Amaluwa ambiri akulolera kukula mapeyala mu chiwembu chawo, koma ambiri a iwo chomeracho akuwoneka chokongola kwambiri, ndipo pofuna kupeĊµa vuto losafunika, ilo silitha.
Ndipo sizingatheke pachabe - palibe mavuto apadera, ndipo chisanu chili ndi zaka makumi atatu, ndipo mitundu yamakono imasamutsidwa ku nkhanambo.
Mwa mitundu yawo yonse ayenera kumvetsera zosiyanasiyana "Lira".
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Peyala "Lira" imapsa pakati pa mwezi wa September ndipo amatanthauza oyambirira m'nyengo yozizira. Pa nthawi yosonkhanitsa, zipatso zimakhala zachikasu ndi zowonongeka, zosasangalatsa, zofiirira, zofiirira.
Pamene mapeyala amasungidwa, amawoneka achikasu, ndipo kuwala kumakhala kowala, Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimasungidwa mpaka December, January, komanso malinga ndi zina zopezeka - mpaka February-March.
Zima zamasamba zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo: January, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya ndi Fairy.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Lira" - wosakanizidwa wa Bere yozizira Michurin mitundu ndi Forest Beauty, yomwe inapezeka mu bungwe la All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding of Fruit Crops, ndi gulu la asayansi-obereketsa.
Zozizira zoyambirira izi zimaphatikizidwa mu Register Register Chigawo chapakati cha Russian Federation.
Peyala "Lira": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Zipatso za peyala mitundu "Lira" lalikulu, kuchokera 200 mpaka 250 magalamu, bwino peyala mawonekedwe ndi pang'ono bevel, thupi lofewa, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, lokoma ndi zowawa pang'ono, zonunkhira bwinokhalidwe la mitundu.
Mbewu yambewu imatseka, mbewuzo ndizochepa.
Peyala mtengo mitundu "Lira" lalikulu kukula mphamvu, korona wa sing'anga makulidwe, yotakata, pyramidal mawonekedwe, woyera maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu sing'anga-kakulidwe inflorescences, tsamba ndi laling'ono, elongated, mdima wobiriwira, wosasunthika, zipatso ali ndi phesi lalifupi ndi ndi mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri ingagwe.
Zokololazo ndizitali komanso zowakhazikikachomera amalola chisanu pa madigiri 30 ndipo sagwirizana ndi nkhanambo.
Mitundu yambiri yamaperesi ikuphatikizapo: Uralochka, Severyanka red-cheeked, Lel, Svarog ndi Perun.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza peyala zosiyanasiyana "Lira" akhoza kukhala pa chithunzi pansipa:
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kodi mwagula mmera wa pepala la "Lira" ndipo simukukayikirapo?
Mungakhale otsimikiza kokha ngati wogulitsa ali ndi mbiri yabwino ndikukugulitsani ndendende bwino, osati zomwe adachita mwangozi, zomwe zimapezeka m'misika yathu.
Malo odzala mapeyala ayenera kuthandizidwa mozama, kawirikawiri kuchepetsa kukula kwa chomera ichi kumagwirizana ndi malo olakwika obzala.
Mtengo waukulu wa peyala, umakonda dzuwachachikulu ndicho, chipatso chachikulu ndi chokoma ndi, chimakhala nthawi yaitali ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala zaka zambiri kuti zikondweretsereni ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo ziyenera kukhala malo abwino m'munda.
Zingakhale zabwino kwa wokonda mapeyala kumbali yathu kuti adye mitengo yambiri ya peyala ya mitundu yosiyana ndi yakucha - ngakhale chomera chokha chomera chomera, koma pollination yopambana imachulukitsa zokolola.
Musati muzengere peyala pakati pa nyumba, pafupi ndi makoma ndi zitunda, sizimalola kulemba ndi kumeta.
Kubzala ndibwino osakwatiwa kapena biennial mbandewamkulu chomera, chovuta kwambiri ndicho kusuntha.
Mukhoza kubzala peyala mu kugwa ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi chomera chomwe chimakula mu chidebe - kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, mizu yake panthawi yomwe imasindikizidwa imadwala pang'ono.
Peyala silingalole kusefukira kwa madzi, ngati pakufunika kulima zomera pamphepete kapena mapiri, ndi kuchotsa madzi owonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka.
Mapiri ndi mapiri ali okonzedwa mophweka, chachikulu chomera zinyalala chimasonkhanitsa pamalo osankhidwa, ndiye ochepa, omwe ali ndi nthaka. Ridge ayenera kukhala osachepera 50 centimita, ndi mamita pafupifupi mita. Mapiri akukonzekera chimodzimodzi.
Khola loyenderera liyenera kukhala lalikulu mita imodzi, ndipo m'mimba mwake likhale 80 ndi 80 cm., pa chombo chilichonse chokwera muyenera kuphika chisakanizo cha 1 kapena 2 ziwiya za humus, manja awiri a superphosphate, ochepa mchere wa potaziyamu ndi mafosholo a phulusa.
Chosakanizacho chimasakanizidwa bwino, hillock imakonzedwa pansi pa dzenje ndipo mizu ya mmera imatambasulidwa kumbali zake, gawo lililonse la nthaka pamene mizu ikugona, yaying'ono, Msuzi wa mizu iyenera kuikidwa pamwamba pamtunda, mukamwetsa nthaka idzakhazikika ndipo khosi lidzakhazikika.
Sapling imafuna momasuka tizimanga khola. Pamphepete mwa dzenje lakutsetsereka lakonzedwa Kupukuta pa nthaka kuti asunge madzi patsiku, pa sapling imodzi amafunikira zidebe ziwiri zamadzi.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala madzi zopangidwa ngati zofunika, bwalo la thunthu limamasula.
Zikakhala kuti landings si osakwatira, Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala wa mamita 3 mpaka 5. Musaiwale za namsongole, ayenera kuonongeka pa nthawi yake.
Mtengo wa peyala ndi wokhazikika pamutu, chifukwa chake kudulira kumakhala koyera, chaka chimodzi chaka chisala mutabzala msanga osapitirira mita imodzi, ndipo impso pansipa masentimita 50 zachotsedwa.
Ngati chomera chaching'ono chimawomba ndikukula pamwamba, zabwino zomwe ziyenera kuzisiyidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zikhazikitsidwe ndikuyikidwa pambali, zotsatiridwa ndi zingwe ku zingwezo, mwinamwake sizikhoza kubereka zipatso, ndipo nsonga zotsala ziyenera kudulidwa.
Mukamabzala, nthaka inali yabwino yokhala ndi feteleza komanso zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito patangopita zaka zitatu, komanso feteleza mchere - ngati mphukira ikukula.
Kudyetsa kofiira kofiira, mankhwala ambiri amayamba, Kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.
Mitundu ya peyala "Lira" amalowa fructification kwa zaka 3 kapena zisanu mutabzala, kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, maluwa amafunika kukumbidwa, kambewu kameneka kamakhala kosavuta kumadzi, kumasula nthaka, namsongole, koma poyambira fruiting nthaka ndi yabwino kwambiri kumata ndi kumalira kuti m'malo mwake mutenge.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana "Lira" zosagwirizana ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.htmlkoma ikhoza kubweretsa zipatso zowola, dzimbiri, kapena bakiteriya kutentha, ndi Kupopera mbewu ndi njira 10% ya urea kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena yophukira kudzakhala njira yabwino yothandizira, cholinga chomwecho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo Delan, Skor ndi zina zoterokuzigwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa molingana ndi malangizo.
Mitundu yosamalidwa ndi matenda: Svetlyanka, Samara Kukongola, Tatiana, Talgar Kukongola ndi Skorospelka ku Michurinsk.
Kusamalira bwino mbewu amachepetsa chiopsezo chotayira mbewu chifukwa cha tizirombo, nthata zam'mimba, tsvetoedy ndi moths sichidzawonongeke kwambiri ngati atadziwika ndikuwonongedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira yodzitetezera yodalirika ndi kuyeretsa thunthu la mtengo wa peyala ku makungwa akale ndi lichen ndi moss wakula pa iyo, mutatha kutsuka thunthu ndi nthambi zazikuluzikulu oyeretsedwa ndi yankho la laimu ndi Kuwonjezera dothi, mullein kapena sulphate yachitsulo.
Chisamaliro choyenera ndithudi chidzapereka zokolola zambiri.
Mtundu wa peyala "Lyra" ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira ndipo amautcha choncho, osati chifukwa chakuti timasonkhanitsa mapeyala m'nyengo yozizira, koma chifukwa pakati pa nyengo yozizira, pamene pali zipatso zochepa, timasangalala ndi zipatso zabwinozi.
Yang'anani kanema pa peyala zosiyanasiyana "Lira".
