M'nyengo ya chilimwe m'minda ina mungaone chomera chosaoneka ngati chimanga - ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri ndi fungo labwino. Msampha wamtengo uwu - Brugmancia, mlendo wochokera ku South America. Brugmansia ndi yokongoletsera kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale alimi a novice amatha kulima ndi kusamalira kunja. Vuto lalikulu lomwe likukumanapo pakukula chomera ichi chakumwera ndikumvetsetsa kwazizira ndi chisanu. Choncho, Brugmansia nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chomera cha poppy: chimatha m'nyengo yozizira kunja, komanso m'nyengo yozizira - mumphati.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera pa kukongola ndi fungo, Brugmancia ali ndi "gulu" lonse la katundu: ilo lingayambitse ziwonongeko, kukhala ndi antispasmodic ndi kupweteka kwambiri, kuthandizidwa ndi mphumu ndi kutupa. M'dziko lakwawo ku Andean, Brugmancia amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pazinthu zachipembedzo ndi zosangalatsa. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewuzo m'magulu osiyanasiyana: masamba ake akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu fodya, amasuta zosakaniza za mbewu ndi fodya, amawathira tiyi pamasamba ndi maluwa, amaumirira mbewu pa vinyo, amafinyidwa madzi, amawongolera masamba osakaniza, masamba otsala, masamba ena atsopano. .
Brugmansia: Kufotokozera kwa Botaniki
Brugmansia (Brugmansia) amapanga mtundu wosiyana ndipo ali wa banja la Solanaceae. Poyamba, ankadziwika kuti ndi Datura. Brugmansia amalemekezedwa ndi S. Y. Brugmans, katswiri wa zomera m'zaka za m'ma XYIII kuchokera ku Leiden (Holland). Mitengo yosatha ya mtengo, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba akuluakulu, aakulu (kuyambira 15 mpaka 50 cm m'litali, 25 cm masentimita) maluwa ophweka, awiri, awiri ozungulira mlengalenga (mngelo wa tube ndilo dzina lachiwiri limene duwa limalandira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ).
Kujambula - woyera, pinki, pichesi, wachikasu, lalanje. Pa chomera chimodzi akhoza kukula mazana maluwa. Maluwa amodzi amamasula kuchokera kwa mmodzi kapena awiri kapena masiku atatu. Fungo la maluwa limakula madzulo komanso makamaka usiku. Maluwa amapitirira kuyambira July mpaka December.
Zonse zilipo mitundu 6:
- golidi (B. aurea) - mu chilengedwe akhoza kufika mamita 6 m'litali, amasiyanitsa ndi maluwa okongola a chikasu, otsika masamba;
- zonunkhira (B. suaveolens) - wotchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwake mofulumira (masentimita 3-7 pa tsiku), maluwa onunkhira a mtundu woyera ndi mitsempha yobiriwira;
- chipale chofewa (B. candida) - chikuwoneka ngati mtengo wawung'ono, uli ndi masamba a velvet ndi maluwa oyera (nthawizina ndi apricot ndi yellow shades);
- magazi (B. sanguinea) - omwe sagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira kwa Brugmans, akhoza kufika mamita 12 m, maluwa ndi ofunika lalanje ndi malire ofiira;
- variegated (B. versicolor) - ali ndi maluwa akutali kwambiri m'kati mwake (mpaka 50 cm) mu mtundu wa kirimu.
Kwa kubzala m'minda ndi malo obiriwira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa, yosiyana ndi maluwa ndi masamba, mawonekedwe awo, kukula kwake (Apricot Queen, Miss Rhianna, Variegata, Wow Verde, Fandango, etc.).
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka kwa Brugmans
Brugmancia amafunika kuganizira kwambiri za moyo wa chilengedwe, ndiye kulima ndi kusamalira sikungayesetse. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wa Brugmansia ndi zazitentha komanso zachilengedwe, kuwala kochepa, ndi chinyezi. Mphamvu ya kutentha yabwino kwambiri pa kukula kwa brumancia sifupika kuposa +23 ° C m'chilimwe ndipo +8 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu sichimakonda mphepo ndipo ikuwopa mphepo yamphamvu (maluwa akulu ndi masamba akulu amapanga windage ndi nthambi zingathe kuswa mphepo zamphamvu).
Kuunikira kwa brugmansia
Brugmansia ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri, chimamveka bwino kwambiri mu kuwala kwa dzuwa, choncho kumalo okwera kwa brugmansii kuyenera kuyamwa bwino (pang'onopang'ono - kukhala mthunzi pang'ono). Mu mthunzi, Brugmansia yatsala pang'ono kuphuka;
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?
Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino cha Brugmancia, nthaka yosalekerera, yosasamala ndi yachonde ikufunika. Pamalo mungathe kukonzekera malo otsetsereka - kuti mutenge nthaka yosakaniza ya loam, humus (gawo limodzi) ndi peat (magawo awiri). Musanabzala, chitsime chosakanizidwa chosakanizidwa chingathe kutsanulidwa ndi mankhwala a manganese a pinous (pinki).
Kubeleka kwa Brugm: momwe angabzalidwe chomera
Brugmansia imafalitsidwa ndi mbeu (mbeu) ndi zomera (zowonongeka ndi mpweya).
Njira ya Mbewu
Brugmancia kuchokera ku mbewu samabereka mosavuta, kupatula kubzala ndi kudzikongoletsa kumafuna khama kusiyana ndi njira zina zoberekera. Mbewu siimatsimikiziridwa (mbeu imatha masiku khumi, masiku makumi asanu, sizingamere). Chomera chotengedwa mwanjira imeneyi chikhoza kokha pachimake chaka chamawa. Chosavuta china ndi chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu wosakanizidwa panthawi yofalitsa mbewu siidasungidwe. Choncho, njirayi si yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Kufesa anthu a ku Brugman kawirikawiri ankachita kuyambira kuyambira mu January mpaka March.
Kufesa ndondomekoyi:
- Kukonzekera mbewu (zilowerere tsiku limodzi mu zofukula zopatsa mphamvu kapena zowamba malaya ndi mpeni);
- Gwiritsani pansi kuya 10 mm, moisten, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo ndi kusunga kutentha kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 ° C;
- Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, chotsani filimuyo, phulani mphukira mpaka tsamba lachisanu liwonekere, kenaka musamuke mu chidebe chosiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Brugmansia ndi chomera chakupha. Ziwalo zake zonse zili ndi scopolamine, atropine ndi zina zina zoopsa (poizoni zingayambitse kutsekula m'mimba, kutaya chidziwitso, kukhumudwa, etc.). Chomerachi ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa ana omwe angathe kulawa maluwa okongola. Dulani chomeracho chikhale m'magolovesi kuti madzi asagwe pa khungu la manja.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa kuchulukitsa mbewu kwa wamaluwa ambiri amasangalatsidwa ndi funso la momwe angafalitsire cuttings a Brugmansii. Kudula ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yoperekera chomera ichi, chifukwa chimatsimikizira zotsatira zowonjezera komanso zabwino. Ndizotheka kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito cuttings chaka chonse, koma zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti izi zikhale masika (pamene kuyamwa kumayambira) ndi m'dzinja (asanayambe chisanu).
Mukudziwa? Brugmansii ndi dope amakhala ndi makolo amodzi ndipo amakhala a banja limodzi. Karl Linney mu 1753 anaphatikiza iwo kukhala gulu limodzi. Mu 1973, T. Lockwood anapanga zinthu zosiyana. M'zaka za m'ma 1980 Msonkhano wa American Breeders wasonkhanitsa Brugmans ndi dope kachiwiri. Zina mwazosiyana: Datura - chaka, herbaceous chomera (mpaka mamita 1.5 mamita), maluwawo amayang'ana mmwamba, bokosi la mbewu limadzazidwa ndi minga, ngati mtengo wamasitomala, kukula kwake ndi kochepa (maluwa amawoneka ndi masamba 3-4). Brugmansia - osatha, shrub chomera, nthambi zowonongeka, maluwa akuyang'ana pansi, mabokosi a mbewu omwe amawombera, mazira, ndi nthawi yayitali.
Musanayambe kukula kwa Brugmansia kuchokera ku cuttings, muyenera kusankha ndi kukonzekera. Lignified pachaka apical mphukira ndi Mphukira (15-25 cm) ndi abwino kwambiri. Mphukira yowonjezera ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma maluwa a mbewu yaying'ono idzachitika chaka ndi theka kenako. Kudula cuttings, muyenera kuwamasula ku masamba. Pambuyo pake, tizidulo timayikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi ofunda otentha (nthawi zambiri makala omangidwa amaikidwa). Kuti muzuke bwino, ndi bwino kusunga chidebe pamalo otentha. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a Kalus (madontho oyera pa tsinde) akhoza kuikidwa m'mitsuko ndi nthaka ndikukhala otentha komanso owala.
Kukula Brugmansia ndi maonekedwe a mpweya
Brugmansia amalola kubereka osati kokha ndi tizidulidwe ndi mbewu, komanso ndi mpweya wouma. Chifukwa cha tsatanetsatane iyi (pafupi ndi) lignified pachaka mphukira. Mdulidwewu umathandizidwa ndi mizu yopanga stimulator ("Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", etc.), atakulungidwa ndi sphagnum, wothira ndi wokutidwa ndi filimu. Sphagnum ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pambuyo masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi atatu, fufuzani kukhalapo kwa mizu ya mpweya. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe awo, mphukira ikhoza kudulidwa, kuchotsani masamba ndi mizu muchitsime ndi nthaka yobiriwira.
Mmene mungakulire Brugmansia: zinsinsi za chisamaliro
Kwa Brugmansiya nthawi zonse maluwa, creeper imafuna osati kubzala zokha, komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Pachifukwachi muyenera kudziwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo angapo - momwe mungamweretse, kudyetsa, kudula.
Mukudziwa? Pamene Brugmansia ikufalikira, fungo labwino (makamaka usiku) lingakhudze munthu mosiyana (chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mutu, kukhumudwa, maloto olakwika, etc.). Mtundu uliwonse wa Brugmansia umamveka mosiyana (imperceptible - ku Sanguinea, wamphamvu kwambiri - ku Suaveolens). Aroma ndi chinthu pakati pa fungo la lily, jasmine, musk, timbewu timbewu, mandimu ndi hayacinth. Sikoyenera kuti tiike Brugmansia m'chipinda cham'chipinda, malo osungirako zipinda komanso zipinda zogona.
Brugmansia: kuthirira
Brugmancia sichisangalatsa kwambiri ulimi wothirira, koma ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti:
- M'nyengo yozizira yotentha, madzi ayenera kukhala ochuluka (chizindikiro cha kuthirira ndi zouma pamwamba pa nthaka). Madzulo, chomera chachikulu chingathe kutsukidwa (pamene Brugmansia ili pachimake, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sakugwa maluwa). Mitengo yachinyamata imafuna kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse;
- M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira n'kofunika malinga ndi nyengo yozizira. M'chipinda chofunda ndi chowala mungathe kusunga nyengo ya chilimwe ya ulimi wothirira, sitsutsani zomera zomwe ziri pafupi ndi batiri kapena kutentha. Mu chipinda chozizira - kuchepetsa madzi okwanira (kuti dziko lisamaume, komanso kuti masamba asatayike elasticity).
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo pa imfa ya mtsogoleri wa Katsik, Amwenye a Chibcha-Muiska ku Andes anadabwa ndi madzi a akazi a Brugmansia ndi akapolo a womwalirayo ndipo anawaika amoyo ndi thupi la mtsogoleri. Amuna amphamvu a mtundu wa Jivaro, asanamenyane ndi asilikali, adzipanga kuchokera ku chomera ichi kuti apeze mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima. Ku Colombia, zigawenga zowirira masamba owuma zimaphatikizidwa mwachinsinsi kwa alendo kuti amwe kuti azichita zachiwawa (kuba, kugwirira).
Kudyetsa a Brugmans
Brugmansia ali ndi chilakolako chabwino. Ndikofunika kuti muzidyetsa nthawi zonse ndi zovuta feteleza. Brugmansia samakana zamoyo - yankho la mullein (chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi chimodzi kapena khumi). Kudyetsa koyamba kwa a Brugmans kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, Brugmansia amadyetsedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri onse asanu ndi awiri (7-10) ndi feteleza wambiri. Pachiyambi cha maluwa, phosphorous ndi feteleza ali ndi feteleza. Mukakhala otentha m'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi. Mu nyengo yozizira, kukonzanso kumasiya.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mikwingwirima yachikasu, streaks, dashes kapena specks za mithunzi yosiyana imapezeka pamagulu a Brugmancia, chomeracho chiyenera kuwonjezeka mwamsanga ndi feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Muyeneranso kudyetsa kamodzi pa mwezi pamene mukukula ndi magnesium sulphate (1 tbsp pa lita imodzi ya madzi).
Momwe mungadulire a Brugmans
Brugmansia safuna kudulira mwapadera, koma kusamalira chomera ndi kufalitsa kwa cuttings kumatanthawuza njira zothandizira nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, kudulira kumathandiza kuti maluwa a Brugmancia apitirire bwino. Nthawi yabwino yochotsa zowonongeka ndi zakufa zimachokera mu February mpaka pakati pa March. Chitsamba chachikulu sichitha kudulidwa, koma chotsatira. Lamulo lotsatira siliyenera kudula mphukira zooneka ngati Y, komanso kusunga nthambi zazing'ono zazing'ono kumbali yapamwamba ya korona (mungathe kuchotsa malingaliro awo ndi 1/3), maluwa amapangidwa pa iwo.
Mbali za kusamalira Brugmancia m'nyengo yozizira
Pakatikatikatikati, Brugmancia sangathe kutentha pamtunda. Pamene kutentha kwagwa kugwera pamtunda wa 5-7 ° C, ichi ndi chizindikiro choti musamuke ku "nyumba yachisanu". Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasunge Brugmans m'nyengo yozizira. Kusankha kumadalira ngati mukufuna kupereka chomera mtendere kapena mukufuna kuwonjezera nthawi ya maluwa mpaka January ndi utali:
- Kuti azitulutsa maluwa, Brugmancia ayenera kuikidwa m'chipinda chofunda, chowala, kusunga chitsanzo cha chisanu. Kuwonjezera kuyatsa fitolampa (kuwala tsiku m'nyengo yozizira ndi lalifupi);
- kwa nthawi ya nyengo yachisanu - kupeza chipinda chozizira, kuluma kamodzi pa mwezi, kumwa madzi ochepa komanso kupereka zowonjezera;
- Kupuma - kuziyika m'chipinda chakuda chakuda (ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 5 mpaka 8 Celsius). Brugmansia adzakhetsa masamba, kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira (isanafike nthawi yobzala pamalo otseguka) muyenera kuwutumiza ku chipinda chowala ndi chotentha, chifukwa masamba atsopano adzayamba kudzuka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa mtendere kwa Brugmansia, kumbukirani kuti kutentha kwapakati pa 12-15 digiri Celsius kudzachititsa chomera "kudzuka". Ngati mukufuna kupitiliza maluwa - kuunikira kokwanira kudzachititsa kukula ndi kutambasula kwa mphukira. Malangizo kuti awononge Brugmancia momwe zingathere m'nyengo yozizira ndipo kuchoka mpaka masika mu chipinda chakuda ndi zolakwika. Zidzasokoneza chomeracho ndikukuletsani maluwa oyenera.
Pamene "kusamukira" kumalo osungirako nyengo, ndi koyenera kufufuza mosamala Brugmancia (ndi clod ya dziko). Mizu yachitsulo ikhoza kuikidwa mu chidebe chofunikila, ikhoza kuikidwa pa filimu, imachotsedwa ndi tepi ndikupita ku malo ozizira (lembani voids, muyenera kuisunga). M'chaka cha Brugmansiya chidzayamba kulima poyera. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutsogolo kwabwino, ndibwino kuti musamuke chomera msangamsanga, ndi kugwa ndi chidebecho. Kwa kuyendetsa kwa zakudya ndi madzi mu mabowo a chidebe amapangidwa.
Zirombo zazikulu ndi matenda a ku Brugmans
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kunyumba), nsabwe za m'masamba, whiteflies, slugs ndi mbozi (ngakhale kuti zili poizoni, amadya masamba ndi maluwa). Zizindikiro zazikulu zowononga tizilombo ndizowononga masamba ndi maluwa, masamba ogwa. Njira zothandizira anthu pa nkhaniyi sizichita zochepa. 
Kuchokera ku tizirombo moyenera kupopera mankhwala okonzekera ("Aktellik", "Fiofarm", "Bzalani Kutulutsa", "Agravertin", "Bio Tizilombo"). Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kumbali zina za masamba ndi internodes. Mankhwala awiri kapena atatu pa sabata nthawi zambiri amatha kuchotsa tizirombo. Maluwa a Garden Brugmansia nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomera zimaphatikizapo njira zothandizira: Musati mubzale mbewu zina pafupi nawo, m'nyengo yozizira, mlengalenga mu malo omwe Brugmansia amapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Florists amalimbikitsa kuti, chifukwa cha prophylaxis, kamodzi pa nyengo imatsanulira mowirikiza kuthirira bwalo la thunthu ndi yankho la hydrated laimu (1 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi). 
Pa matendawa, Brugmancia amadwala kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa imvi. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochuluka. Ndikofunika kusiya kuthirira (pafupi sabata) kuti dothi liume, mphukira zakukhudzidwazo zichotsedwe. Chithandizo cha chomera chodwala ndi Topaz chimatithandiza kwambiri ndi matendawa.
