Chubushnik ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino kapena chitsamba chochokera ku banja la Hortensian. Dziko lakwawo ndi North America, Europe ndi East Asia. Nthawi zambiri m'minda, m'mapaki, mockwort amakula ngati jasmine, akukhulupirira kuti ndiye chomaliza chomwe chimamera pamalowo. Inde, maluwa onunkhira a maluwa awiriwa osiyana kwambiri ndi ofanana. Chubushnik idatchedwa dzina chifukwa imapanga mapaipi osuta - chubuki - kuchokera ku nthambi zake. Nthenga zokongola yokutidwa ndi mtambo wonunkhira bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Kusamalira iwo si kolemetsa, chifukwa chake mockwort amapezeka m'minda yambiri yaminda.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Chubushnik ndiwosatha komanso yofalikira yosinthika imafalikira kumtunda kwa 0,5-3 m. Mapulawo amakutidwa ndi khungwa losalala, lomwe limang'ambika pang'ono. Imapaka utoto wonimira. M'munsi mwa nthambiyo limakhazikika ndikukula, koma mphukira yambiri imakhalabe yochepa kwambiri komanso yosinthika. Zotsatira zake, chitsamba chimafanana ndi kasupe wamkulu wamadzi.
Pa nthambi zing'onozing'ono, moyang'anizana ndi masamba a petiole a ovoid, mawonekedwe owundana kapena otalika amakula. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 5-7. Mtundu wosalala wowoneka bwino wamtambo wobiriwira wamtambo wokutidwa ndimitsempha yayitali.
Kuyambira Meyi-Juni, chitsamba choseketsa chimasungunuka ma inflemcose amtundu wa malekezero kumapeto kwa mphukira zazing'ono komanso m'makomedwe am masamba. Mu burashi imodzi, mumakhala masamba 3-9. Maluwa a mawonekedwe osavuta kapena awiriawiri m'mimba mwake ndi 25-60 mm. Mitundu yawo ya petals ndi utoto yoyera kapena yoyera. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu kwambiri, lotsekemera la jasmine. Mitundu ina imanunkhiza ngati sitiroberi kapena zipatso. Zojambulidwa pamiyala yosanja kwambiri ndi chikwanje chimodzi.
Fungo la Heady limakopa tizilombo tambiri. Pambuyo povundukula, mabokosi ambewu okhala ndi zisa 3-5 okhwima. Zili ndi njere zazing'ono kwambiri, ngati fumbi. Mu 1 g ya mbeu pali magawo pafupifupi 8000.
Mitundu yamwano
Mu mtundu wa Chubushnik pali mitundu yoposa 60 yazomera. Ena a iwo:
Chubushnik coronet. Chitsamba chophukira mpaka 3 m chimamera ku Southern Europe ndi Asia Minor. Imakhala ndi mphukira zosinthika zokutidwa ndi masamba ofiira kapena ofiira. Masamba obiriwira amakula mosiyana ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mbali yakumtunda yamasamba a petiole ndi yosalala, ndipo kuchokera pansi motsatira mitsempha pamakhala kuperewera kwapafupipafupi. Maluwa a Kirimu okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5cs amatengedwa m'mabichi otayirira kumapeto kwa tsinde. Amachita maluwa kumapeto kwa Meyi ndikumaphuka pafupifupi milungu itatu. Zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -25 ° C. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Aureus - chitsamba chooneka ngati mpira 2-3 mamita okwera kwambiri yokutidwa ndi masamba owala achikasu, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasintha obiriwira nthawi yotentha;
- Variegata - masamba owoneka bwino ambiri a shrub amapaka utoto wobiriwira wakuda ndikuwunjikana ndi chingwe chosalinganika kirimu;
- Innosense - chitsamba chophulika mpaka 2 m wamtali wamaluwa pang'ono, koma maluwa amatulutsa ndi mawonekedwe a marble.
Chubushnik wamba. Shrub ndi nthambi zokhwima zomwe zimamera mpaka 3 m kutalika. Imakutidwa ndi masamba osalaza osakwana mpaka 8 cm. Mabisiketi otayirira m'mbali mwa mphukira amakhala ndi maluwa osavuta oyera-kirimu mpaka 3 cm.
Chipongwe cha Lemoine. Gulu la haibridi, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 40 ya lalanje. Onsewa amakhala ndi fungo lokoma kwambiri. Zomera zimakhala tating'ono tating'ono mpaka 3m kutalika. M'chilimwe, maluwa onunkhira kwambiri amaphuka mpaka masentimita 4.
- Chubushnik bicolor - chitsamba chosachedwa kufalikira mpaka 2 m, chimaphuka maluwa akulu akulu m'mizere ya masamba.
- Namwali - mphukira zosinthika zimapanga chitsamba chokhwima 2-3 m. Oval amasala pafupifupi masentimita 7 ndi m'mphepete mwake amakula. Masamba opaka utoto wobiriwira wakuda. Mu Julayi, maluwa awiri, omwe alibe fungo, amatulutsa mainchesi 5, omwe amatulutsidwa mu burashi 14 cm.
- Terry marshmallow - Zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kumapeto kwa June, zimamasula maluwa akulu awiri.
- Chovala cha Ermine - mbewu 80-100 masentimita okwera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu awiri, omwe ma petals omwe amapezeka mu tiers zingapo.
- Bel Etoile - undersized (mpaka 80 cm) shrub nthawi yamaluwa kutalika konse kwa mphukira imakutidwa ndi maluwa akulu awiri.
- Snowbel - chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira lokwera mpaka 1.5m kumapeto kwa June chimamasula maluwa otentha omwe amawoneka ngati mabelu;
- Mont Blanc - maluwa ang'onoang'ono owerengeka awiri omwe amakhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita atatu pachimake pachimake mpaka 1 mita mkati mwa Juni.
Woseka ndi wosakanizidwa. Pansi pa dzina ili, zolengedwa za obereketsa osiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa. Izi ndi mitundu yokongoletsera ndi ma hybrids a intraspecific. Zosangalatsa kwambiri:
- Kuwala kwa mwezi - chomera chifupi kufikira 70 masentimita okwera amakhala ndi mphukira zofiirira wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira owerengeka komanso maluwa otsekemera onunkhira;
- Ngale - shrub yotsika yokhala ndi zitsamba zofiirira komanso maluwa awiri okhala ndi miyala yoyera ya ngale, yomwe imafikira mainchesi 6.5 cm;
- Chubushnik Shneysturm - chitsamba mpaka 3 m kukwera ndi misozi yolira imayambira kumayambiriro kwa June ndi inflrycence zazikulu;
- Majori - chitsamba chamadzi chofikira mpaka 1.5 m chotalika ndi mphukira zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, ndipo kumapeto kwa June chimakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, onunkhira kwambiri;
- Minnesota Snowflake - chitsamba chocheperako chachitali pafupifupi mamita 2 kutalika kwambiri m'maluwa yaying'ono iwiri;
- Elbrus - chitsamba chotalika pafupifupi 1.5 m maluwa otuwa oyera, opanda fungo labwino.
Kubzala mbewu
Chubushnik zimaswana bwino mwanjira iliyonse. Mukamakula mbewu kuchokera ku nthangala, zinthu zatsopano za mbewu (zosapitirira chaka chimodzi) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Miyezi iwiri isanafesedwe, mbewu zosakanizidwa ndi mchenga zimayikidwa mufiriji. M'mwezi wa Marichi, patadulidwa matendawa, amafesedwa mumiyala ndi dothi lamtundu, humus, mchenga ndi peat. Nthaka imathiridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndikuwathandizira. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, mbande zimatuluka. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, pomwe masamba enieni amakula, mbande zimadumphira m'madzi. M'mwezi wa Meyi, nyengo yotentha, mbande zimatengedwa kunja kuti ziume. Muikeni pamalo otetezeka. Pamapeto pa Meyi, amafika pamtunda.
Kudula wamaluwa monga kwambiri, chifukwa ndi njira yabwino komanso yabwino yofalitsira. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, muyenera kudula mphukira zazing'ono ndi chidendene cha kutalika kwa 10 cm.Dulidwe lakumunsi la tsinde limayendetsedwa ndi Kornevin ndikubzala m'bokosi lophatikizika ndi dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga wotalika 5 mm. Kudula kumakutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikusungidwa mumsewu. Ayenera kutsanulidwa pafupipafupi. Pakatha milungu iwiri yokha, mmera uliwonse udzakhala ndi mizu.
Chubushnik imaberekanso bwino ndi ma air air kapena basal mphukira. Tchifu tambiri titha kugawidwa. Kuti muchite izi, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbewuzo zimakumbidwa kwathunthu ndikudulidwa muzipikika. Ndi mitundu yayitali, kufalitsa kotero kungafune kuchita khama lalikulu. Ndikofunika kumaliza ntchito yonse yamasika yophukira isanayambe.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira nthabwala
Poganizira za nthawi yobzala malalanje onyentchera, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuti ikamatera imatha masamba asanatseguke. Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kumuika mu theka loyambilira ya nyundo. Malo owala bwino, malo otseguka amasankhidwa chifukwa cha mtengowo, chifukwa mumithunzi maluwa amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo Kukula kumachepera.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi ndi acidity yandale. Amakumba lapansi pakadutsa masabata 1-2, amapanga mchenga, dothi lamtundu ndi humus. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu payekha zimatengera mitundu ndi cholinga. Mukabzala, kuti mumange mpanda, mtunda ndi 50-70 masentimita. Tchire lomwe limamera, lalitali lifunika mpaka 1.5 m malo opanda ufulu.
Dzenje lokumbakumba limakumbidwa mpaka mainchesi 60. Limbani dothi lomwe limatsanuliridwa pansi ndikuzama mpaka 15 cm. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhazikika pamwamba pa dothi kapena osati lakuya kwambiri kuposa masentimita 2-3 pansi. Mutabzala, dothi limapendekeka ndikuthilira madzi ambiri. Kusamaliranso anthu ochita chipongwe si kolemetsa.
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mvula yachilengedwe ndipo zimangokhala pachilala chochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri tchire limathiriridwa ndi zidebe ziwiri zamadzi kamodzi pa sabata. Bwalo lozungulira nthawi ndi nthawi limamasula ndipo namsongole limachotsedwa. Feteleza organic umayikidwa mu April, itatha thaw. Maluwa asanafike maluwa, mockwort amaphatikizidwanso madzi ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous.
Kuchepetsa kunyoza kumachitika m'njira zingapo. Chapakatikati, oundana, nthambi zowuma zimachotsedwa. Komanso, masamba asanatsegule, korona amapangika. Mitengo yakale imawononga kudulira kwa kukalamba. Zimayambira kudula kotheratu, ndikusiya kutalika kwake kotalika masentimita 5 zokha. Kukula kosafunikira ndi mphukira zosafunikira mkati mwa chitsamba zimachotsedwa.
Chubushnik amalimbana ndi matenda a chomera. Nthawi yomweyo, kangaude wa nthata, weevil ndi nyemba za aphid amathanso kulilimbana nayo. Chithandizo cha mankhwala atizilombo titha kuchitidwa mchaka ngati prophylaxis komanso tiziromboti tikapezeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Mitengo yayitali yamanyazi ikuluikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga, kupanga malire ndi pafupi ndi makhoma a nyumba. Pamaluwa, tchire timapangika timapira tating'ono, onunkhira. Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono ndiyabwino malo owoneka bwino, mapiri a mapiri ndi magombe a matupi amadzi. Ma Cascade okwera kwambiri amakhala malo abwino kwambiri azomera zamaluwa. Ma Hydrangeas, spireas, ndi weigels amawoneka bwino pafupi nawo. M'dzinja, masamba amapeza mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa chikasu, womwe umakopa anthu odutsa.
