Zonse zokhudzana ndi mapeto a mbatata kuchokera ku "A" mpaka "Z". Zosiyanasiyana zosagwirizana ndi matendawa

Ndi mtundu wanji wa matendawa - Phytophthora wa mbatata? Zikuoneka kuti izi ndizoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza onse tubers ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa chomera.

Malingana ndi chiwerengero, 15 peresenti ya mbewu yonse yazuwo imayikidwa pachaka ku matendawa. Nthawi zina mitengo imakula kufika 50%.

Komabe, wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino amadziwa zomwe ayenera kuthandizira kuti asunge zokololazo. Njira yaikulu yowonekera ndikuteteza.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi mutha kupeza zomwe fitoftoroz ali, ndizoopsa kwa mbatata ndikuziwona. Kuphatikizapo zambiri zokhudza mitundu ya mbatata, zomwe siziwopa matendawa.

Tsatanetsatane wa phytophthora

Zimayambitsa matendawa ndi bowa, oomycetes, omwe ali pansi. Kutenga ndi vuto lochedwa kumapezeka pamene matenda alowa mkati mwa chomera. Koma mbatata, matendawa amachokera ku tubers.

Nthawi ya kusasitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imachokera ku masiku atatu mpaka masabata awiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matendawa mofulumira. Mikangano imatengedwa ndi mphepo, ndipo imabalalitsidwa ndi makilomita makumi awiri. Komanso, kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nyengo yabwino ndi yofunika: kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Ndikumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi masiku otentha ndi usiku ozizira, zinthu zabwino zimapangidwira kuti pulojekiti ichitike..

Chithunzi

Zithunzizo m'munsimu zikusonyeza zomwe matendawa amawoneka pa mbatata.

Kodi ndi liti komanso liti?

Matenda a fungal amachititsa kuti zimayambira, masamba ndi mizu ya mbewu zaulimi. Chiwerengero chachikulu ndi Solanaceae ya banja.

Malo oyamba phytophthora akuukira tubers za mbatata, chifukwa matendawa amapezeka kudzera mu nthaka yomwe ili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Choncho, ndizo zolinga zoyamba za kugonjetsedwa, ndikupitiriza kufalikira. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, matendawa amafalikira kwa tsabola, tomato, eggplant. Matendawa amapangidwa m'mikhalidwe yabwino:

• mkulu chinyezi;
• pakuwoneka mame;
• pa nthawi yamoto;
• ndi kusinthasintha kwa usana ndi usiku kutentha kwa mpweya;
• m'madera otsetsereka kapena osefukira.

Kukhumudwa kwa vutoli mochedwa kumadalira meteorological chifukwa.. Nthaŵi yamvula, m'mawa mame mame akuwoneka mliriwu. Kutentha kwakukulu: masana + 15-20 ° C, usiku usanafike + 10 ° C. Zouma ndi zotentha zimaonedwa kuti nyengo imakhala yosautsa kwa nthawi yovuta, chitukuko chimasiya.

Kodi ndi zoopsa zotani?

Kuwonongeka kochedwa kumakhala ngati mutu waukulu kwa alimi padziko lonse lapansi. Choopsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndikumveka kofulumira kwa chitukuko. Kuchokera ku chomera choyamba cha matenda, chifuwa chonse chodzala chingathe kudwala m'masiku asanu ndi awiri. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ku tubers kumene amagwera, ngakhale panthawi yosungirako.

Ngati 10% ya zobiriwira zamtchire zowonongeka, ndizosatheka kuteteza matendawa.. Ayenera kuchotsa ndi kuwotcha mbewu. Phytophthora ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbeu, zomwe zimapangitsa mbeu, kumakhudza kukana kwa zomera ku matenda ena. Ndikofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zosiyana, osati kufa ngakhale kuzizira kwachisanu.

Momwe mungazindikire?

Maonekedwe a matendawa amadziwika pa tubers, thunthu, masamba. Kukula kumayamba nthawi yamaluwa. Zizindikiro zoyamba zimaonekera patatha sabata. Mukhoza kuona mawanga a bulauni pamunsi pamtunda, ndipo spores amafalikira ndi kuwononga pamwamba pa mphukira zazing'ono. Mvula yamvula, nkhungu yoyera imawonekera pa masambawa - zitsanzo za sporulation ya mycelium.

M'madera odwalawo, kachilombo kawiri kawiri kawoneka kawunikira, kamene kamatsogolera ku imfa ya mbewu, kutembenuza masambawo kukhala ovunda. Masamba amatembenukira wakuda, amauma ndipo amauma. Ngati matendawa sasiya, ndiye kuti mbeuyo idzafa.

Chithandizo cha matenda

Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi vutoli? Matendawa ndi osachiritsika. Pakutha kwake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito agrotechnical zochita ndi processing ndi kukonzekera mankhwala. Kuletsa kuwonetsetsa kwa matendawa kuli ndi ndondomeko yosamalira masamba:

1. Nthawi yoyamba mankhwalawa amachitika pamene chitsamba cha mbatata chimatha kufika 25-30 cm mu msinkhu. Monga mankhwala, ndi bwino kusankha 1% Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa sulphate kapena mkuwa sulphate.
2. Nkofunika kuti mupopere ndi Epin ndi Exiol musanafike maluwa, koma ngati nyengo ili yotentha ndipo palibe mvula, ndiye kuti musalowetse ku Silk kapena Krezacin.
3. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, fungicides of contact action amayamba - mkuwa oxychloride, Efal kapena Ditan M-45. Ikani izo moyenera molingana ndi malangizo pa phukusi.
4. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a prophylactic, ndiye kuti mlingowo ukhale wochepa.
5. Ngati mukuwonongeka, mugwiritsire ntchito Oksihom, Ridomil MC kapena Ridomil Gold MC, ndithudi pakapita masabata awiri kuchipatala muyenera kubwereza.
6. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, nsongazo zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, njirayi ifunikanso kubwerezabwereza masiku 7-10.
7. Pakati pa kucha kwa muzu mbewu, perekani zomera ndi zosayenera.
8. Ngati mutayamba mvula, iyenera kubwerezedwa.

Mavidiyo ozindikira za mbatata mochedwa choipitsa ndi chithandizo chake:

Kuteteza kwa chitetezo cha tubers

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa chiyenera:

1. Chaka chilichonse, musanayambe kulima muzu, chitani mawere ndi mankhwala kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
2. Musagwiritse ntchito ngati mbeu, tubers kuonongeka ndi mochedwa choipitsa.
3. Sankhani mabedi a mbatata pamapangidwe apansi, m'madera otsika mwayi wa kufalitsa matenda ndi waukulu.
4. Dothi liyenera kukhala losalala, lotayirira, lokonzedwa bwino.
5. Kumadera atatha tomato, tsabola, eggplants, mbatata amalangizidwa kuti asamakula msinkhu kuposa zaka zisanu.
6. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi mabedi ndi Paslenov kutali kwambiri.
7. Ndi bwino kudzala mitundu ya mbatata yosagonjetsedwa ndi kuchepa kochedwa.
8. Pambuyo ndi nthawi yobzala, feteleza phosphate feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo pakuwonjezeka kwa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tingathenso kuwonjezeka 1.5-2 nthawi.
9. Pewani mimba yambiri, kuchotsa namsongole.
10. Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya hilling, yomwe ingathandizenso ku matenda omwe ali ndi vuto.
11. Mwamsanga mutatha kucha kwa mbatata, ndi bwino kuyeretsa, ndipo mulole kuti muumire m'malo ofunda, owuma, mpweya wokwanira.

Mitundu yosagonjetsa matenda

Chomera, ndithudi, chimakhudza ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zokolola.. Zofunikira - mitundu yambiri ya mbatata. Iwo amatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, tizilombo towononga timadutsa iwo, komanso timakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Komabe, kusankha kwa mizu mitundu kumadalira malo a kukula.

Kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia

Nyengo m'derali imakhala yozizira kwambiri. Nthawi yozizira imakhala kuyambira November mpaka February, nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira, ndipo m'chilimwe muli masabata angapo a kutentha, ndipo nthawi zina - kutentha ndi mphepo. Choncho, m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, sizinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingamere ndikukolola bwino.

Wamatsenga

Pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira, mtundu wa tubers ndi woyera, kulemera kwawo ndi 180-220g. Thupi ndi loyera. Zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino pophika zakudya, semi crumbly, yabwino kukoma, wowonjezera zili 18-22%. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi siopa kuleka kuphuka, imakhalanso ndi "detkovanii".

Kusungidwa bwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi khansa, kuchepa mochedwa, nkhanambo, matenda a tizilombo. Wogwiritsira ntchitoyo ali ndi mizu yolimba ndi yolimba yomwe ngakhale chilala sichinthu chovuta, komabe chiri chobiriwira ndi zotanuka. Kuphulika kumakhala kochuluka, pali fungo labwino kuchokera ku inflorescences.

Nkhani

Nthawi yapakati yoyamwitsa oyambirira. Maonekedwe a mtundu wa tubers ozungulira, oyera ndi pinki pamaso. Maso ang'ono okha.

Kukoma kwabwino ndi kusunga khalidwe. Zosakaniza ndi 14-17%. Zosiyanazi sizikufuna kupitirira kwa chinyezi.

Nkhani yachinsinsi imatha kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kuchokera ku 30-50 tubers, koma chikhalidwechi chimadalira zolima. Zokolola za zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana makilogalamu 40,000 / ha.

Peter Riddle

Nyengo ya pakati-yosiyanasiyana.

Maonekedwewa ndi ovunda, mtundu - wofiira ndi maso aang'ono pinki.

Ili ndi zokolola zambiri.. Kupezeka kwa wowuma 14-19%.

Zosungiramo zabwino.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi khansa, nkhanambo, macrosporosis, phytophthora, rhizoctoniosis.

League

Zamoyo zonse, zoyambirira, zololera, zosiyanasiyana zosankha.

Kukoma kwabwino, wowuma 14-17%.

Thupi ndi lofewa. Kukaniza matenda.

Maonekedwe ozungulira a mazira, mtundu - woyera.

Kwa Mizinda

Equator

Nyengo ya pakati-yosiyanasiyana. Mafuta a tubers kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Lili ndi makina okwera kwambiri mpaka 20%.

Amakonda zabwino. Kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa.

Mbatata ya tubatta yofiira, pinki yokhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono.

Santa

Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, amatsuka m'masiku 80-90.

Tubers ali achikasu, oboola ngati ovala, ndi khungu losalala.

Zili bwino kutsutsa mochedwa choipitsa, khansa, nematode, mavairasi.

Kukonzekera kuchokera ku chitsamba 1 800-1000g. Thupi ndi lowala. Mtengo wokhuthala ndi wotsika 10-14%.

Timo

Mitundu yoyambirira ya kusankha ku Finland.

Ili ndi makhalidwe osagwira chisanu, osatengeke ndi khansa ya mbatata, alterniosis, mochedwa choipitsa.

Mitundu ya tubers imakhala yozungulira, mthunzi woyera.

Kukhalanso kwathunthu kuchokera kumapeto kwa choipitsa kuchokera ku mbatata sikutheka. Koma nkofunika kutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya agrotechnical ndi kukhazikitsidwa panthaŵi yake. Mwa njira iyi, mukhoza kusunga mbatata.