Maluwa amenewa ali ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa motley amatha kukongoletsa munda uliwonse wa maluwa, nyumba ya paki kapena chilimwe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maonekedwe onse, kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake, ndi fungo lokoma komanso nthawi yaitali maluwa. Kulankhula - za dahlias: zomera zosatha za herbaceous ku banja la Asteraceae (Aster). Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 40. Kumtchire, maluwa amenewa amapezeka ku Mexico ndi Guatemala. Mu chikhalidwe chogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi mitundu 15,000. Pa zovuta za kukula kwa dahlias panja, werengani pansipa.
Perennial Dahlia
Dahlia ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 250 ndi mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imakhala ngati tubers. Kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa a chomera ndi osiyana kwambiri. Zitha kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 3 mpaka 35.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe awo, pali mitundu 10:
- chophweka;
- nymphs;
- masabata-succinic;
- chithandizo;
- pompon;
- choyimira;
- kukongoletsera;
- peony;
- kolala;
- anemonovid.
Masamba a duwa amasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe - amatha kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wakuda.
Perennial dahlia maluwa amadziwika ndi yaitali maluwa nyengo, yomwe imakhala kuyambira July mpaka November, molondola mpaka woyamba chisanu. Panthawiyi, amasangalala ndi eni ake komanso anthu odutsawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - palibe mitundu yokhayo yokhala ndi buluu ndi buluu.
Ngakhale udakongola kwambiri, mbewuyo ndi yopanda ulemu. Kawirikawiri zimabzalidwa motseguka pansi pa flowerbeds, zochepetsera nyimbo, mixborders, komabe mitundu ina ndi yabwino kukula mu miphika. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rabatkah.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la dahlia linatchulidwa dzina lake Johananna Georgi wotchuka kwambiri wojambula zithunzi wa ku Russia mu 1803. Dzina lachilatini lotchedwa Dahlia limatengera dzina la botanist kuchokera ku Sweden Andreas Dahl mu 1791.
Mavuto akukula
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dahlias azikhala bwino ndi:
- kusankha malo malinga ndi zofunikira za mbewu;
- kupereka zofunika zolemba nthaka;
- kuthirira;
- kuchitidwa moyenera bwino;
- zochitika popanga chitsamba.
Kuunikira
Momwemonso, dahlias amatha kukula mosavuta. Chinthu chokhacho ndi chakuti m'madera amdima omwe sangakhale okongoletsera komanso kuchepetsa nthawi ya maluwa - maluwawo amakula pang'ono ndi amchere. Zokongola kwambiri ndi zomera zomwe zimakula mumthunzi wochepa. Ngati palibe malo oterewa, ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka, dzuwa, koma otetezedwa ku mphepo.
Mavuto a nyengo
Popeza dziko lawo la dahlias zakutchire ndi mayiko ofunda, chomera ndicho thermophilic. Izi ziyenera kubzalidwa pamene palibe mantha a masika a masika, kumalo okwera bwino.
Ndi chifukwa cha chikondi cha kutentha kuti m'nyengo yozizira nthaka yonse ya mbewuyo imatha, koma ndi tuber yomwe imayenera kukumbidwa ndi kusungidwa mpaka masika akhalebe amoyo.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula kwa dahlia pachaka.
Makhalidwe a nthaka
Malinga ndi dothi, dahlias amakhalanso odzikuza - kukula kwa aliyenseKomabe, chokongoletsera chabwino chikuwonetsedwa mukakula mu nthaka yakuda, loam ndi mchenga loam.
Ngati dziko lili lolimba, acidity iyenera kuchepetsedwa mwa kuwonjezera laimu, ufa wa dolomite, phulusa. Imodzi mwa njira izi imwazikana pa tsamba, ndikuphatikizapo nthaka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika nthawi zonse kugwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo tubers. 
Pamaso pa nthaka yamchere ayenera kukhala acidified pogwiritsa ntchito peat.
Mu nthaka yolemera, nkofunika kuwonjezera chisakanizo chokhala ndi tsamba humus, peat ndi mchenga. Kotero inu mukhoza kukwaniritsa mpweya waukulu permeability.
Chofunikira ndi madzi abwino. Amagwiritsa ntchito dothi kapena zidutswa zomangidwa.
Pakuti kubzala dahlias sikudzakhala malo abwino komanso malo ozungulira. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwabzala m'madera otsika.
Mbali za kubzala dahlias osatha
Kubzala dahlias, muyenera kugula zokolola. Zosungirako ndi mbewu, mizu, cuttings, mbande. Zabwino kwambiri posankha kukhala pa tubers ndi mbewu. Gwiritsani ntchito yoyamba kupanga movutikira mosavuta komanso mofulumira.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji tubers yoyenera kubzala
Posankha osatha dahlia tubers, m'pofunika, choyamba, kumvetsetsa khalidwe lawo ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zofunika kuti mutenge bwino ndikusamalira: masentimita 2-3 masentimita, tsinde lachiberekero ndi masamba, 1-3 magazi. Zonsezi zimayenera kukhala bwino pamutu ndipo palibe vutoli. 
Tubers ayenera kusankhidwa zotanuka, wathanzi akuyang'ana - osati wouma, osati wouma, wopanda zowola, mawanga.
Ngati zidazo zidagulidwa nthawi yayitali asanayambe kubzala, ndiye kuti amafunika kupulumutsidwa mofanana ndi nthawi yozizira. Mukhoza kuwerenga za yosungirako bwino pansipa.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Musanabzala dahlias, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kumera tubers pambuyo yozizira kapena ngati atagulidwa, konzekerani kuti mubzalidwe poyera. Chitani izo mukusowa April-May. Mizu youma imachotsedwa kwa iwo.
Kenaka anabzala m'mitsuko yodzaza ndi michere ya michere kapena peat. Mitundu ya tubers imalowa mkati mwa nthaka - pafupifupi masentimita 2-3 ayenera kukhala pamwamba. Makataniwa amaikidwa m'chipinda chowala ndipo amasiyapo masiku 10-14 kutentha kwa 18-22 ° C. Panthawiyi ayenera kuonekera. Kenaka tubers imagawidwa ndi mpeni kuti gawo lirilonse likhale ndi impso ndi mizu ya mizu. Mmodzi wa tuber nthawi zambiri amapereka magawo asanu.
Mbali zimabweretsedwa ku zitsulo ndi gawo la kumera. Asanabzalidwe pamalo otseguka, m'pofunikira kuchotsa mbali ya masentimita 10. Kubzala pamalo otseguka kumapangidwa pambuyo pa mphukira kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 10-15.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali zina za tubers zikhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, koma pakadali pano dahlias idzachepetse maluwa.
Malamulo obwera
M'zitsime zomwe zikukonzekera kudzala tubers, ndi zofunika kuti mubweretse manyowa pang'ono (kompositi), laimu ndi phulusa. Chofunika kwambiri chakuthupi chiyenera kukonzedwa ndi dothi kuti zisawotchedwe ku tubers.
Gowo liyenera kukhala kuya kwa bayonet. Kenaka pansi pa maenje mwachikondi kuyala tubers ndi owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mzere wa mizu sukhoza kuzikika mwamphamvu - izi zikudzala ndi zovunda.
Mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndi kuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuphatikizira, kuphatikizapo kutimasula kuti tisapitirire kupalira komanso kutulutsa njira, zimateteza zomera ku tizirombo monga slugs.
Kusamalira maluwa m'munda
Kusamalira dahlias n'kosavuta. Icho chimangokhala mkati zochita zitatu:
- kuthirira;
- chovala;
- kupangira shrub.
Ngati mukulakwitsa pa zamakono zamakono, muyenera kuyesedwa ndi matenda kapena tizilombo towononga: tizilombo tokoma, nsabwe za m'masamba, zinyama, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nsikidzi, slugs.
Ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, dahlias amafunika kudzala ndi magawano. Apo ayi maluwa awo adzagwa chaka chilichonse.
Momwe mungamwetse zomera
Nthaka pansi pa chomera iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Mutabzala, kwa masiku 7-10, dahlias amathiridwa madzi. tsiku ndi tsiku. M'tsogolomu, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza - kuchulukitsa kawiri pa sabata. Kuthira mopitirira muyeso kumadzaza ndi kuvuta kwa tuber ndi kusalolera kulekerera nthawi yozizira.
Nthaŵi zonse ulimi wothirira uyenera kuphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwa phesi la phesi. 
Zomera zitakula pang'ono, pambuyo pa kuthirira, mapiri awo ayenera kuchitidwa ndi masentimita 15. Mitundu yaitali iyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo chokhazikika, popeza chopanda kanthu chimayambira pakati pang'onopang'ono pakagwa mphepo. Koma ngakhale ndi tsinde losweka, chomeracho chingapulumutsidwe mwachangu ndikuchimangiriza ndi kuthandizira kutsika mu mawonekedwe a ndodo kapena nthambi.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Ulaya, dahlias anabweretsedwa mu 1789. Poyamba, anthu a ku Spain ankafuna kudya tuber monga mbatata. Komabe, atalawa kuti iwo anali opanda pake, iwo anaganiza kuti aziwabzala zokha zokongoletsera, ndipo mfumu inalamula kuti abzalidwe kokha m'munda wamfumu.
Kudyetsa Dahlia
Pofuna kukwaniritsa nsonga zapamwamba kwambiri za zokongoletsera ndi nthawi ya dahlias maluwa ayenera kukhala ndi umuna. milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ndi bwino kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wamchere ndi organic.
Pa maonekedwe a oyambirira masamba, potashi feteleza ndi superphosphate zimayambira maluwa. Dahlias samasowa zowonjezera mavitamini.
Njira yomaliza ya feteleza iyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Apo ayi, tubers adzakhala zoipa wintering.
Mbali za mapangidwe a chitsamba
Mapangidwe a chitsamba ndi kuswa nthawi zonse maluwa masamba ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ofananira nawo mphukira kuchokera pansi wamtali zomera. Ngati mphukira siimatha, idzaletsa kuoneka kwa masamba otsatirawa, choncho, idzachedwa kucheka.
N'zotheka kukwaniritsa zazikulu zazikulu, ndikusiya masamba atatu okha pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Mutangoyamba kubzala, ndi kusankha bwino kwa mphukira zazikulu, ndikofunikira kusankha awiri amphamvu, ndi kuchotsa zina. Choncho mungapewe kusewera kosafunikira.
Mbali ikuwombera kusanayambe mapangidwe a masamba. Mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa pamasamba awiri kuchokera pansi. Nsonga za mphukira kuchokera pazitsulo zazikulu zachinayi, kuchotsa mfundo yaikulu ya kukula.
Pambuyo pake kudetsedwa uku kumachitika kumbali kumachoka.
Tubers imaberekanso buttercups, tulips, gladioli, daffodils, freesia, callas, cannes.
Kukumba ndi kusunga m'nyengo yozizira
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa September (ndizotheka kenako, malinga ndi nyengo yomwe dahlias ikukula), pamene zimayambira, zimatha kuchotsedwa bwino m'nthaka ndi kuziyika nthawi yozizira kuti zidzayambanso kubzala m'chaka. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pamalo omwewo dahlias sayenera kubzalidwa kwa zaka zoposa zitatu mzere. Zimayambira zimadulidwa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Tizilombo timakumbidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Choyamba, iwo amakumbidwa mu mtunda wa masentimita 30 kuzungulira. Pofuna kukumba mmodzi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafoloko - ndi iwo omwe ali ndi tubers amakoka ndi kutulutsidwa pansi.
Kenaka amafunika kugwedeza, kutsuka nthaka ndi kuuma kwa maola 4-5 dzuwa kapena masiku awiri m'nyumba. Ndifunikanso kukweza tubers. Kwa njirayi, potaziyamu permanganate ndi yoyenera, kapena zipangizo monga "Kutalika", "Vitaron". Pambuyo kuvala, tubers amafunikanso kuti zouma.
Zouma bwino tubers ziyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba ndi kutentha. + 2-7 ° C mwina mu friji. Amaikidwa mu bokosi kapena thumba la pulasitiki ndi peat, utuchi, mchenga. Mukhozanso kukulunga pa kanema. 
Tizilombo tomwe timayenera kuwonetsera nthawi ndi kuwonongeka kuti zisawonongeke.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene tubers zimakula panthawi yosungirako, ayenera kuchotsedwa pamalo ozizira ndikubzala mu chidebe ndi dothi, mwachitsanzo, mu mphika wamba. Mphuno sayenera kuwonjezeka, pang'ono chabe kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi.
Mukamabzala dahlias okongola kwambiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu kumbali iliyonse yamunda wanu kapena kanyumba, mukhoza kupanga malo anu apadera. Iwo ali okongola kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi irises, peonies. Zosazolowereka zokhazikika pamtunda kumbuyo kwa udzu.
Powathandiza kuti akwaniritse kukula kwakukulu kwa inflorescences, mitundu yowala kwambiri ya pamtambo, kutalika kwake ndi kukhazikika kwa tsinde, kupeŵa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandiza bwino zipangizo zaulimi, zomwe ziri zophweka komanso zowoneka kwa anthu amene adayamba kubzala munda wamaluwa.
