri "Mahala":
- fusarium ndi kuchepa kochedwa - matenda osafalika omwe amadziwika ngati mabala a bulauni pamasamba ndi petioles, pamphepete mwa masamba omwe amawombera pamwamba;
- imvi zowola Odziwika ndi fluffy pachimake pa mawonetseredwe a bulauni mawanga pa zipatso za chomera. Zimapezeka makamaka chifukwa cha mvula yambiri ndipo imadumphira kwa zipatso zoyandikana nawo. Matendawa amawoneka ngati osachiritsidwa, atapezeka kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira za chomera ziyenera kuwonongedwa;
- malo oyera kapena a bulauni - matenda a fungal, kuchulukitsa spores. Masamba amawoneka oyera kapena ofiirira mawanga, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasonkhana, akuphimba nkhope yonse. Zotsatira zake, tsamba limasanduka chikasu ndikufa;
- powdery mildew - Matenda omwe masamba amawombera ndi kuwombera mumachubu, komanso pamwala wofiira umaonekera pamwamba pawo. Zipatso za matenda a strawberries amakhala opunduka ndipo amadzala ndi pachimake.
Zina mwa tizirombo ta zomera zomwe zimakonda kukonda sitiroberi zamasamba zikuwonekera: nematode, weevil, shaggy bronze, sitiroberi ndi kangaude mite, chomera chomera, chimbalangondo, slugs ndi fodya.
Njira zothandizira komanso zothandizira:
- Kuwombera sitiroberi nthawi yake kumalo atsopano (pafupifupi zaka zinayi);
- musanadzale, chithandizo cha mizu ndi kukula kokondweretsa, ndi chithandizo cha nthaka ndi yankho la ayodini;
- nthaka;
- pamaso maluwa, processing zipatso Bordeaux madzi (2-3%);
- kukongola kwa nthawi kwa nsalu ndi mphukira;
- Ngati zosiyanasiyana zowonongeka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala a mpiru wouma, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa, phulusa, komanso fodya.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi mabulosi okhawo padziko lapansi, omwe mbewu zake zili kunja, osati mkati. Amapereka thupi la munthu ndi kuyeretsa slags ndi insoluble fibers.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Phala" si yoyamba komanso yochuluka kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yambiri yamakono. Komabe, wamaluwa saleka kudzala wodzichepetsa strawberries pachaka awo ziwembu, kuyembekezera kupeza zipatso zazikulu kuchokera chomera kwambiri caramel kukoma.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
