Abusa anayesa: peyala Svarog imakula bwino ku Siberia

Mu nyimbo yotchuka, kuti apange chithunzi chonse cha munda, akuti: "apulo ndi peyala zinakula." Inde, komanso aliyense wolima munda, akuyika munda, chinthu choyamba anabzala apulo mmera, ndiyeno peyala.

Ndipo kotero, kwa zaka mazana angapo, pambuyo pa mtundu uwu wa mitengo ya zipatso yosauka inabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Greece dzuwa kudutsa Poland. Kotero adayitanitsa chipatso chake m'Chipolishi - Dula.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, chisanu cha Russian chinali chopinga chokweza chipatso ichi cha kumpoto kwa Russia. Koma kupambana kosankhidwa kunapangitsa peyala kukhala malo ozoloŵera ngakhale minda ya Siberia. Izi ndizo peyala Svarog - kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha chipatso pambuyo pake.

Mbiri yobereka

Pangani zitsamba zosagonjetsedwa ku Siberia - cholinga chachikulu cha timuyi Ndiwathandize. M. Lisavenkozomwe wakhala akuchita kuyambira 1973. Tsopano nthambi zowakhazikitsa kafukufuku ndi minda yowonetsera zili m'madera atatu: Dera la Tomsk, Barnaul, Republic of Altai.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko, yemwe adadzipereka yekha kubzala ku Siberia ndipo adapanga mitundu yoposa 128 ya zipatso zobala zipatso, osakhalansopo, koma ntchito yosankha ikupitirirabe pakati pa zinthu zatsopano - nyengo yozizira-yolimba ya mapeyala, yotchedwa milungu ya Aslavic: Svarog, Perun, Veles, Lel "," Kupava ".

Makolo athu a Chikhristu chisanayambe anali ndi Svarog, thupi la pansi la mtundu, mtundu wa chirichonse. Kodi katundu wotani amanyamula dzina ili la wosakanizidwa mu interspecific?

Ubwino:

• Kusakanikizidwa kukana nyengo yozizira ya Siberia (mpaka 30 ° C);
• kucha kwa zipatso mpaka woyamba chisanu (September-October);
• kuchuluka kwa mavoti ambiri a mbewu;
• kukamba bwino;
• mphamvu yosungirako (mpaka miyezi itatu);
• mtengo wa malonda a ogula;
• zopangira zopindulitsa mu processing;
• Kukaniza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya.

Peyala mitundu amadziwika ndi zabwino yozizira hardiness: Severyanka, Bere Russkaya, Yakovlevskaya, Uralochka ndi Chizhovskaya.

Kuipa:

• kukula kwa zipatso (pansipa kukula kwake);
• kudzikonda komanso kudalira pa pollinator;
• korona thickening;
• chiwopsezo cha zotsatira za chilala.

Thandizo: Mtengo wa peyala ndi wachikondi kwambiri, koma umakhala ndi chilala; Kuda kwa chisanu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kwa mitundu ya chitumbuwa ndi apulo, zomwe zimapezeka m'madera omwewo.

Zina mwachinsinsi

Peyala monga chomera chimapezeka m'chilengedwe ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba ndi mtengo.

Zakale za mbiri ya kukula kwa mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Persia, South of Europe, Caucasus, Pamirs, Far East ndi Tasmania kutali.

Mitundu yonseyi ingagawidwe ndi kukula:

• oyambirira (kwa Siberia, oyambirira-autumn);
• autumn (pambuyo-kumapeto kwa Siberia);
• nyengo yozizira (osati yachizolowezi ku Siberia).

1. Kawirikawiri peyala - mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mtengo wa zipatso, zosiyana m'makhalidwe a morphological.Malingana ndi malo okhala, mitundu 60 imasankhidwa, apa pali ena mwa iwo:
   • Peyala ya Russia - amadziwika ndi kulekerera kwa chilala chokwanira komanso osati nyengo yozizira kwambiri yozizira: dera lokula ndilo Central Russia;
   • peyala ya peyala - chitsa cholonjeza kuchokera ku madera a mapiri a Caucasus ndi Central Asia;
   • Peyala ya ku Caucasus - limakula pamtunda wa mamita 1,000 ndi theka pamwamba pa nyanja; zothandiza pakuzala ndi cultivars za zipatso zokolola;
   • Ussuri pear - Kum'maŵa kwakumidzi kumakhala ndi msinkhu waukulu kwambiri wa hardiness wachisanu (mpaka -50 ° C);
   • peyala yokongoletsa - zowonongeka zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wamba;
   • kayoni peyala - mapeyala a kumadzulo kwa Pamir ali ndi zipatso zamitundu iwiri yokha, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali pakatha masabata awiri atakalamba pansi, pokhala prikopannymi;
   • Peyala wa ku China - Chikhalidwe chakummawa, chodziwika ndi kulemera; Mtengo wosasunthika umakhala ndi zipatso zowawa.

   

2. Maluwa okongola - mtengo (kuchokera mamita 5 kufika 25 mamita), mitundu 5000 imakhala ndi nthawi yokolola - August-Oktoba.

   Mitundu yamakono ndi cider imapita ku mafakitale, ndipo mchere umabweretsedwa pa tebulo la ogula.

Chithunzi

Cholowa Chachibadwa

Zosiyanasiyana "Svarog" zinapangidwa ndi kudutsa, zosiyana yovuta hardiness, Ussuri pear ndi "Bere Bosc" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachi French kucha.

Chimene chinapatsa makolo mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa:

• kuchokera ku Bere Bosk zosiyanasiyana - Kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhanambo ndi matenda ena a fungal, kukongola kwa zipatso zamtengo wapatali ndi kukoma kwawo kwachilendo; kukolola kukula pakukula mbewu; Kusamalidwa kwa nthaka yokhala ndi ulimi wothirira okwanira;
• kuchokera ku Ussuri peyala - kuthekera kwa kusinthika pakuchita chisankho; chisamaliro chopanda chisanu; kulekerera chilala; Kusalongosola mozama ku nthaka.

Zoonadi, zipatso za zokongoletserazi ndi zosasangalatsa kwa kukoma ndi zazing'ono, ndipo ayenera kuyembekezera zaka 20 mutabzala.

Tsatanetsatane mitundu Svarog

Kuyambira mu 1996, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Svarog yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu Register Register monga tikulimbikitsira kulima m'madera Western ndi Eastern Siberia, dera la Volga-Vyatka.

M'madera awa, mitundu yambiri ya peyala ili bwino: Hera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Elena ndi Vernaya.

Ichi ndi chomera chokwanira chamaluwa chokhala ndi korona wokongola kwambiri komanso makhalidwe otsatirawa:

• thunthu Mtengo uli ndi imvi-bulauni, makungwa a flaky pang'ono, ndi nthambi zopanga mafupa;
• wamng'ono akuwombera chophimbidwa ndi mdima wandiweyani, wofiira-bulauni, ndi malire pamapeto; mphukira ndi yokhotakhota mu arc;
• impso mapeyala a mitundu iwiri: yopanga (kumene maluwa amapangidwira) ndi vegetative (chifukwa choyika masamba); woyamba - wamkulu ndi wozungulira, wachiwiri - wakuthwa ndi wamng'ono;
• masamba mawonekedwe okongola a elliptical ndi nsonga yopotoka; zobiriwira, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zokhala ndi makwinya a makwinya ndi makomo owala; kumapeto kwa nyengo yosamba;

• Maluwa ali osadziletsa, ali ndi ovary ndi opanda anthers; kukula kwapakati, 5 pambali, maluwa atasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera inflorescences;

Nkofunikira: Pakuti kupota kwa mitunduyi kuli kolimbika pafupi ndi mapeyala omwe anabzala "Akumbidwa" ndi "Zaka 100". Popanda kupalasa pa mtengo wa peyala, zipatso zingapo zikhoza kuwonekera, koma ziwoneka zopanda chilema ndipo sizidzapereka mbewu.

• zipatso zopitirira 80 magalamu ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, khungu lopanda kuwala, nthawi ya ukalamba - utoto ndi kunyezimira kosalala pambali; maselo amadzimadzi amadziwoneka pansi pa khungu ngati mawonekedwe a greenish; Mbewu zazikulu zamdima zimatsekedwa mu maselo otsekedwa; tsinde lalifupi;
• yowutsa madzi ofewa a mtundu wa kirimu; Zizindikiro zalawa zimatsimikiziridwa Mfundo 4; zolemba shuga ndi ascorbic asidi amaimira mofanana - 9.5%;
• chipatso cha zosiyanasiyana chimabwera pa chaka chachinayi; ndondomekoyi ndi yowonjezereka, mpukutu wa zipatso ndizochepa;
• kucha kucha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October;
• zokolola zambiri kuchokera ku mtengo wa ana a Altai - 19 kg;
• Kupewa matenda a fungal mkulu;
• winter hardiness - wapadera.

Kukoma kwa mapeyala a zosiyanasiyanazi kumadalira ulamuliro wa kutentha: M'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala zokoma, mvula - zatsopano komanso madzi.

Mapeyala akhoza kudzitamandira ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: Cosmic, Marble, Karataevskaya, Kupava ndi Krasulia.

Kupsa kwathunthu kumawonetseredwa mu kukhetsa zipatso. Kukolola asanakhetsedwe, mapeyala amakhala ndi malo ochepetsera moyo.

Onerani kanema pa pepala la Svarog.

Zipatso ntchito

Mu chomera ichi chomera zonse zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa munthu:

• zipatso - kumalo osungirako zakudya ndi kumalongeza (marmalade, candy, zipatso zowonongeka, timadziti, vinyo, cider, kvass, etc.);
• masamba - popewera ndi kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana;
• nkhuni - Muzipangidwe za mipando, kupanga mafano ndi mawonekedwe, kumaliza magalimoto, kuwonetsera mitengo yamtengo wapatali;
• chomera chokha - kumalo okongola komanso kulimbikitsa mchenga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi

Svarog peyala zosiyanasiyana - agrotechnical kufotokoza:

1. Pofuna kubzala bwino mapeyala, kusankha malo ndikofunika kwambiri: otentha kwambiri ndi otetezedwa m'munda. Mungathe kulima chomera ndi chitsamba, pamtunda - a trellis, pafupi ndi khoma - palimodzi palmette. Nthawi yabwino yobzala peyala ndi autumn.
2. Kusankha mbande, ndi bwino kupereka zofuna za iwo omwe mizu yawo imakhala yowopsya, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mbewuyo ikukula mofulumira. Musanadzalemo, chotsani mizu yowonongeka ndikuyikamo mumsankhulidwe wochokera ku nthaka.
3. Mu dzenje lokololedwa limapangidwa kuchokera kutsanulira nthaka, yomwe mizu ya mmera imayendetsedwa. Yendani mumtsinje wothandizira, kumene mtengo wa mtengo udzasungidwira.
4. Mzere wa mizu uyenera kutsalira pamwamba pa nthaka (6 cm).
5. Mizu ikugona ndipo mwachikondi imaphwanya. Pangani dzenje lomwe lili ndi masentimita 40, mumadzi amatsanulira (4-5 ndowa), kuwonjezera humus ndi potsiriza - mulch ndi peat. Patapita milungu iwiri, kuthirira kungabwerezedwe.
6. Kudulira kwachitidwa pofuna kukhala aukhondo (nthambi zouma ndi zowonongeka), pofuna kupanga korona ndi kupatulira.
7. Manyowa chaka ndi chaka organic ndi phosphorus-potaziyamu mankhwala.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

1. Kuyambira nsabwe za m'masamba masamba wamba. Amathandiza yankho "Karbofos" kapena "Rovikura."
2. Kuchokera ku kachilomboka kofiira - zolawa zambiri pipekiller. Chifukwa cha kugona kwake, amapotoza masamba pa mphukira zazing'ono. Polimbana, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba kumakhudza, ndikupopera mankhwala ndi Nitrofen yankho (3%).
3. Bacteriosis. Kugonjetsedwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumafalikira kupyolera mu dongosolo la mtengo, kutenga masamba, nthambi, ndipo potsiriza, thunthu lonselo. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo tipewe nthambi zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kuteteza kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kudulira mitengo kumachitidwa ndi chida chophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo kudula kumatenthedwa. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwathunthu kwa chomera, njira yokhayo yotulukira ndiyo kuchotsa.

Mitundu ya peyala ya kumpoto nthawi zonse imakhala yachilendo m'munda wanu.

Ndipo kupezeka kwazomweku kunali kosatheka chifukwa cha ntchito yopitiliza ya obereketsa komanso amalima a Altai.