Chabwino, ndi munda wopanda peyala? Ngakhale wamaluwawo omwe alibe chidwi ndi peyala monga munda, mtengo umodzi unabzalidwa.
Peyala akadali yotsika kwambiri pakudziwika kwa mitengo ya apulo, izi zimabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwadzidzidzi kwa wamaluwa pa zochitika zatsopano zobereketsa, zakhala zikutha kukhala osadziwika kummwera.
Kusankha kwa wamaluwa kumapanga mitundu yoposa 200 ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - chomera, musakhale waulesi, ndipo zipatso zabwino zidzasangalatsa patebulo lanu kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka March.
Peyala Larin mpaka March sichidzapulumutsidwa, koma pali mitundu yokwanira yozizira popanda izi - kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chithunzi cha zipatso ndi ndemanga za mlimi.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani omwe ali osiyanasiyana?
Zosiyanasiyana za peyala Larinskaya - autumnzokolola ziyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September, iye anakhalabe miyezi ingapokapena kani, ilo limapsa.
Mapeyala panthawi yosonkhanitsa kuwala kobiriwira, panthawi yosungirako mtundu umasintha kukhala wachikasu, juiciness wa chipatso sichicheperachepera, kukoma kwake kumakula kwambiri, kumakhala kokoma.
Kukoma uku kumatchedwa mchere. Mbewu yambewu ndi yaing'ono, ili ndi mawonekedwe a anyezi, otsegula mtundu, mbewu ndizochepa, zofiirira.
Kukoma kwakukulu kungadzitamande mapeyala Elena, Vernaya, Victoria, Forest Beauty ndi Muscovite.
Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira, omangidwa ndi peyala, kulemera mpaka 200 magalamu bwino, ndipo pafupifupi 140-150 magalamu ndi zokolola 50 kilogalamu ya matabwa pachaka.
Komanso zimakhala zosiyana-siyana: January, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Svetlyanka ndi Rogneda.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Larinskaya pear mitundu - mtundu wosakanizidwa pakati mitundu Chiweto cha Clapp ndi Pepala la Ussurian 41-15-9, opezeka ndi abusa a South Ural Scientific-Research Institute for Horticulture ndi mbatata. Zinalembedwa mu Register Register ya dera la Ural.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala Larinskaya - kupitiriza mu chithunzi cha chipatso ndi kufotokoza maonekedwe a mtengo.
Chithunzi
Maonekedwe
Mtengo wa peyala ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokula, pafupifupi mamita 6, korona wake wamphamvu ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, nthambi zimakula kuchokera ku thunthu kumbali yowongoka, zokhota ngati ziyenera, zimayang'ana pamwamba (zomwe zimakhala zosafunika kwa peyala), thunthu ilibe nsonga zochuluka.
Tsamba ndi lalikulu, maluwa ndi oyera, onunkhira, zosiyanasiyana ndi skoroplodny, zipatso zoyamba zimaonekera pa zaka zisanu.
Ziyenera kudziwika kudzichepetsa mitundu Larinskaya.
Kuthamanga kwambiri kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwambiri, zovuta kulekerera chilala nkhanambo kukana peyala ya gall mite, bakiteriya yotentha amachititsa izi kukhala zokopa kwa wamaluwa.
Kusankha malo okhala
Mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja, kubzala mbewu yaying'ono pamtengowo - palibe kusiyana kwakukulu, mikhalidwe yomwe mbewuyo imagwera nayo ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya "kuthetsa".
Peyala sungakhoze kuonedwa kuti ndi chomera chodabwitsa, koma, ngati mitundu ina iliyonse, imakhala ndi zofuna zawo, ndipo iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha malo obzala, mwinamwake simungakhoze kuwona zokolola zabwino.
Mtengo uli wamphamvu, ndi zaka zapamwamba korona wa Larinskaya zosiyanasiyana zimatuluka, ndipo popeza ngale ya Larinskaya silingalole madera oyandikana nawo, malo oti ikamatera ayenera kusankhidwa kutali ndi nyumba, mipanda ndi zomera zomwe zingamenyane naye.
Kukula koyenera ndi fruiting peyala amafunikira dzuwa lambiri, ndi kusowa kwake, mtengo sukula bwino, zipatso ndizochepa, zowawasa, zosalala bwino, korona wa mtengo uyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, ndikofunikira kupewa matenda a fungal.
Kuchokera pa izi zonse zimatsatira kuti peyala sankhani malo omasuka, abwino komanso mpweya wabwino.
Peyala si yokondweretsa kwambiri kunthaka, imakula kwambiri pa zolemetsa zolemera, koma nthaka iliyonse ikhoza kukhala yonunkhira ikabzalidwa.
Posankha malo, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zokolola zimatheka kokha ngati mapeyala ena amakula pafupi.
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yopanga mungu wochokera ku Larinskaya zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yotsatirayi: Severyanka ndi Fairytale.
Tikufika
M'pofunika kudzala peyala ya Larinskaya, poganizira kukula kwake, ndi nthawi ya mamita 6 ndi 4kuya kwake kwa dzenje liyenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi, ndi madigiri - 80 mpaka 80 cm.
Mukamakumba dzenje, dothi lokhala pamwamba, popeza liri lachonde kwambiri, liyenera kupatulidwa pambali pazitsamba zochepa.
Chopondetsa mosamala kuphatikiza ndi chidebe chachikulu cha humus, 1 chikho cha superphosphate, makapu 0,5 a potaziyamu salt ndi fosholo nkhuni phulusa.
Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndikwanira kwa zaka zitatu, ndipo feteleza amchere angagwiritsidwe ntchito patatha chaka chimodzi, ngati kukula kwa mbeu yaying'ono.
Mbalame imayikidwa pakatikati pa dzenje lakubzala, mizu yake imakhala pamtunda pamtunda, bwino kwambiri, ngati anthu awiri atenga nawo mbali - kubzala mbeu kumalo ofunikako, ndipo yachiwiri imagona pansi, ndikuphwanya nthaka nthawi zonse.
Mizu iyenera kugona pansi, ma airbags adzatsogolera mizu ndi imfa ya chomeracho.
Muzu wa mizu ayenera kukhala masentimita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka, mukamwetsa, nthaka idzatha ndipo khosi lidzakhala pamalo abwino.
Asanayambe kuthirira kuchokera ku nthaka yochepetsetsa yomwe imapatsidwa pamene akumba dzenje lakudzala, Nkofunika kupanga phokoso pamphepete mwa dzenje kuti madzi asamwe madzi, sapling imodzi imakhala ndi zidebe 2 za madzi; madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono pamene atengeka.
Wamng'ono mmera, mofulumira kuwomba mizu kumachitika, chifukwa Zomera zimakonzedwa bwino kwambiri zaka 1 ndi 2.
Kutha kumapeto kuyenera akuyendetsa nkhumba mu dzenje lakufika, ili pafupi ndi sapling, koma pamtunda wotere kuti usasokoneze kukula kwake, chomeracho chimamangiriridwa ndi msomali.
Nthambi sayenera kugwirizane ndi chiwombankhanga ndikuletsa kukula kwake msanga. Chomera peyala yabwino kasupePakati pa zomera, kambewu kakang'ono kamatha kumera ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mitengo yomwe idagulidwa pa kugwa iyenera kukhala prikopat mu ngalande, imakhala pamwamba pa thunthu ndi korona, ndikuyiika pambali ya madigiri 45.
Kudulira
Peyala palokha imapanga korona yake, koma ndibwino kuti musalole kuti izi zitheke ndikupanga kusintha kwake. Pochitika kuti mbeuyo ndi chaka Zifikitseni kwa mita imodzi, chotsani masamba omwe ali pansi pa masentimita 50.
Mbeu ya Biennial imafuna kufupikitsa nthambi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwakeIzi zimayambitsa chitukuko cha mizu yachinyamatayo ndikufulumizitsa kulowa mu fruiting siteji.
M'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kumera nthambi za zaka chimodzi, zimachepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, ndi mwana wakale wazaka ziwiri amafunikira kudulira kokha ndi kukonza.
Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo peyala amapita pachaka kudulira mwaukhondo zomwe pang'onopang'ono, monga miyengo ya mtengo, zimaloledwa ndi kubwezeretsedwanso.
Pamene kudulira mapeyala, akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yonse, pamene kudula chidutswa sikuyenera kukhala chopanda, khungwa pamalo odulidwayo amatsukidwa ndi mpeni, malo odulidwa ayenera kuyang'ana bwino, osati okongola, ndithudi - chifukwa cha thanzi labwino, zochepetsetsa, zosavuta kuti mbewuyo ikhale yochepetsedwa, mofulumira mabalawo adzakula.
Zonse kudula kupitirira masentimita awiri m'kati mwake kumafunika kujambula ndi mafuta odzola kapena mafuta. Korona wa peyala ya kalasi ya Larinsky mwa chikhalidwe cha anthu owerengeka, imakhala yosavuta kuchepetsa.
Kuthirira
Titatha chomera chachikulu chimafuna kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse chinyezi komanso madzi ngati pakufunika, chomera chokhazikika chimamwetsedwa ndi chilala chokhalitsa, koma osati kamodzi pamwezi ulimi wothirira umaphatikizidwa ndi umuna, monga kuyamwa kwawo popanda okwanira chinyezi ndi zovuta.
Zosiyanasiyana Zambiri Larinskaya chilala zosagwiraamalolera kutentha ndi Kuthirira munthu wamkulu sikufunika, ndi feteleza ndi feteleza zamchere zimatha kupangidwa ndi njira ya foliar.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chomera chochepa chimafuna zakudya zabwino ndi feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zibzala zimakwanira kwa zaka zingapo., kusowa kwa zakudya zowonjezera kumakhala kosazindikirika pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mphukira.
Ngati chomera chikukula bwino, usathamangire kudyetsa, Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kapena feteleza kumayambitsa kukula, komwe kumawathandiza kufalikira kwa mphukira, kuchepetsa kukula kwa ukalambathickening ya korona ndi nsonga, ndi Kuwonjezera pa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zimayambitsa poizoni wa thupi la mbeu, pali mitundu yonse yosasangalatsa, yofanana ndi matendawa.
Sayansi siimaima ndi yosangalatsa, zomwe zikuchitika bwino asayansi, ndipo pakati pawo - kudya kwa foliar, zikuchuluka kwambiri. Chakudya cha Foliar chimayesetsa kukonzanso chitetezo chomera, kuonjezera zokolola ndikukula bwino.
Kupopera mbewu kungapangidwe chimodzimodzi ndi mankhwala opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mapulani a foliar apangidwa ndipo apangidwa kale kuti athe kupeza zofunika zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zanu.
Ambiri amaluwawa amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala: Ecolist, Adobe, Kristalon, Salyubor ndi zina zotero.
Chisamaliro
Zaka zoyambirira za moyo, mbande zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kuti azisamalira okha.
Kuthirira, kuyanika, kutsegulira thumba la thunthu kumachitika panthawi yonse ya zomera, m'dzinja mitengo ya thunthu imayenera kukumba mozama kwambiri, ndipo pakuyambika kwa fruiting ndikofunikira kutulutsa timing a tinthu timene ndikudula udzu ngati n'kofunikira.
Mitengo yaing'ono imatha kukopa makoswe m'nyengo yozizira, m'dzinja ndi kofunika kumangiriza mitengo ikuluikulu ndi ruberoid, lapnikom kapena zipangizo zina zomwe sizingasokoneze mbewa ndi hares.
Pamene akukula, kufunika kwa chiyeso ichi kumatayika, mtengo umamanga makungwa amphamvu, koma pamene ukukula, wakufa, zidutswa zowonongeka zimagwirako.
Zimakhala malo okhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Mosses ndi lichens zimakhazikika pa nkhuni zakufa. Izi sizikuvomerezeka. thunthu ndi zigoba nthambi ziyenera kupitilira chaka chilichonse kukonzanso kasupe.
Pogwiritsira ntchito brush kapena siritsi yosalima zomera, Pewani mokwanira kuti mukhale ndi makungwa ambirizotheka Kuwonongeka kumachitidwa ndi chitsulo cha sulphate kuti chitetezo cha disinfection, zinyalala zichotsedwe mosamala ndi kutenthedwa.
Trunk ndi mafupa nthambi ndi osakaniza limes ndi udongo mu gawo limodzi ndi Kuwonjezera kwa 100 gm ya ferrous sulphateNgati pali mwayi woterewu, onjezerani pang'ono pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawa akuyenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano wa kirimu wowawasa.
Izi sizimayesedwa ndi mbadwo umodzi wa wamaluwa ndipo safuna zofalitsa. Ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe - makungwa amamasulidwa, mosavuta kuchotsedwa, ziwalo zamoyo za thunthu sizingawonongeke.
M'dzinja m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa korona, ngati pali zipatso zowuma, odwala matenda, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa pamodzi ndi masamba omwe anasonkhanitsidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala Larinskaya imatha kukana matenda ali ndi chitetezo cholowa mwa Ussuri pear 41-15-9, yomwe ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa.
Kumayambiriro kasupe kapena mochedwa yopopera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 10% urea yankho ali ndi njira zoteteza. Aliyense wakhala akudziŵa kale kuti njira zamakono zaulimi zidzateteza munda ku matenda kapena kuwalola kuti azindikire mwamsanga ndi kuchiritsidwa.
Kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiko kupewa matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya, omwe tizilombo timanyamula spores ndi mabakiteriya, pamene amasuntha mosavuta m'munda.
Komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda kungadzitamande: Zojambula zokongola, Uralochka, Silent Don, Tyoma ndi Svarog.
Mundawo udzapulumutsidwa ku podozhorok, tsvetoedov, nkhupakupa, pear sucker, chithandizo chopewa chisanafike ndi pambuyo pake maluwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zimakhala zovuta kupeza zolakwika mu peyala ya Larinskaya zosiyanasiyana - mawonekedwe achilendo, kukana mitundu yonse ya mavuto, mchere kukoma ndi mosalekeza mkulu zokolola analola mitunduyi kuti idziwe bwino minda ya okonda; imakula peyala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Larinsky ndi minda ya zipatso pa mafakitale.
Pakati pa mapeyala omwe ndi odzichepetsa ndikuyeneranso kumvetsera Krasnobakaya, Hera, Cathedral, Krasulya ndi Lada.
