Mitundu yakale ya peyala yachitsulo kumbuyo kwako - Peyala ya pulasitiki

Mapeyala osiyanasiyana Tsamba lakuda ali ndi mitundu ingapo. Pogwiritsa ntchitoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu.

Ili ndi kayendedwe kabwino. Pitirizanibe ku mitengo ndi malo osungirako mapeyala. Ali zabwino lokoma kukoma.

Kulongosola kwina kwa peyala zosiyanasiyana Duchess, malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira, zithunzi za zipatso za mitundu yonse ya zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?

Ndizosiyana zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito yaikulu. Ili ndi thupi lopweteka, lamadzi, lopweteka kwambiri. Pa mlingo wa 5-point, Mbalameyi yavotera peyala ya duchess ndi mapepala 4.8.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu mankhwala - ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala a chifuwa. Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mapeyala a mitundu iyi ali hypoallergenic katundu.

Kusuntha kukonda ana ndi akulu, perekani madzi kuchokera kwa iwo ngakhale makanda. Ma mapeyala otsika, ndiwo maziko a zakudya zamkati. Ali ndi mavitamini ndi minerals ambiri.

Peyala ya pulasitiki yagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri:

• Angouleme wosokera.
• Akuphwanya Moscow zakutchire.
• Duchessuke Moscow munda.
• Duchess ya Zima.
• Duchess ya Chilimwe.

Kawirikawiri, oyambitsa wamaluwa amatha kusokoneza mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala ndikuganiza, mwachitsanzo, kuti pali Bere Duchesse osiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chinyengo chachikulu, Bere ndi Duchess - mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mapeyala!

• Tsamba la Dzira la Angeyala ndi otsika kwambiri. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku Caucasus ndi Crimea. Ndizosiyana mitundu yololera. Fruiting kuchokera pa 70 mpaka 150 kilograms kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi.

  Panthawi ya fruiting ikhoza kulowa mofulumira. Mapeyala ndi aakulu kwambiri, olemera kufika 1 kilogalamu imodzi. Mu mawonekedwe - osasunthika. Nthawi yokolola imafika kumayambiriro kwa August.

  Zipatso mu mitengo zikhoza kupitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali - mpaka November. Kuyamikira kukongola, fungo labwino la zipatso ndi wosakhwima kukoma.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ingadzitamandeni ndi kukongola ndi kukoma: Fairytale, Red-side, Krasulia, Lada ndi Pet Yakovleva.

• Duchess yakutchire ku Moscow imakula kumatalika kuposa mamita 20.

  Ili ndi masamba ovala, ozungulira, ochepa kwambiri. Maluwa amatha kufika masentimita 3.5, oyera ndi mtundu wofiira wa pinki.

  Maluwa amapezeka mu May. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zipatso zikumera pafupi kugwa.

  Mapeyala a kukula kwazing'ono - kuchokera 150 gmm, makulidwe apakati - mpaka magalamu 400. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi kuchotsa makilogalamu 100 mpaka 250.

  Moyo wa Moscow Duchess ndi zaka 80. Bwerezani zokolola - zaka ziwiri. Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu.

  Peyala imakula Duchess yaku Moscow ku Moscow, ku Caucasus, mbali ya Ulaya ya Russian Federation, Central Asia.

• Munda wa Duchess wa Moscow kutalika kufika mamita 30. Ndi a m'banja la Rosaceae. Lili ndi maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi ziŵerengero zazikulu zamagetsi.

  Mapeyala akuluakulu, opitirira magalamu 800. Mtundu uli wofiira ndi utoto wonyezimira. Chipatso chopatulika 16%.

  Ndi kusungirako nthawi yaitali pa tchire, zipatso sizikutaya kukoma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mawonekedwe owuma. Khalani ndi ntchito yowonjezereka mu zopangidwe zamakono.

• Pear Duchess Winter adachokera ku Belgium. Amakula kwambiri ku Uzbekistan, Crimea ndi North Caucasus. Zosankha za nyengo ndi nthaka.

  Zipatso bwino pa dothi la feteleza. Amakonda malo omwe amatetezedwa ku nyengo ndi mphepo zamphamvu.

• Mitengo yambiri ya mapeyala Mitundu yakale yamatchire ndi zipatso zochedwa. Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizosabala ndipo zimasowa mungu.

  Mayina ena a zosiyanasiyana awa amadziwika: Williams chilimwe, Williams, Williams Bon-Chretien.

  Malingana ndi kufalikira kwa Crimea, peyala ya Duchess Summer imatenga malo atatu pambuyo pa Bere Bosk ndi Bere Ardanpon, m'munsimu mudzawona chithunzi cha zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa makhalidwe.

Mitengo ya chilimwe imaphatikizansopo: Carmen, Ilyinka, Cosmic, Limonka ndi Victoria.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Mitengo ya peyala ya Dyushes D'Angulem, Mzinda wa Moscow ndi Msika wa Moscow kukula m'dera la Russia.

Amakonda kwambiri anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zilipo kucha msanga popanda mavuto ambiri komanso zokolola zazikulu.

Zipatso zili zokoma, zokoma ndi khungu lofewa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu a nyumba.

Duchess ya peyala yotanthauziridwa kuti "Duchess" - duchesse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalimbikitsidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa ntchito ku England - Wheeler. Wofalitsa wa Duchess akuwoneka ngati Williams. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa zosiyana kumagwa 1796

Kufotokozera kwina kwa Duchess zosiyanasiyana, ndemanga za wamaluwa, ndondomeko za kubzala ndi chithunzi cha chipatso chimene mudzawona chomwe peyala iyi ikuwoneka.

Tsatanetsatane mitundu Duchess

Kufotokozera za zipatso ndi mitengo

• Pear Duchess Winter mtengo wamtengo, korona m'lifupi lalikulu mu mawonekedwe a piramidi, ya kukula kwakukulu. Amakafika pamwamba, koma amakula nthawi yaitali. Masamba a emerald a mawonekedwe apakati opanga mawonekedwe.

  Mitundu ya pollination imayenera bwino: yozizira "Bere Ardanpon", French "Williams".

  Zipatso zingathe kumangidwa ndi magulu kapena kukula kamodzi. Nthawi imene nthambi zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Peyala Duchess pear Zithunzi zozizira, zofiira 800 magalamuonani zithunzi zowonjezera. Zabwino zolekerera. Mbali ya chipatso ndi yosalala.

  Peel ndi maluwa okongola, okoma, osakanikirana.

  Mwa ndi mtundu wa amber wofiira kapena safironi wachikasu mthunzi. Kumbali ili ndi kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa. Nyama imakhala yoyera, imasungunuka, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri.

  Ali kukoma kokoma ndi kuchepa pang'ono. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi za zipatso kapena kukonzedwa - kupanga chopanikizana, marmalade, vinyo. Mitundu yambiri ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale zowonjezera.

• Summer Peuche Duchess (Williams) kufotokozera maonekedwe - zipatso pa nthambi zimatha kugwira kwa nthawi yaitali, zimakhala zolimba kwambiri pamunsi pa tsinde. Onse amangirika zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu. Mu kulemera kwafika pa magalamu 80 mpaka 180.

  Maonekedwewo ndi aakulu, ali ndi mutu wamkati ndi wovuta. Khungu la chipatso ndi lochepa thupi, mtunduwo ndi wowala kwambiri. Ndikumaliza kusasitsa mandimu chikasu ndi zosaoneka bwino.

  Zipatso za chipatsocho ndi granulated, ndi juicing yabwino, mtundu wa kirimu. Sakani vinyo-okoma, zokometsera pang'ono, ndi kukoma kwa nutmeg. Ali ndi shuga wabwino kwambiri, ali ndi kukoma kodabwitsa.

  Mapeyala angadye mwatsopano kapena kusinthidwa. Jams, compotes, zipatso zowonongeka, phokoso amapangidwa kuchokera ku Dush. Mapeyala owuma amakhala ndi kukoma kodabwitsa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga muesli.

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro

Pambuyo ikamatera pa rootstocks mphamvu kukula Duchess ya Zima nthawi ya fruiting imalowa zaka 7 kapena 8 zokha.

Pa quince, mitengo ya zipatso imayamba kubereka zipatso kwa zaka 4 kapena zisanu mutabzala.

Zotsatira zodabwitsa zimasonyeza tchire zomwe zinkalumikizidwa pa zokongoletsera zazitsamba zakuya.

Duchess yozizira ingakhalepo chifukwa cha kukula msinkhu. Zotuta zachotsedwa mu October masamba ake onse atagwa.

Kutulutsa mapeyala amatha kufika miyezi iwiri - mpaka December.

Yambani kufika kukhwima m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za mwezi wa October. Zipatso Pitirizani mpaka May miyezi ya chaka chamawa.

Kusungidwa bwino mu firiji. Avereji zipatso zipatso kuchokera 80 mpaka 150 kilograms kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wa zipatso.

Amafotokoza mbewu zosagonjetsedwa. Malo oti abzala mbande ayenera kutetezedwa ku nyengo yamphepo ndikukhala ndi nthaka yabwino.

Frost kukana ndizosiyana mitundu: Kumbukirani Yakovlev, Cathedral, Karataevskaya, Noyabrskaya ndi Nika.

Mtengo wa Chilimwe Chokongola ndi wolimba. Zabwino madzulo kumadera ovuta. Ili ndi mawonekedwe aakulu a pyramidal. Crohn Duchesse ali ndi masamba. Mawanga ndi mitengo yamtengo wamtengo ndi yosalala bwino.

Mphukira, imakhala yayikulu. Mukhale ndi malingaliro ambiri a mandimu. Masambawo ndi owala, ofewa.

Maonekedwe a ozungulira ozungulira akuthwa, kukula kwakukulu. Masamba akhoza kupangidwa mofanana ndi "boti".

Maluwawa amatha kuchoka pamphepete mwa mphukira. Mu mawonekedwe, iwo amatsindika, mwachidule.

Maluwa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa nyengo. Fruiting imapezeka zaka 6 kapena 7 zobzala.

Nyengo yotchedwa Peuche Duchess Chilimwe ndi chachabechabechabei.e. zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna zowonjezera mungu.

Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yopanga mungu chifukwa cha mtengo uwu ndi mitundu: Chiwombankhanga "Chosangalatsa Clapp", zakutchire kapena munda "Forest Beauty", "Bere Ardanpon".

Maluwa a kukolola kwa chilimwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi mabwenzi okwana 6 kapena 7 zidutswa. Mtengo wamaluwa umatanthawuzira mochedwa, m'kupita kwa nthawi ndi njira yayitali.

Maluwa amatha kulekerera kutentha kwambiri ndi nyengo zosayenera.

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zokolola zabwino. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wa zipatso akhoza kusonkhanitsa kuchokera pa 230 mpaka 250 kilograms.

Kukolola kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa August. Zipatso zosungiramo zipatso zimatha kufika kuyambira masiku asanu kufika pa sabata limodzi.

Ngati mapeyala achotsedwa pamtengo pasadakhale, chipatsocho chingathe masiku 14. Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti kwa nthawi yaitali kusungirako khungu sikuyenera kukhala mapangidwe a yellowness - chipatso chiyenera kukhala pansi, pang'ono. Mu nyumba yosungira ya peyala Zipatso zimakhalabe mpaka masiku 45.

Zotentha ndi Zima za Chilimwe - zofanana ndi zosiyana:

• Kuphuka kwa mapira a nyerere yotchedwa Winter Duchess yotsatiridwa ndi kukolola, kumapezeka mu October. Kusambira kwa Chilimwe - mu August.
• Zimazimiza Zima mapeyala ndi mawonekedwe a mbiya, kufika pa magalamu 800. Zipatso za Chilimwe Zimasuntha kukula kwapakati. Kulemera kwake kumafika pa magalamu 80 mpaka 180. Maonekedwewo ndi aakulu, ali ndi mutu wamkati ndi wovuta.
• Duchess yozizira ili ndi pepala lokhala ndi phokoso lamaluwa, losalala, m'malo mwake. Khungu la Summer Lyshes ndi lochepa kwambiri, ndi fungo lokoma la uchi.
• Mu nyumba yosungiramo mapeyala, zipatso za mitundu yonse ikusungidwa kwa masiku 45.
• Mitundu yonseyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kusunga timadzi timadzi timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timayambira.
• Mtengo wachisanu wa Kutaya ndi nthambi, ndi korona waukulu mu mawonekedwe a piramidi, ya kukula kwakukulu. Mtengo wa Chilimwe Chokongola ndi wolimba. Nyengo zabwino m'madera ovuta. Ili ndi mawonekedwe aakulu a pyramidal.
• Nthaŵi yoyendetsera nyengo ya Zima ndi Chilimwe Duchesse si yosiyana. Mitundu yonse iwiri idabzalidwa zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa April.
• Monga feteleza, nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira idzachitika m'dzinja isanafike kutentha kwagwa ndipo mvula imagwa.
• Mitundu iwiriyi imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Mukhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, sucker. Zilonda za nkhanambo zing'onozing'ono.
• Nthano ya mitundu yonse ya Dushes imakonda kudya. Kuchokera kwa iwo, mtengowo uyenera kumangidwa ndi mpanda wawung'ono.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Nthawi yabwino yodzala cuttings ya Zima ndi Chilimwe Nkhonya ndi Zaka makumi awiri za April.

Chomera chiyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe mitengo.

Kukula kwakukulu kosavomerezeka kwa mbeu, izi zimabweretsa imfa.

Mukamabzala, phokoso liyenera kukhala loposa mita imodzi, m'lifupi - 70 masentimita.

ZOCHITA. Zaletsedwa kuika manyowa atsopano mu dzenje. Amayambitsa kupweteka koopsa pa rhizomes ya mitengo ya zipatso.

Nthaka yakuda imatsanuliridwa kumalo otsika pamene nthaka siimere. Dzikoli limapindulidwa ndi kamangidwe kakang'ono ka peti kompositi (zida ziwiri kapena zitatu pa phokoso limodzi). Pangani chisakanizo cha khonasi.

Kenaka pazigawenga mizu ya phesi. Mtengo udzafunikira kutsutsana ndi girder thandizo. Mtengo umathamangitsidwa pansi pa mtunda wokwanira ndipo thunthu la mmera limamangiriridwa mosamalitsa.

Mitengo ya garter iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwa mawonekedwe osapitirira kapena chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chitatu. Izi zimathandiza kupulumutsa chomeracho popanda chowonongeka.

Chofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha sapling ndikulumikizana. Ndibwino kuteteza dziko lapansi kuchokera ku nyengo komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Monga feteleza wa mulch kwa ntchito ya Duchesse namsongole, apamwamba kwambiri humus ndi udzu.

Mulching anachita m'dzinja asanatsike kutentha kwa madontho ndi mphepo.

Kudulira zomera ziyenera kupangidwa nthawi yachisanu.

Mu chaka chimodzi chokhazikika Ndikofunika kufupikitsa ndi zotsatira za 1/4 zamtundu wa impso, komanso tsinde lopakati. Izi zidzathandiza kuti mmerawo ukhale kukula komanso kumbali.

Patatha zaka ziwiri atabwera, mbali yapakati ya mtengo iyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 25. Kudulira nthambi zam'mbali kumapanga masentimita 5 mpaka 8.

Momwemonso, nthambi zazitali zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zam'mwamba - chimango chophwanyika chimapangidwa.

Kupulumutsa Kuthamanga kwa mphepo yamkuntho ndi chisanu cholemera, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi kofunikira kuti pogona. Pansi pa mtengo uli wokutidwa ndi nsalu ya thonje ndi tsamba latsopano.

Chitetezo chabwino ku mizu yozizira ndi chisanu. Chipale chofewa chimakhala chokwanira chozungulira kudula, komwe kumabweretsa kutentha kwachitsamba cha mbewu.

Kuthirira mitengo ziyenera kupangidwa musanafike ndi kumapeto kwa kasupe maluwa mu kuchuluka kwa zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu pa chaka chilichonse cha moyo. Komanso kuthirira kumodzi kumayenera kuchitidwa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za autumn.

Kudyetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali m'chaka choyamba cha moyo ndi chosafunika, chifukwa dzenje lakhala likukula bwino mutabzala. Ambiri a fetereza amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa. Mitengo imabweretsedwa pachaka.

Pa mita imodzi: kuchokera magalamu 20 mpaka 30 a potaziyamu chloride; kuchokera magalamu 20 mpaka 25 a superphosphate; kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 magalamu a saltpeter. Manyowa oyenera ayenera kuyankhidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Pa mita imodzi: kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 8 kilogalamu ya feteleza. Pakati pa mtengo wa chipatso anakumba mazenera ozungulira omwe amapanga feteleza. mpaka kuya masentimita 15 mpaka 20.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mu nyengo yamvula yozizira Mapeyala a Chilimwe ndi a Chilimwe a Duchess adakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambozomwe zinayambitsa kutaya zipatso za zipatso.

Zipatso zingasokonezeke, ndipo mnofu umakhala wopanda zonunkhira ndi wopanda pake.

Zipatso zokometsera mitengo zingagwe chifukwa cha kunenepa kwakukulu.

Kompusophe imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Zingakhale zovuta nsabwe za m'masamba, suckers. Ali ndi kulekerera kwa chilala chochepa komanso nyengo yozizira yolimba yozizira.

Zilonda za nkhanambo zing'onozing'ono. Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhanambo, m'pofunikira kukonza nyengo ya maluwa.

Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi theka la peresenti mkuwa oxykloride kulowetsedwa kapena limodzi la magawo limodzi bordeaux hexane.

Zowola zimakhudza masamba akulimbikitsidwa kutenthedwa pamoto. Masamba amenewa amachitidwa kuti ndiwo magwero aakulu a maonekedwe a matendawa. Pakati pa mtengo nthaka imachizidwa ndi "Nitrafen" (0,3%).

Nkhonozi zimagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo: Wopambana Efimova, Otradnenskaya, Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya, Skorospelka kuchokera ku Michurinsk ndi Yanvarskaya.

Chitetezo ku chisokonezo Ayenera kuchitidwa musanayambe kuphuka mitengo pamphuno.

Zokwanira kwambiri "Oleokuprit" kapena "Karbofos", Kutha mu 10 malita a madzi pa 90 magalamu. Chotsani mphutsi chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mitengo yokhwima amafunika kutetezedwa ku nyama. Kora Akuwongolera mu chikondi kukondwerera. Kuchokera kwa iwo, mtengowo uyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi mpanda wawung'ono, komanso malo enieniwo atsekedwa ndi alendo osakondedwa a m'nkhalango ndi nyumba kapena mpanda.

Kutsiliza Mitengo ya mapeyala Duchess ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi vitamini zovuta komanso zofunika kwambiri. Chipatsocho chimakhala chokoma, chowongolera, mnofu wokhala ndi zotsekemera.

Mitengo imabereka zipatso bwino. Kupulumuka kwakukulu kumalo ochepa a minda kapena m'minda yamapiri. Zomera zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Khalani ndi zokolola zochuluka m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Penyani kanema ponena za chodzala peyala ya peyala.

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