Za zosiyanasiyana Saperavi Ndikhoza kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti uwu ndi mitundu yakale yamtundu wodziwika kwambiri lero.
Wokondedwa kwambiri ku dziko lakwawo, ku Georgia, monga mitundu yabwino kwambiri yopangira vinyo.
Lili ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso kukoma kokoma.
Kodi ndi mphesa yanji?
Saperavi - Maluwa ambiri a mphesa. Zabwino kwambiri popanga mchere wofiira ndi maolivi olimba, koma ndi kukula kokwanira kungadye mwatsopano.
Kukoma ndi khalidwe la vinyo zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera mwachindunji zimadalira malo okhala ndi mphesa.
Saperavi - Izi ndizosiyana siyana zakum'mwera, osati zolinga zamkati. Amakondanso bwino, koma osati nthaka yamchere, osachepera mchere ndi mandimu. Amakula bwino m'madera otentha.
Mwa mitundu ya vinyo, Rkatsiteli, Merlot ndi Tempranillo amadziwikanso kwambiri.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Saperavi ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri. Masamba ndi aakulu, ozungulira, obiriwira, a pubescent.
Kupsa kwa mpesa kuli bwino pafupi ndi kutalika kwake. Maluwa okwatirana, osasowa pollination yapadera.
Kadinali, Aladdin ndi Lily wa ku Valley amadziwika ndi maluwa awiri.
Gululo ndi laling'ono, losasunthika, laling'ono, koma lopanda kanthu, kulemera kwa 90-110 g.
Zipatsozi zimakhala zazikulu, zakuda bizinesi, zowonongeka, zowonjezera pang'ono, zolemera pafupifupi 4-6 magalamu, zowonjezera peyala. Pali 2-3 mbewu zazikulu mabulosi aliyense.
Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, kusungunula, ndi shuga wambiri ndi madzi a pinki wakuda wakuda. Khungu ndi loonda, koma limakhala lolimba.
Masamba a shuga amadziwikanso ndi Delight White, King Ruby ndi Kishmish 342.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za mphesa "Saperavi" pansipa:
Mbiri yobereka
Nthaŵi ya maonekedwe ake sadziwika ndithu.
Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi mayina angapo: Didi Saperavi, Dyer, Saperavi Kakhet. Zaperekedwa ku Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan ndi kumwera kwa Russia. Posachedwapa anayamba kukula mu Uzbekistan, mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi America.
Mwa kutenga nawo mbali, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yatsopano ya mphesa, mwachitsanzo, Saperavi KumpotoYapangidwa kuti ikule mu nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira.
Zizindikiro
Saperavi ndi ya mitundu yochedwa. Kuyambira maonekedwe a masamba kuti kucha zipatso kudutsa pafupi masiku 140-160. Kusiyana mkulu zokolola ndi pafupifupi nyengo hardiness. Amakhala ndi frosts osachepera kuposa 20С.
Diso la Bull, Finger Manicure ndi Regent imakhalanso ndi nthawi yakucha.
Kum'mwera kwa dera lokula, ndikokolola bwino. Amakula bwino pamtunda wosalala, wosasunthika, wokhala ndi madzi abwino. Ma saperavi amatha kukhala pa mpesa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya kukoma kwake.
Vinyo wochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana amayamba kusintha ndi ukalamba. Vinyo waung'ono ali ndi luso lakuthwa komanso losangalatsa, koma patapita zaka 4-10 za ukalamba zimasintha kwambiri.
Kusamalira Saperavi kusamvetsetsa. Pamene kudulira, maso 40-50 ayenera kutsalira pa chitsamba kapena 9-10 maso pa mphukira. Chokolola chachikulu chimapezeka kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu, chomera chazaka 10-15.
Pakati pa kudzichepetsa mitundu akhoza kusiyanitsa Aleshenkin dar, Osangalala Muscat ndi Giovanni.
Zosiyanasiyana Saperavi ndi yosasunthika ku matenda ena a fungal, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambidwa ndi tizirombo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri Saperavi amadwala matenda a mildew, oidium ndi imvi. Sizitha kuukiridwa ndi wopanga pepala Ambiri tizilombo toopsa kwa Saperavi - mizu ndi tsamba phylloxera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosavuta kukula, poyenela kutetezera.
Mildew ndi bowa owopsa.kuonekera pa masamba ndi kuwombera mwa mawonekedwe a chikasu. Kuchita ndi matenda omwe akuwonekera kale si kophweka.
Ndibwino kuti tipewe kupezeka ndi kupuma ndi kupopera mbewu ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza musanafike maluwa, komanso nthawi yakucha. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, matenda osasangalatsawa angapewe.
Oidium amapatsira masamba, maluwa ndi mphesa, ndipo amawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mdima wakuda ndi zosasangalatsa zonunkhira. Pofuna kusamalidwa ndi mbeu, ndikofunika kuti pakhale mpweya wokwanira wa chitsamba ndipo nthawi zonse muzichiza ndi mankhwala a sulfure.
Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo 4 pa chaka.
Ngati simukugwirizana ndi kupewa, simungathe kutaya zokolola, komanso munda wonse wamphesa.
Gray zowola nthawi zambiri amapezeka nyengo yotentha ndi chinyezi chakuda, ndipo zimawononga kwambiri mbewu. Masamba onse ndi zipatso zimakhudzidwa.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda - maonekedwe a fumbi loyera. Chipulumutso ku mliri uwu chidzakhala chachizolowezi kuchiza chitsamba ndi njira yothetsera potassium iodide kapena soda. Nthawi zambiri musamagwiritse ntchito zowonjezera mavitamini, simungalole kuti chitsamba ndi madzi akule.
Musanyalanyaze kupewa matenda wamba monga anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis ndi rubella.
Kwa Saperavi, owopsa kwambiri tizilombo ndi phylloxera. Mizu ya phylloxera imakhudza mizu ya zomera. Njira zothandizira kuthana nayo.
Njira yokhayo yopezera imfa ya munda wonse wamphesa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zowonongeka kusungulumwa kwaokha kwa zaka 3-4.
Leaf phylloxera sichisokoneza, koma mukhoza kulimbana nayo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za phylloxera zikuwonekera: mapangidwe a khalidwe lotupa pa underside tsamba ndi kupezeka kwazing'ono mphutsi.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuchotsa nthawi ya masamba owonongeka ndi mankhwala ndi fungicides kumathandiza.
Saperavi Kumpoto
Northern Saperavi - Maphunziro a Zamakono a Zavinyo, omwe adawonekera chifukwa chodutsa mitundu ya mphesa Saperavi ndi North. Zotsatira zake zimakhala ndipadera.
Mitundu yaying'ono imeneyi inali analandira mu 1947 Achifwamba ku Russia Ya I. I. Potapenko, E. Ndi Zakharova ndi I. P. Potapenko.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera kwa makolo osiyanasiyana ndikowonjezeka kwa chisanu kukana ndi kukaniza matenda. Northern Saperavi akhoza imani dontho la t ku -30C ndipo zoned m'madera ena a Ukraine ndi Russia.
Ikhoza kukula ngakhale kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yowawa, poyang'anira mosamala m'nyengo yozizira.
Maphunziro a Richelieu, Rusven ndi New Century ali ndi chisanu chabwino cha chisanu.
Shrub ndi yamkati wandiweyani, tsango ndi laling'ono, losasunthika, ndi zipatso zazing'ono zakuda. Zokolola ndizazitali ndipo zimakhazikika, kumapeto kwa September.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaletsa chilala ndipo imafuna kuti pakhale nthaka.
Ndi osakwanirira madzi okwanira kukhetsa zipatso.
Saperavi kumpoto sizingawonongeke ndi nkhungu ndi imvi, koma ndi osakhazikika ku oidium.
Mitundu ya phylloxera yowonongeka ndi tizirombo ta mphesa zambiri sizimakhudzidwa.
Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Saperavi ikhoza kukula pokhapokha nyengo yofunda komanso nyengo zina, ndiye kuti Northern Saperavi ndi yabwino kwa nyumba ya chilimwe m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia.
Saperavi ndi Saperavi Kumpoto - mitundu yodabwitsa, yomwe imapeza mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo madzi ndi vinyo.
