Dziko lakwawo la "Aporocactus" - madera otentha a ku AmericaNthaŵi zambiri amapezeka m'mayiko a ku Mexico a Hidalgo ndi Oaxaca, komanso ku Honduras, Panama, kumpoto kwa Peru, Guatemala, ndi Colombia.
Kulongosola kwachidule
Chikhalidwe chimakonda mapiri, ndipo m'chilengedwe "chimakwera" pa miyala yamtunda mpaka 2.5 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndi mizu yawo, epiphytes izi zimakula kukhala miyala, nthambi za zitsamba zamphamvu ndi mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zakuda kwambiri. Nthambi zakutchire zimakhala pansi pamtunda ndipo zimakhala zowonongeka kwambiri, ndi nthiti zachinsinsi. Pamwamba pake muli ndi golide wambiri.
Mawonekedwe ochokera ku chithunzi
Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zake. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphukira, zipatso, kukula ndi mawonekedwe.
"Yokhotakhota" (A. Flagelliformis)
Mbalame yamtengo wapatali imakhala yobiriwira, yowala kwambiri mpaka mamita 1, pamtanda - 2 masentimita. Mphukira yachinyamatayo imatsogoleredwa pamwamba, ndipo patapita nthawi imagwa. Halos ili pafupi kwambiri ndipo imadulidwa ndi zitsulo zoonda kwambiri za golidi zofanana ndi ziphuphu.
Maluwawo ali ndi mtundu wofiira, wofiira, koma waukulu - pafupifupi masentimita 8 m'litali ndi masentimita 6 m'mimba mwake, zipatso - zipatso zofiira, zokhala ndi mitsempha.
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza nyamakazi "Aporokaktus Pleyiform", mosamala:
Kontsatti (A. Conzattii)
Zimayambira Kontsatti zikukwawa, mpaka 2 cm wakuda. Akuwombera - wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. Mpumulowu umapangidwa ndi nthiti zapakati 8-12 ndi ma tubercles. Halos ali pafupi, wina ndi mzake amatha kufalikira ponseponse.
Maluwa a Kontsatti ali ofiira ndi mthunzi wa njerwa, mpaka mamita 9 centimita pamwamba. Mitengo yapakati imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, wonyezimira - wowala komanso wofiira.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa nyamakazi "Aporocactus Kontsatti", mosamala:
Ackermann (D. Ackermannii)
Ili ndi mphukira zoboola mabotolo ndi m'mphepete mwa scalloped. Maluwawa ndi fluffy, lalikulu - mpaka 10 cm pa wamtali chubu. Kuwonetsa bwino kukuwululidwa. "Dizokaktus Akkerman" adayambitsa mitundu yambiri.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa nyamakazi "Apococactus Ackermann", mosamala:
Amazonian (D. Amazonicus)
Zomwe zimayambira zimasokonezeka mosavuta ndi masamba, osati chifukwa chokhazikika, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa minga. Zimakula pafupifupi mamita. Maluwa - mtundu wa tubular, ndi wabuluu, wofiirira, wofiira.
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza nyamakazi "Amazon Aporocactus", mosamala:
"Beformis" (Phyllocactus Biformis)
The "Beformis" yathyoledwa, monga masamba, ndi serrated, nthambi. Maluwawo ndi ofiira, pinki, tubulare ndi ochepa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya "Dysocactus".
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza chipululu cha "Aporocactus Befors", mosamala:
MacDougallii (D. Macdougallii)
Nkhumbayi imakhala yobiriwira, yofanana ndi masamba, yomwe imatha kufika masentimita 30 m'litali ndi 5 cm m'lifupi. Pa halo kuli chikasu cha pubescence. Maluwa - wofiirira-pinki, mpaka masentimita 8 m'litali.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa nyamakazi "Apococactus McDougall", mosamala:
Martina (D. Martianus)
Mbalameyi imakhala yobiriwira mamita 25, ndipo imakhala ndi nthiti 4-5. Mbali zakale za mphukira ziri pafupifupi kuzungulira. Halos - ndi pubescence wachikasu. Maluwa ndi aakulu, ofiira ndi oyera stamens. Mababu osatsegulidwa amafanana ndi makandulo owongoka.
Chithunzichi chimasonyeza Martin Aporocactus cactus, mosamala:
"Chokongola" (D. Speciosus)
Epithet "yokongola" imadzilungamitsa yokha chifukwa cha maluwa aakulu mpaka 13 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 8, wofiira ndi mtundu wa bluish. Mphukira ndi yofiira, kufika mita imodzi, 1.5-2.5 masentimita wandiweyani. Mankhwala amamveka bwino pamphepete mwa tsinde. Mu halo 5-8 chikasu chamtundu wautali kuchokera 10mm.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa nyamakazi ya "Beautiful aporocactus", mosamala:
"Eihlamii" (D.Eichlamii)
Mphukira yaing'ono imakhala ndi mphepo, imatha kufika theka la mita, yopanda pang'ono. Maluwa amaoneka amodzi kapena m'magulu a zidutswa zisanu. Zimakhala zochepetseka, zooneka ngati mapiri 6-8 masentimita, mthunzi wa carmine, wokhala ndi zizindikiro zogwira maso. Kumalo awo, ndiye zipatso zofiira zozungulira pafupifupi 1.4 masentimita amapangidwa.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa nyamakazi "Aporocactus Eihlamii", mosamala:
Macranthus (D. Macranthus)
Maluwa a Macrantus ali ndi mandimu yonyezimira kapena ofiira - ngati chikhalidwe chikukula padera. Kutalika kwao ndi masentimita 4-6, pafupi ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira, chokhazikika pamapeto a zimayambira. Mukhale ndi fungo lolongosola. Zipatso - zofiira, mpaka 10 mm.
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza chiphalala "Apococactus Macranthus", mosamala:
Quezaltecus "(D. Quezaltecus)
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mafunde amphamvu a mawonekedwe a mzere wozungulira, womwe ndi waukulu mamita sentimenti. Ali ndi mizere itatu ya halos, yomwe mpaka 15 imayeretsa maselo aliwonse.
Mphukira kumbali imapezeka kuchokera ku hafu ya nthambi zazikulu mu mizere ingapo. Poyamba, iwo ndi ofiirira, kenaka akukhala obiriwira.
Maluwa amaoneka pamwamba kapena pamwamba pa mphukira. Zili bwino kwambiri, zotalika masentimita 9, zofiirira. Zimakhala pamwamba pa mchere. Zipatso zili zozungulira, zofiira kapena zachikasu, mpaka masentimita awiri kukula.
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza chipululu cha "Aporocactus Quezaltecus", mosamala:
Philansodius (D. Phyllanthoides)
Mtundu uwu umatchedwanso "German Empress". Anakhala mmodzi wa apainiya pakati pa Dizokaktus ndi zimayambira. Malinga ndi nthano, kwa nthawi yoyamba "Dizokaktus" inasintha m'munda wa Malmaison Castle, yomwe inali ya Mkazi Josephine Beauharnais.
"Filansodius" yakhazikika kwambiri. Mphukira yaikulu imakhala yozungulira m'munsi komanso pansipo, ndipo ukalamba umakhala mtengo wa mtengo. Kutalika kwa dera limeneli ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40 ndi 6 mm mu gawo. Sekondi zimayambira ndizowona, zowonongeka, zowopsya, zogwedeza pamphepete. Amakula mpaka masentimita 30, m'lifupi - mpaka masentimita asanu.
M'chaka, maluwa okongola amavomerera - woboola ngati belu, woboola mthunzi, wosasunthika. Kutalika kwa chimodzi - kuchokera 8 masentimita, pafupifupi masentimita 9 mu kukula. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zotchedwa elliptical, masentimita 4 mu kukula, ndi nthiti zotsika zikuwoneka. Poyamba iwo ndi ofiira, kenako amawoneka ofiira.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa nyamakazi "Aporocactus Filansodius", mosamala:
Kusamalira kwanu
Mitundu yambiri ndi yodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa. Koma pofuna kukwaniritsa maluwa okongola kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zoyenera.
Maluwa
Mbewu yoyamba ikuwonekera kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Nthawi imeneyi imatha milungu ingapo, ndipo mwa mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Aporokaktus Pleyvidnogo, nyengo yonseyi. Kuphulika kunapatsa mowolowa manja, panthawi ya masamba a budding amasamala kuwala.
Kuchokera nthawi yomwe maonekedwewo amaonekera mpaka kucha kwa zipatso, mphika sungakonzedwenso ndipo dothi sililoledwa. Makamaka mitundu yambiri ya mitundu pa zitsanzo zomwe zinkalumikizidwa pamtanda.
Zotsatira zogula
Pambuyo pa kugula ayenera kubwezeretsanso choyambira.
Sungani zitsulo zosungira zosayenera kuti zisakule.
Masiku khumi oyambirira amapereka nthaka yabwino, chifukwa kusungirako sitolo kumakhala kochuluka.
A pang'ono zouma chikhalidwe amalekerera kuika mosavuta.
Atachotsedwa kuchoka mu chidebe, mizu imatsukidwa ndi peat, mosamala.
Chenjerani! Ngati pali zakufa, zowola, zowuma pamzuzi kapena muzu, zimadulidwa, ndizokhetsedwa ndi makala.
Nthawi zina zimalangizidwa kukonzekera kusambira (kutentha pafupifupi 50-55 ° C) ndi kuwonjezera kwa fungicide ndi tizilombo kuti tithe kuchotsa zakuthupi musanayambe "kukhazikika" mu mphika watsopano, kuti tipewe tizirombo ndi kukweza kukula. Kenaka chomeracho chimauma pamalo otsika ndi mizu yolunjika.
Mulimonsemo, nyembayi imayenera kukonzedwa - kuchokera ku mizu mpaka pamwamba - ndi fungicide kapena tizilombo, kutsatira malangizo okonzekera. Nthawi yomweyo musalowe muzakolo, mumasowa "kusungika kwaokha" mwezi uliwonse, ndipo ngati chomeracho chiri ndi kachilombo, zikhalidwe zathanzi sizidzakhudzidwa. Pa malo okongola awa okhaokha.
Kuunikira
"Aporocactus" imakhala ngati kuwala, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kumene kukula kumachepa ndipo maluwa amakula kwambiri. Malo abwino kwambiri m'nyumbayi ali kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwawindo, koma mbali ya kumpoto ndi yosayenera.
Kutentha
Kutentha ndi kutentha zimatsutsana.
Mphamvu yabwino ya kutentha kwa mafuta ndi madigiri 20-25 m'chilimwe.
"Aporocactus" mumakonda mpweya wabwino.
Koma m'chilimwe sasiya dzuwa, posankha malo othunzi.
M'miyezi yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi 10 C.
Ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha uku kuti mukhalebe bwino.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Pa nyengo yokula, zimayambira zimatulutsidwa ndi madzi ofunda otentha kuchokera ku sprayer. Izi zidzakwaniritsa chomeracho ndi chinyezi chofunikira ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa nkhupakupa. Kupaka kupopera mankhwala m'mawa, popanda mapangidwe a madontho, kumayamba mu February, kuchititsa kuti izi ziphuphu.
Osati madzi ndi madzi., yokhazikika, pambuyo pa kukonza laimu. M'miyezi ya chilimwe, kuthirira kuli wochuluka, komwe kumakhala kanyontho nthawi zonse, koma pangakhale pasakhale madzi poto. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchepetsa kwa kuthirira kwafupika, makamaka ngati Dizokaktus amasungidwa kutentha, ndipo nthaka iyenera kuuma.
Feteleza
Sungani nthaka kuchokera pa March 2 pa mwezi, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zokonzekera cacti. Only chitsamba adzakhala pachimake - kusiya kudya.
Kuwaza
Zikhalidwe za zaka zoyamba za moyo zimasinthidwa pachaka., wamkulu - kamodzi pa zaka zitatu, m'chaka. Zakudya za kubzala zimagwiritsa ntchito zambiri ndi zazing'ono. Mitundu ina imabzalidwa m'makungwa a oak, ndowe kapena miyala yamoto.
Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, yomwe ingakonzedwe pakhomo malinga ndi izi:
- peaty, turfy ground, mchenga - ndi gawo limodzi;
- Njerwa yamtengo wapatali ya madzi - theka la kutumikira;
- miyala yaying'ono kapena miyala ya graniti - gawo limodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Zolembazo zimaphatikizapo malasha a birch, omwe asanamveke.
Komanso amagulitsidwa m'masitolo akukonzekera kusakaniza. Ndipo muyeso yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, nthaka iyenera kukhala yosawilitsidwa.
Kuswana
Kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings, nthawi zambiri - mbewu.
Cuttings (pafupifupi masentimita 7) kudula pamwamba kapena kumbali nthambi, zouma kwa masiku awiri.
Mchenga wa mchenga umathiridwa mu mphika waukulu wosasunthika, wokhala ndi miyala yopangidwa ndi masentimita 5 mm.
Mankhwalawa amawongolera, pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo ndi garter opangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya wa nkhosa.
Sungunulani nthaka ndi botolo lazitsulo, kupewa kupewa kukhudzana ndi zimayambira.
Mizu yoyamba ikuwonekera pafupi masiku 14. Pamene mphukirayi imakhulupirira mozama, kubwezera kumachotsedwa.
Kubzala mbewu kumatenga chipatso chopsa. Ngati kukwera kwake kukuchitika mu November - December, mukufuna nyali ya fulorosenti, mwinamwake muzichita mu March - April. Kuphimba chivundikiro ndi kapu kapena galasi, kusiya mpweya.
Zolemba za dothi:
- tsamba lapansi (laimu), mchenga wa quartz - umodzi ndi umodzi;
- peat, njerwa (drainage), makala obiridwa - gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Dziko lapansi likuyenera kuti liziziritsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala, mbewu zimathiridwa mu potaziyamu permanganate kwa maola 12-20.
Mu nthaka iwo amaika grooves pansi. Pambuyo posinthitsa zokololazo, dothi lathyoledwa bwino, linasiya kutentha (+35 o C tsiku, + 20 o C usiku), malo owala. Miyezi itatu yoyambirira onetsetsani kuti chipinda chimakhala chonyowa.
Matenda, tizirombo
Kuopsa kwa chikhalidwe ndi:
- nematodes;
- scythes;
- kangaude
"Aporocactus" kapena "Dizokaktusy" amaonedwa kuti akulonjeza kuti azisamalira zamasamba. Pa mtengo wotsika, ngakhale woyamba akhoza kulowa m'nyumba yake pandezidenti, yomwe idzakondweretse maluwa okongola.
