Kutchuka kwa tomato ndikokwera kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kulingalira kanyumba popanda iwo. Mitundu yambiri imasinthidwa kuti ikukula mosiyanasiyana. Izi zimayika okonda zachikhalidwe ndi funso - momwe angaikire zitsamba zonse m'malo ochepa.
Njira imodzi ndikukula mizu. Tiona kuti tanthauzo lake ndi lotani, ndilabwino motani, ndikufotokozera zabwino zake ndi zabwino zake.
Njira yoyambirira yokuira tomato - mizu
Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuti amene analemba lingaliroli ndi ndani. Amakhulupirira kuti asayansi achi Dutch ndi omwe adapanga zatsopano pa nthawi yaukadaulo waukadaulo wokulira msanga wa mbande. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, oyambitsa njira zachilendo anali alimi aku America.
Njira yosakhala yokhazikika idatengedwa ndi wamaluwa aku Russia amateur. Akatswiri amisiri amapanga nyumba zosanja zobiriwira komwe amaikamo zotchingira m'mphepete mwake.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira
Njira yolima phwetekere ya atypical idayesedwa ndi anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo. Kwa zaka zingapo, adalemba mndandanda wazidziwitso pazabwino zonse ndi zovuta zaukadaulo, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa kuti zomveka.
Ubwino wosasinthika ukuphatikizapo:
- Kututa zabwino m'minda yaying'ono. Kubzala mbewu kumakonzekeretsa mbewu zina. Nthawi zambiri mabedi a sitiroberi amagwiritsidwa ntchito - zipatso zakucha za zipatso sizikugwirizana.
- Kukhazikitsa dimba lopachika sikuli kokha mdziko muno. Khonde lanyumba, loggia, kutsegulira zenera - komanso malo oyenera. Mutha kukolola ngakhale chaka chonse.
- Gwiritsani ntchito malo aulere a greenhouse okhala ndi mbewu yabwino.
- Sungani nthawi ndi mphamvu pankhondo ndi namsongole, tizirombo, matenda. Palibenso chifukwa chodzikonzera tchire, chotsani mapiritsi ake - thunthu silimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa tomato. Chomera chokhacho chimasefukira, madzi akunjenjemera pansi.
- Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira mitundu yazomangira.
Nthawi zina okhala pachilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito zotengera kuti ziwoneke pamalowo. "Minda" ndi yamasewera, imatha kusunthidwa kuzungulira gawo, ndikupanga nyimbo zatsopano.
Choyipa cha njirayi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosankhidwa mwasankhidwe mosamala chifukwa phwetekere imamera m'malo ochepa. Zovuta zina - amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Zinsinsi za Tekinoloje
Chomera chabwino cha phwetekere chimasintha malinga ndi malamulo aumisiri. Ngakhale zambiri sizosiyana ndi zokhazikika, amapereka chidwi pazinthu zingapo.
Zosankha Zosiyanasiyana
Kusankha choyenera ndikofunikira. Ngakhale kwa zaka, mitundu yotsimikiziridwa ikakula mozungulira sizimapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa Tomato wokhala ndi mitengo yaying'ono, yonga ma lian, yomwe pamikhalidwe yokhazikika imafuna thandizo ndi garter.
Kukula kwa chipatso ndikofunikanso. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yaying'ono ya zipatso ndi chitumbuwa. Okhala ndi nthawi yotentha amalimbikitsa mitundu ndi ma hybrids otsatirawa:
- Ngale;
- Mlenje wofiyira;
- Wagner Mirabelle;
- Ampel F1;
- Gulu lakuda;
- Aromani;
- Arctic
- Chisatini
Kukonzekera kwamkati
Chofunikira ndi voliyumu yokwanira. Miphika 5, mabotolo apulasitiki, zidebe ndikulimbikitsidwa. Tomato wochepa kwambiri - chitumbuwa chotsika, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito muli atatu-lita.
Zofunikira zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito pazombo:
- Zida - pulasitiki yoyambira zakudya, zitsulo sizolandilidwa chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu.
- Kukhalapo kwa chivundikiro chomwe chimateteza ku kuyanika kwanyengo zisanachitike.
- Kukula kwa dzenje pansi ndi masentimita 3-5. Ndiosavuta kuchita nokha, mabotolo amangotembenuzidwa mozungulira, ndikudula pansi.
- Manja amayenera kupirira ndi 20 kg. Zotengera pansi pa madzi, mutha kuluka china chake ngati ukonde kuchokera kuzingwe.
Otsuka a chilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zokulira mbewu mozondoka, ogulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Dothi
Dothi limagulidwa kapena kukonzedwa lokha. Poyamba, chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza kwa phwetekere, komwe kumakhala kale ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pakukula ndi kubereka.
Gawo lokhala ndi michere yokha limakonzedwa kuchokera ku kompositi, peat ndi humus, zomwe zimatengedwa m'njira zambiri. Kusakaniza malita 10 a dothi kuwonjezera supuni ya superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate. Sakanizani bwino.
Mbande za Njira Yosinthira
Kufesa mbewu ndikukula mbande kumachitika molingana ndi njira yanthawi zonse. Labor imasinthidwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti palibe chifukwa chofotokozera mbande mwachangu. Otsatira a scruffy-twist njira amati zokongola zazitali ndizomwe zimapangitsa kukolola. Zochita zina zonse zimachitika molingana ndi malamulo achizolowezi.
Kubzala mbande
Mbeu zophukira ndizosavuta pamapiritsi a peat. Nthawi yodzala mbande kupita kumalo okhazikika imakhazikitsidwa ndi mizu: ikadzaza mbuluwiko, ikhoza kusamutsidwanso. Ngati ali m'mapiritsi, mphindi ino sangathe kuphonya.
Pali njira ziwiri zobzala mbande. Malinga ndi oyambayo, chidebe choyamba chimadzazidwa ndi msanganizo wa dothi, kenako chimatembenuzika ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zibzalidwe m'dzenje pansi. Mutha kusintha miphika pokhapokha tomato atayamba kukula.
Munjira yachiwiri, mphamvuzo zayimitsidwa kale. Wofesa mbewu amaikidulira mosamala dzenje pansi. Mizu yake imakhala mkati, tsinde lomwe lili ndi masamba kunja. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukula ndi 8-10 masentimita, ndiye kuti phwetekere imayendetsa bwino mundawo ndikuyamba maluwa.
Gawo lotsatira ndi wosanjikiza. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito moss-sphagnum, minofu yowonda yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi.
Gawo lachitatu ndikuzaza gawo lapansi pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, amaonetsetsa kuti mizu singatumphukire, osaphuka. Wosanjikiza mulching amafalikira mpaka pamwamba kuti asatenthe kwambiri chifukwa chinyontho. Nthawi yomweyo, izithandizira kuti nthaka isungidwe. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi zinthu za hydroponic.
Gawo lomaliza - zotsalazo zimapachikidwa m'malo abwino. Mtunda pakati pawo umasungidwa masentimita 15-20, kuti usasokoneze mpweya. Zojambula siziloledwa. Njira ndi yabwino kuyika osintha mabotolo m'mabotolo apulasitiki.
Amathandizira Tomato pansi
Za komwe ndi momwe mungapachikire muli ndi tchire la tomato muyenera kusamalira pasadakhale. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zomanga nyumba zamayiko zitha kukhala zothandizira miphika:
- Nthambi za mitengo yopatsa mthunzi pang'ono.
- Khoma, mipanda, komwe kulibe zida zamkokomo.
- Ma crossbeams adasinthira katundu wolemera, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa denga la gazebo, bwalo.
- Masitepe omwe athera zaka zawo, makwerero, okhazikika munthaka.
- Maluwa, maluwa, ma arc.
- Mabomba amatabwa okonzedwa mwapadera kapena mapaipi azitsulo omwe amayendetsedwa pansi.
- Kukongoletsa kapena kukongoletsa maluwa kumawoneka bwino kwambiri, koma izi ndizosangalatsa mtengo womwe siw aliyense sangakwanitse.
Kutalika kwa zotchingira kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mbewu zomwe zayimitsidwa zimathiridwe mosavuta osalowetsa chopondapo kapena chopondapo.
Kusamalira Munda
Mabedi atchero ndiosavuta kusamalira kuposa amtundu - palibe udzu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simukufunika kuti muchotse udzu.
Zimatheka kubowolezera sizofunikira. Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda kumachepetsedwa - njira zodzitchinjiriza ndizokwanira kuti tchire lisawonekere.
Njira zikuluzikulu komanso zokwanira zosamalira tomato "cham'mbuyo" - kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 2, ndikutentha kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse 10-14. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi opangidwa kale (Fertika, Agricola) molingana ndi malingaliro a omwe akupanga.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'ana mumzing'onowo kuti muone kuyang'ana kwa gawo lapansi. Ngati liposa 2 cm, onjezerani gawo la zosakaniza zamankhwala.
A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amachenjeza kuti: zolakwa mukamakulitsa phwetekere pansi
Ukadaulo wa kusintha kwa phwetekere sikuwoneka ngati kovuta. Komabe, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mbewu. Zimachitika pamene nzika za chilimwe sizikuwona kusiyana pakati pa kulima panthaka komanso dothi lochepera.
Kuthirira mosadziletsa. Zomera zophika zilibe malo oti zithetserepo madzi; Chifukwa chake, amathirira mbewu nthawi zambiri mumakontena. Madzi tsiku lililonse amamwetsa chitsamba chilichonse pafupifupi 5-8% ya kuchuluka kwa matope.
Nthaka simakutidwa ndi mulching wosanjikiza. Ngakhale pansi pa chivundikiro, kuchuluka kwa madziwo ndikokwezeka, izi zimapangitsa nthaka kuti iume. Nthawi yomweyo, mtanda wa dongo umapangidwa, mizu imasowa mpweya.
Kusapezeka kwa chosungira kumayambitsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Kulephera kudyetsa. Malo owumbidwa amathetsedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Tomato amafunikira zakudya zowonjezera panthaka, koma m'miphika ziyenera kuvomerezedwa, pafupifupi milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Ndizosavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chobzala pamabedi momwe solanaceae anakulira - matenda pankhaniyi ndi ovuta kupewa.
