Aliyense amadziwa za kabichi woyera, chifukwa ndi masamba otsika mtengo omwe angagulidwe mosavuta pa msika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.
Koma ndiuzeni, bwanji ndikugula ngati mungathe kulima mosavuta m'munda wanu.
Ndikuganiza kuti owerenga ambiri amavomereza mfundoyi, ndikuyika funso limodzi lokha: Kodi ndi kabichi yoyera iti imene imabzalidwa kuti ipereke masambawa kwa chaka chathunthu?
Ndi funso ili lomwe tiyesa kumvetsetsa zomwe zili pansipa, pomwe tidzakudziwitsani ndi mitundu yambiri yotchuka, yoyamba komanso yochedwa.
Kabichi yoyera kucha kucha: nthawi yokolola ndi mitundu yabwino
Gululi la mitundu yoyera kabichi makamaka limapangidwa kuti liwononge mwamsanga pomwe zomera zachotsedwa pamabedi.
Popeza amatchedwa oyambirira, ndiye kuti amatha kuchapa poyamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kawirikawiri, nyengo ya zomera za gululi siimatha nthawi yoposa 105-120, ndiko kuti, nthawi yoyambira kumera kwa mbeu ndi kukula kwa kabichi mitu.
Ultra oyambirira wosakanizidwa mawonekedwe woyera kabichi "Dawn F1"
Dzina lakuti "Zarya" limatenganso zina zosiyanasiyana za mbewuyi, ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa uli ndi ubwino wambiri, chifukwa chake tidzakuuzani za wosakanizidwa.
Mitu ya kabichi iyi ndi ya kukula kwapakati, ngakhale kuti imaposa dzina lofanana ndi kulemera kwake - kulemera kwake kufika pa 1.6 mpaka 2 kilogalamu.
Kabichi ya mkati ya kabichi iyi ili ndi masentimita 4-6, koma kunja kungakhoze kufika ngakhale masentimita 8.
Maonekedwe a mitu ambiri amapezeka akuzungulira. Koma koposa zonse izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a masamba: zobiriwira ndi zokutira sera zofooka, zowonongeka kapena zochepa.
Kwa kugwira pamwamba pa masamba ndi yosalala, ndi pang'ono makwinya. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwabwino, saladi ndi mbale zina zomwe zimachokera pazimenezi ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Fruiting mu mawonekedwe a haibridiyi ndi apamwamba kwambiri, omwe makamaka amathandiza kukula kwa mitu. Mitundu iwo ali pafupifupi nthawi imodziChoncho, pofuna kutambasula nthawi yakucha, tikulimbikitsanso kufesa mbewu ndi nthawi yambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mphukira yoyamba kufika pakuyamba kukhwima, nthawi zambiri amatenga masiku 107 mpaka 118.
Kodi kabichi ndi "Dawn F1" ndi chiyani?
- Chosangalatsa kwambiri chokula m'chigawo chakummwera cha Russia.
- Zokolola zoyambirira ndi zapamwamba kwambiri.
- Pali mankhwala abwino omwe amatsuka mitu ya kabichi.
Mwamwayi, koma kabichi zobiriwira za kabichi iyi ndi owerengeka ambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritse ntchito mwachindunji mawonekedwe atsopano. Zasungidwa iwo ali osati motalika kwambiri, ndipo sangafanane ndi pickling ngakhale kumalongeza.
"Dumas F1" - kabichi oyambirira chifukwa chokhazikika
Mitu ya haibridiyi imapanga "Dumas F1" yokhala ndi makina a kabichi. Mtundu wawo ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri: kuchokera ku utoto wosuta kuti ukhale wobiriwira.
Masambawa amakhala aakulu, otsetsereka m'mphepete mwa wavy. Makhalidwe abwino a kabichi iyi ali pamwambamwamba kwambiri, ndipo maonekedwe a malonda sagwedezeka kumbuyo. Ndi mitu yambiri ya makilogalamu 0.8-1.5, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti zikule ndikugwiritsira ntchito kunyumba ndi kugulitsa pamsika.
Kamichi kabwino kwambiri kabichi ndi kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri kubala chipatso ngakhale ikakula. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zokolola zochepa zokha zimakhudza kukula kwa mitu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri.
Komanso, cabbages "Dumas F1" yakucha nthawi yochuluka kwambiri: kukhwima kwabwino kumabwera mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (57) kuchokera pa tsiku lodzala mmunda wamaluwa.
Maluso ultra-oyambirira kabichi zosiyanasiyana
- Mwamba kwambiri kumenyana ndi mitu yokhotakhota, ngakhale pansi pa zovuta kwambiri.
- Kukhoza kukhalabe bwino pa mpesa popanda kuwonongeka ndi kusintha kwa kukoma.
- Kugula bwino ndi kulawa.
Kuipa kwa kabichi "Dumas F1" kumaphatikizaponso kokha kochepa kogwiritsira ntchito kwake zochepa zamapulatifomu moyo.
Mitengo yabwino pakati pa nyengo kabichi makamaka munda wanu wa ndiwo zamasamba
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito mtundu woyera wa kabichi ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa oyambirira. Amapangidwira kuti azidya mwatsopano m'dzinja.
Zikhoza kukhala zowawa, koma kukhalabe ndi kukoma kwake mu mawonekedwewa sikudzakhala yaitali - miyezi 3-4 yokha. Kukoma kwa kabichi kotere sikubwera mochedwa kwambiri - masiku 130 mutabzala mbewu.
Nyengo yamkati ya nyengo yamkati kabichi "Mphatso" - yokongoletsera bwino pabedi lanu
Maonekedwe a mitu ya zosiyanazi amapezeka kawirikawiri. Amakhala ndi osakanikirana, koma amasiyana ndi tsamba lobiriwira.
Mbali yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhalanso yosalala bwino komanso yowongoka kwa masamba, omwe amachititsa chidwi cha kukhalapo kwa sera pa iwo.
Misa ya mitu poyerekeza ndi mitundu yoyambirira, yodabwitsa - kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 4, kapena 5 kilograms. Komanso, kukoma kabichi "Mphatso" ali pa mlingo wapamwamba.
Maphunzirowa sikuti amangogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, komabe ndibwino kuti azitha kuyamwa ndi salting.
Zipatso kabichi "Mphatso" ndi zabwino kwambiri. Mukamabzala chiwembu 0.5 mpaka 0,6 mamita kuchokera kumalo a 1m2 opanda mavuto, mukhoza kukolola makilogalamu 15. Choncho, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukolola kabichizi zimapindula kwambiri ndi mbewu.
Kuwonjezera apo, kusasitsa kwathunthu kwa mitu kungakhalepo ngakhale patapita masiku 120, ngakhale kuti kupititsa patsogolo salting kapena pickling kabichi kuyenera kusungidwa pang'ono pa mabedi.
Kodi chiwerengero cha mtengo wapatali ndi chiyani chomwe chimakondweretsa?
- Chofunika kwambiri ndi ubwino wa kabichi ndi kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula bwino ndipo imabereka zipatso ngakhale m'madera a dziko la Siberia ndi Ural nyengo ya Russia. Palibe chifukwa ngakhale kukambirana za madera ena, chifukwa panthawi yabwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zokolola zabwino.
- Mitsuko yatsopano imasungidwa kwa miyezi inayi.
- Kukoma kwabwino ndi kuwonetsera kabichi.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ilibe zolakwika, imangoyenera kukonza mosamala, ulimi wabwino ndi kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda.
Zophatikiza mawonekedwe a sing'anga mochedwa kabichi "Menza F1": Ndi zinthu ziti zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimabisala zokha?
Mwa kukula kwa mitu yake, izi zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa kuti ndizolemba zambiri: kulemera iwo akhoza kusinthasintha kuyambira 4 mpaka 9 kilograms. Choncho, chinthu chachikulu si kukhala waulesi ndi chisamaliro ndi kudyetsa - kabichi sangakhalebe ngongole.
Mitu ya kabichi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophwanyika, timphuno tawo ndi yaying'ono, makamaka poyerekeza ndi miyeso yake yonse. Amaluwa okongola kwambiri, amanena kuti mosamala ndi kubzala mbewu mmapangidwe 0.9 ndi 0,6 mamita, mitu ya kabichi inapambana ngakhale makilogalamu 15.
Kotero ndi tchimo kuti musayese. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukoma kwake kuli bwino kwambiri, kabichi iyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso yosungirako.
Popeza mitu ya kabichi iyi imapangidwa kwambiri, ndiye zokolola kawirikawiri zimakhala zapamwamba. Inde, kuti zimadalira kwambiri chisamaliro ndi feteleza, koma ngakhale kwa munthu wosadziwa zambiri, izi siziri ntchito yaikulu.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi yakucha ya kabichi ya Menza F1 ndi yabwino - zomera zimakhala pafupi masiku 110 kuchokera pamene patsiku lakupita. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti chomera chikhoza kudzitama zabwino pamene mutabzala pafupifupi nyengo zonse za ku Russia.
Malusochimene chimasiyanitsa mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa:
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi khalidwe lawo labwino.
- Mphamvu yosunga pa mpesa (1-2 masabata pa chiyambi cha luso lakukhwima).
- Kuyambira nthawi yokolola, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zatsopano mpaka February.
Zimakhala zovuta kulankhula za zolephera za mawonekedwe osakanizidwa ngati amenewa, chifukwa ambiri alibe. Chinthu chokha ndicho kuthekera kwa kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zosiyana siyana zomwe sizikutetezedwa.
Komanso chidwi chowerenga za mitundu yabwino ya kolifulawa
Katsamba kofiira kabichi ndi mitundu yake
Nthawi ya kucha ya kabichi ikhoza kufika ngakhale masiku 180, ngakhale kuti izi ndizatsopano zatsopano. Pogwirizana ndi izi, sizingatheke kukula m'madera onse, ngakhale kuti chisamaliro cha chisanu cha mitundu yambiri chikudziwika bwino.
Koma komabe, pokhudzana ndi kusungirako, ndi kabichi yomwe imapambana mpikisano uliwonse. Zipatso zake zimapezeka pa msika mpaka mitundu yoyamba yoyambirira.
Kodi ndi zodabwitsa mochedwa woyera kabichi "Amager": kudziwa zosiyanasiyana
Mitu ya kabichi iyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, yolemera kuchokera ku 2.3 mpaka 3.6 kilogalamu, ngakhale izi siziri kutali. Ali ndi chingwe chapamwamba kwambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kungakhale kotalika masentimita 28.
Mabala a kabichi "Amager" ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, womwe uli ndi sera yowonjezera, yomwe imapangitsa kuti azikhala bwino. Mphepete mwa masamba akhoza kukhala ofewa ndi owopsa.
Mutu wamkati wa mutu uli ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Kwa nthawi ya luso lokhwima, kukoma kwa makhalidwe kabichi ndi zabwino, koma kwambiri bwino m'nyengo yozizira yosungirako.
Fruiting kabichi iyi zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale patapita nthawi (mwachidziwitso, pali ubwino). Kukwera kwazamisiri kwa mitu kumayamba pafupi masiku 117-148 mutabzala mbande mutseguka.
Mbewu sizimakula panthawi imodzimodzi, koma bwino. Makamaka, chimanga chokwanira cha matani 35-60 chikhoza kukolola m'minda pa hekitala.
Mwachidule ponena za ubwino wa kabichi "Amader" ku munda wamaluwa:
- Mitengo yapamwamba yobala zipatso, yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali komanso yobwera.
- Kukhazikika kwa mitu musanagwidwe.
- Amakula mokwanira m'madera akummwera ndi a pakati pa Russia.
Mwatsoka, koma kukaniza matenda mu kabichi iyi sikukwera. Makamaka atengekere kabichi "Amader" kuti mtima bacteriosis.
Fusarium wilt amakhalanso wamba. Ndiponso, posungira makulu a kabichi, zimatha kuyambitsa imfine ndi ndodo.
Late wosakanizidwa kabichi mawonekedwe "Kolobok F1"
Maonekedwe a mitu ya kabichi nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Mwa dongosolo, iwo ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 2-3.
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndi phesi lalifupi kwambiri la mkati, ngakhale kunja sikukhala motalika kwambiri. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kabichi "Kolobok F1" kwambiri, yomwe ingakhale chifukwa cha dzina limeneli.
Koma mtundu wa masamba, kunja kumakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ngakhale mudulidwe kabichi ndi yoyera. Kabichi imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa sourdough, ngakhale kuti imakhala yatsopano kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kuwonongeka ndi pinpoint necrosis.
The Kolobok F1 kabichi imabereka, yomwe imakula mu masiku 115-125 kuchokera nthawi yobzala mbewu, khalani ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba. Malo amodzi a 1m2 akhoza kukupatsani 7-12 kilogalamu ya zipatso zabwino, pamene kubzala mokwanira kumaloledwa kuti izi zosiyanasiyana - 0.5 ndi 0,4 mamita.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kwa hybrid ndilovomerezeka kukula zonse ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mbande ndi njira yopanda mbewu.
Chodziwika kwambiri zinthu anafotokoza kabichi zosiyanasiyana:
- Mukakulira panja, mumakhala bwino kukana mucous and vascular bacteriosis, mitundu yovunda, komanso fusarium.
- Kusungirako nthawi yaitali kwa mbeu - mpaka miyezi 8-10 kuchokera nthawi yokolola.
Zovuta za mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa pakukula uku sizinali zozindikirika. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zoonongeka ndi tizilombo toononga, zomwe zingatetezedwe ku phulusa lopaka phulusa.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kubzala kabichi woyera: mbali zazikulu
- Kufesa mbewu kungayambike kumayambiriro kwa March, koma nkofunika kuganizira zochitika za nyengo yanu komanso ngati zingatheke kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka m'masiku 30-40. Musanafese, ndikofunika kuti muwawathandize ndi madzi otentha ndi zosakaniza.
- Mbewu imayikidwa ku kuya kwa sentimenti imodzi, mtunda wa pakati pa mbewu ziwiri ndi 3-4 masentimita 3-4.
- Ali ndi masiku 12-15, mbande ingayambe kubala, yokhala ndi mabokosi ndi mpweya wabwino komanso pansi pa dzuwa.
- Musanadzalemo mbande musaiwale kuti mukonzekere bwino mabedi: kukumba mosamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
- Kubzala wa mbande ikuchitika ndi maonekedwe pa izo 3-4 woona masamba. Chiwembu chodzala chiyenera kukhala payekha pa gulu lililonse, poganizira kukula kwake kwa mitu yake.
- Mutabzala, zomera zimafuna kuthirira ndi kuvala nthawi zonse. Komanso, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse tikhalebe aukhondo m'munda, kuchotsa namsongole.
Mbali yosamalira kabichi woyera pa kukula
Kusamalira kabichi sikudzatha. Makamaka, mwamsanga mutabzala panja amafuna madzi okwanira 2 pa sabata - gwiritsani ntchito ndalama zokwanira 6-8 malita a madzi pa dera la 1m2.
Madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa mochepa, koma ochulukirapo. Komanso, kawiri pamwezi kabichi iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi njira zothetsera manyowa kapena manyowa. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi tizirombo. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kuti musunge kabichi musanayambe kupukuta ndi phulusa, perekani ndi mankhwala a anyezi kapena burdock.
Tizilombo tina timatha kuopa njira yothetsera phwetekere. Muyeso wa kupewa ndikuwonetseranso chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa mbeu m'munda.
