Tomato - Nthawi zonse ndi njira yabwino yothetsera wamaluwa. Ndi zophweka kuti ukhale nawo mu chiwembu chako, ndipo pali phindu lalikulu kwa iwo. Kuwonjezera pa zakudya zake, tomato ali ndi mavitamini ndi zakudya zambiri, ndipo akhoza kukongoletsa mbale iliyonse. Kuti tisangalale ndi masamba abwino kwambiri, obereketsa adachotsa mitundu yambiri yoyambirira, ndipo pakati pawo Mitundu ya Tomato, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'munda. Potsatanetsatane za kafukufuku wa phwetekere, za momwe mungakulere tomato motere, nkhaniyi idzafotokoza.
Kuthamanga kwa phwetekere: Kufotokozera
Matimati wa tomato wosiyanasiyana - tomato oyambirira, omwe ngakhale mlimi wosadziŵa zambiri angathe kuthana ndi kukula, chifukwa masambawa amadziwika kwambiri ndi kudzichepetsa kuti akule bwino ndi kusamalira. Kuthamanga kwa tomato ali ndi khalidwe lokongola kwambiri kwa wamaluwa: chomera cha zosiyanasiyana ndi muyezo chitsamba ndi kutalika kwa 45 mpaka 55 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Kuthamanga kwa Tomato - deterministic zosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kochepa.
Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zokhala ndi minofu, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndi nsonga yothamanga. Khungu la chipatsocho ndi lofiira, lodzaza ndi lofiira kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwa chipatsocho kumafika pa 45 mpaka 60 g. Kuthamanga kwa phwetekere kumakhala ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri: kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 8 kg za zipatso zingathe kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa mita imodzi ya nthaka. Mitengo imalimbikitsa kale masiku 80-120 mutatha mphukira.
Matimati wa phwetekere Kuyenda: zinthu zomwe zimabzala
Kuthamanga kwa tomato sikufuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma ndi bwino kupanga zinthu zina pa chomera, ndipo choyamba chimakhudza malo obzala.
Kumene mungaike Shuttle
Kawirikawiri, tomato a mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula ndi mbande, koma m'madera ena zomera izi zingabzalidwe mwachindunji pabedi la munda. Mulimonsemo, malo oti kulima azikhala bwino komanso ali ndi mpweya wokwanira, koma ndi bwino kuika zitsulo ndi mbande kapena tchire pamalo otseguka kutali ndi zojambulazo. Okonzeratu abwino a tomato Kuthamanga kudzakhala zukini, nkhaka, kaloti, kabichi, katsabola kapena parsley.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musayambe kubzala Shuplant pafupi ndi mapiritsi, mbatata ndi tsabola.
Kodi ndi malo otani omwe Akufunika kuti akule bwino?
Ngati mwasankha kale kukhala ndi tomato osiyanasiyana, ndi bwino kusankha gawo lapansi ndikupanga bwino kulima. Mtengo wokhala ndi thanzi wambiri wothira bwino ndibwino kuti izi zitheke, kuti upeze bwino madzi ndi mpweya ku mizu; PH ya nthaka ndi 5.5-6.0. Ndi bwino kusakaniza magawo awiri a humus ndi 1 gawo la chernozem, mukhoza kuwonjezera 1 gawo la mchenga komanso vermiculite kunthaka.
Kutsekemera kusunga pa mbande
Kuthamanga kwa tomato nthawi zambiri kumakula kudzera mu mbande.
Kuthamanga kwa phwetekere: nthawi, kukonzekera mbewu, chisankho chofuna kubzala
Musanafese phwetekere Mbalame Zosamalidwa, m'pofunika kuchita ntchito yokonzekera. Nyemba sizimafuna kukonzekera kokha: iwo amatetezedwa mokwanira mu njira yothetsera madzi ndi hydrogen peroxide mu chiŵerengero cha 3 ml ya peroxide pa 100 ml ya madzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kuyenera kutenthedwa mpaka madigiri 40 ndikusunga mbeu mmphindi 10. Pofuna kumera mbeu, mungagwiritse ntchito nsalu: muyenera kuthira pansi ndikuyika mbeu mmenemo kuti asakhudzizane. Mbewu, zophimbidwa mu nsalu, ziyenera kuikidwa mu chidepala cha pulasitiki chophimbidwa ndi filimuyo.
Mukudziwa? Kuphimba filimuyi sizingatheke, muyenera kuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuti mupeze mpweya.
Firimuyi iyenera kuchotsedweratu kangapo patsiku chifukwa chowomba. Mbewu zimamera m'malo mwamsanga ndipo masiku angapo ali okonzeka kubzala. Mphamvu yofesa ikhoza kusankhidwa ngati mukufuna, chifukwa chaichi, yoyenera ndi peat, ndi pepala, ndi makapu apulasitiki kapena kaseti. Ngakhale chidebecho chiri chatsopano, chiyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: zikani mu njira yamphamvu ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa theka la ora. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu kumapeto kwa February, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June mudzatha kusangalatsa banja ndi tomato zokometsera.
Ndondomeko yofesa
Ndondomeko yobwera ndi yosavuta: Ngati mukukula chitsamba chilichonse mu chidebe chosiyana, ndiye kuti mukhale ndi chidebe chimodzi mutenge 2-3 mbewu zakuya 0,5-1 masentimita, ndipo ngati muli ndi mphamvu zambiri, muyenera kufesa mbewu mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino. , Masentimita 1-2 masentimita pamtunda wa 5-7 masentimita. Mbewu iyenera kukhala yakuya 1-1 cm masentimita
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji mbande?
Chinthu choyamba chochita ndikuthamangitsa mbande nthawi zonse ndikusakaniza nthaka poyambanso kuyanika kwa gawolo. Chitani bwinoko ndi mfuti ya spray. Zili ndi mabokosi okhala ndi mbande ayenera kutentha kwa 22-24 ° C. Mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera, muyenera kusuntha zitsulozo ndi mbande m'malo ozizira ndikuchotsa filimuyi. Mu sabata, kutentha kumafunika kuzungulira 16 ° C masana ndi 13 ° C usiku. Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi awiri, kutentha kunabwereranso ku 19 ° C. Kuthirira kumayenera kutetezedwa moyenera kapena madzi amvula ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 19 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Mbalame ya cotyledon ikafika msentimita 0.5 mm, zomera zimatha kumizidwa.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa zina zowonjezera za mbande, chifukwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito nyali ya fulorosenti. Feteleza ziyenera kuchitika malinga ndi mbeu ya mbeu, mukhoza kuthirira mbeu "Nitrofoskoy" kapena "Crystal". Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chomera chikudyetsedwa 10-12 patapita masiku osankhidwa.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Musanadzalemo mbande pamalo otseguka, ziyenera kuumitsa: pamene kutentha kumafikira 8-10 ° C, tengani ku khonde kapena pa veranda kwa ora ndi theka. Kuika tomato pamalo osasunthika Kutha kumatha, pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kufika pa 12 ° C. Musanabzala tomato, m'pofunikira kuthirira nthaka bwino komanso mochuluka kuti dziko lapansi "likhale pamodzi" kuzungulira mizu ndipo silikutha.
Kuyala kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thanki kumene mbande idakula. Ndi bwino kudzala mbande masana, mu nyengo yamvula. Kwa Shuttleman, mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uyenera kukhala osachepera 30-35 masentimita. Pambuyo pa tchire chobzala muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto, yomwe mudzamangirire tomato.
Kukula phwetekere: momwe mungasamalire chomera
Kuthamanga kwa tomato sikufuna khama kwambiri kukula. Ndikokwanira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti amwe madzi ndi kudyetsa chomeracho, komanso kuti asayiwale za weeding ndikuyesa kaye kaamba ka matenda ndi tizirombo.
Momwe mungamwetsere chomera
Tomato - Ndi mbewu ya masamba yomwe imaletsa chilala bwino, koma zokolola za tomato, potsatira malamulo a ulimi wothirira, zimakula kwambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusunga njira za ulimi wothirira mwamsanga mutatha kuika pamalo otseguka. Mukamamwa madziwo mofulumira, mofulumira udzakhazikika. Komanso, chidwi chenicheni pa kuthirira tomato chiyenera kulipidwa pa mapangidwe a ovary a chipatso, mwinamwake maluwa ndi mazira omanga amangogwa.
Pa nthawi yakucha, nkofunika kuti musamapitirire kutuluka tomato, chifukwa chinyezi chochulukitsa chidzachititsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowuma mu phwetekere kugwa, ndipo zidzasweka kapena zowola. Kuzama kwa dothi kumadzinso kumadalira kukula, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yodzala mbande kuti apange mazira ochuluka, kuthirira kumayenera kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa kwa 20-25 masentimita, koma pa nthawi yakucha - 25-30 masentimita . Kutsekera tomato Kuthamanga kumafunika masiku asanu ndi awiri mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri pa mlingo wa lita 30 za madzi pa 1 mita imodzi.
Pamwamba kuvala kwa tomato
Pofuna kuwonjezera zokolola za tomato, komanso kulimbikitsa chomera, tomato ayenera kudyetsedwa. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika masiku 12 mutabzala mbande. Ndiye muyenera kudyetsa chomera masiku onse 7-10, pogwiritsira ntchito mchere ndi feteleza. Kwa chomera chimodzi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 0,5-1 lita imodzi ya feteleza.
Mukudziwa? Kuti chipatso chiyambire bwino nthawi ya budding ndi maluwa, mukhoza kupopera zomera ndi njira yothetsera vutoli mu chiwerengero cha madontho awiri pa 200 ml ya madzi.
Komanso, ngati njira yowonetsetsa, chakudya cha foliar chikhoza kupangidwa ndi boric acid, chomwe chidzapangitse chomera kukhala cholimbana ndi nyengo yoipa. Kuti m'malo mwa boric acid azikhala bwino biostimulator "Ovary".
Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera
Ngakhale kuti Wopita - chomeracho sichimatha ndipo amalekerera ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyanazi zingawonongeke ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mitundu yambiri ya matenda a tomato, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amayenera kukumana ndi vutoli, lomwe limakhudza zomera zonse ndipo limakhala ndi maonekedwe a bulauni pamtengo, masamba ndi chipatso chomwecho. 
Matenda ena owopsa ndi tomato anthracnose, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofiira pazomera zonse, koma nthawi zambiri pa zipatso zosapsa. Matendawa ambiri pafupifupi masamba onse ndi zipatso zambewu ndi powdery mildew, omwe amadziwoneka ngati mawanga oyera pa masamba a chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuteteza chomera ku matenda mothandizidwa ndi fungicides, komanso kusamalira zomera nthawi zonse, chifukwa matenda ambiri amakhala m'magazi akufa ndi namsongole.
Koma zowononga, nthawi zambiri tomato wa Shuttlewa akugwidwa ndi chimbalangondo, aphid, kukula kwa mavitamini, nthata zamatsenga, komanso kachilomboka kamodzi ka Colorado mbatata. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi tizirombo kudzera mwa tizilombo, komanso ndizotheka kupopera mbewu ndi sopo.
Kukolola Kusuta
Kukolola kwa phwetekere Kuthamanga kungakhale kale mu miyezi 3-3.5 mutatha kuika pamalo otseguka.
Ndikofunikira! Kukolola tomato za zosiyanasiyanazi kungakhale nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi nyengo yonse.
Mungathe ngakhale kusonkhanitsa tomato, kuwaika pamalo amdima, ndi kutembenuka, muwasiye dospet. Ndikofunika kuti tomato asapitirire, ndipo ngati zakhala zikuchitika kale ndipo zipatso zatha kutayika, ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri chokolola ndi chipatso chovuta, ndiye zipatso zidzakhala zowonjezera.
Kuthamanga kwa phwetekere: ubwino ndi zoipa za zosiyana
Mitundu ya Tomato - Njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi chisanu chimafuna masamba atsopano m'munda. Zoonadi, kuyamba kwa oyambirira kwa tomato ndi kotsimikizirika kuphatikizapo izi zosiyanasiyana. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chothamanga ndi chakuti zipatsozi zikhoza kukhala zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwazing'ono zingathe kusungidwa ngakhale m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Ubwino Wopitako kumaphatikizapo mfundo yakuti kukula tomato za zovutazi ndi kophweka, ndipo sizikusowa makamaka mkhalidwe wabwino.
Malingana ndi wamaluwa, Kuthamanga kuli ndi minda iwiri yokha: osati zonunkhira kwambiri ndi kulawa. Monga mukuonera, kumera phwetekere zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosavuta, ndipo ngati mutayesetsa pang'ono, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ikondweretsani ndi mbeu yabwino.
