Palma Raffia kapena Madagascar Palm - mbewu ya kanjedza.
Zachilengedwe malo Mtundu uwu - chilumba cha Madagascar (chomwe adalandira dzina lachiwiri), gombe la Africa.
Anaperekanso mwapadera kuti aberekedwe ku Central ndi South America (makamaka malo ozungulira mtsinje wa Amazon). Zimakula makamaka pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena mathithi.
Kufotokozera
Rafia pakati pa mitengo yonse ya kanjedza siimatalika, imatha kufika mamita pafupifupi 15.
Khalani ndi raffia thunthu lolimbazomwe zimapereka mtundu wa chomera ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
Raffia ndi chomera cha monocot.
Masamba a Cirrus akukwera kuchokera pamwamba pa mtengo wake, amakhala mamita atatu m'lifupi, ndipo kutalika kumatha kufika pafupifupi mamita 17-19. Mu mitundu ina mpaka mamita 25. Mbali imeneyi, masamba amaonedwa kuti ndiatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amawoneka pafupipafupi pachaka.
Pansi pa pepala limodzi lamvula mvula imatha kubisala anthu pafupifupi 20.
Masamba a mitengo ya kanjedza iyi adatchula mitsempha yayikulu yamkati, yomwe imadutsa mu petiole. Ili ndizowonjezereka pamalo pomwe tsamba limamatirira ku thunthu.
Mitengo yamitengo imakhala ndi thunthu limodzi, koma palinso mitundu yambiri yamitundumitundu.
Raffia amawerengera mpaka mitundu 20 yosiyana, izi ndizo zikuluzikulu:
- Textile R. textilis - ili ndi fiber yapadera;
- Royal - cholembera, amasiya mamita 25;
- Vinyo - kuchokera ku inflorescences amapeza shuga;
- Madagascar;
- Mukonosnaya R. Farinifera - wolemera mu wowuma.
Mbali ina ya chomera ndikuti ndi chomera cha monocarpic - ndiko kuti, zipatso kamodzi kokha m'moyo. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi maluwa ndi kucha zipatso kamodzi kokha m'moyo, kenako amafa. Maluwa amatha pafupifupi pafupifupi chaka.
Mu mitundu ina ya raffia, tsinde lokha ndi masamba limatha, ndipo mizu imakhalabe ndi moyo, kenako imapereka mphukira zatsopano ndikupitirizabe kukhalapo.
Mtengo wamtundu umakula msinkhu ali ndi zaka 50.
Inflorescences lalikulu kwambiri, amakula kufika mamita asanu m'lifupi, ndipo amaphatikizapo maluwa a pistillate ndi staminate.
Zipatso mawonekedwe a mazira a kanjedza, ophatikizana, ophimbidwa ndi timatabwa tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga ta terracotta.
Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za wogulitsa mbiriyo ndi kutalika kwa masamba.
Chisamaliro
Dziko la Madagascar lili ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri pafupifupi 25.
Chinyezi chokwanira ndi kubereka kwa nthaka kumapanga mwayi waukulu wa kukula ndi kukula kwa mitundu yonse ya mitengo ya kanjedza.
Raffia Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera.
Nthawi zina masamba apansi amafota ndi kufa, koma izi ndi mbali ya kanjedza.
Zothandiza ndi ntchito
Masamba ndi zokhala ali ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimatchedwa raffia ndi piassawa, zakuda kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maburashi, mabasiketi ndi zipewa, komanso kupanga zipangizo zamakono ndi mmera wopangira zovala.
Zovuta Chomerachi chili ndi wowuma kwambiri, ufa umachokera kwa iwo. Ndipo masambawa amadzazidwa ndi zinthu zofanana ndi sera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makandulo, nsalu zamasewera, nsalu ya nsapato, komanso ndondomeko yabwino yopota.
Kuchokera pa vinyo wa raffia poyesa inflorescences kapena kupopera kwa thunthu lake, madzi a shuga amapezeka, kumene vinyo amapangidwa. Msuzi uli ndi shuga pafupifupi 5%. Mtedza umodzi pa tsiku umabala pafupifupi 6 malita a madzi awa.
Za zipatso Pezani batala.
Masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a ku Congo kuti apange zovala muzolowera, ndipo m'madera ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zamatabwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda akuluwa ndi a chithokomiro ndi thrips. Mavitaminiwa amawononga masamba ndi tsinde la mbewu, mawanga amaonekera ndipo masamba amafa.
Shchitovka amasiya mawanga ofiira pamasamba, amatha kuwatsitsa.
Kangaude mite kuchoka intaneti pa thunthu, ndipo masamba amakhala opusa komanso opanda moyo.
Mealybugs kutsogolo kwa kanjedza yamtengo.
Zilonda za kanjedza zofiira, mosiyana ndi zinyama zina, zimakhudza mutu wa thunthu, kudyetsa ndi kuika mazira.
Kutsiliza
Mosakayikira, Raffia palm ya ku Madagascar ndi chomera chochepa, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri, chosasangalatsa.
Msuzi wa shuga amapangidwa kuchokera ku inflorescences popanga vinyo, zingwe, zipewa, maburashi ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala kuchokera ku tsinde. Ndipo chifukwa cha kutalika kwa masamba ake, walandira mbiri ya dziko.
