Zima-olimba zosiyanasiyana kwa Russian Chernozem dera - chitumbuwa Morozovka

Cherry ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi lero. Anthu ambiri amakonda kukoma kwapachiyambi kwa zipatso zokoma komanso zabwino zowona.

Mmodzi wotchuka woterewa mitundu ndi Sukulu ya Morozovka.

Cherry Morozovka ankakondedwa ndi zokometsera zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo anapatsidwa ndemanga kuchokera kwa wamaluwa, zinali zokolola zabwino, kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chithunzi cha chipatsochi chikuwonjezekanso m'nkhaniyi.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

The chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana Morozovka (dzina lachiwiri ndi Morozovskaya) anabadwira ku Russia ndi diso pa agrotechnical ndi nyengo pakati woyendera dziko, omwe ndi osiyana nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira nyengo yambiri.

Malingana ndi zofunikira za nyengo yozizira yozizira yomwe imapangidwa pa zipatso za chipatso ichi, kwa zaka zingapo muzaka za m'ma 1980 zokhudzana ndi kuswana ntchito zinachitidwa Bungwe lonse la Russian Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Nursery. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, dera la Tambov).

Zinyama zili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha kukana kwa chisanu, komanso ndi dzina la wolemba - Tamara Morozova, katswiri wodziwika bwino m'munda wa zipatso zamwala.

Ntchitoyi inali yopanga zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingasinthidwe ndi nyengo ya pakatikati ya Russia ndipo zidzasintha chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa nyengo yozizira, zokolola zambiri, kuchepa pang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa fungal matenda coccomycosis.

Frostbite analandira mwa kudutsa chitumbuwa mitundu Lyubskaya ndi Vladimirskaya.

Komanso, mbewu za Vladimirskaya isanayambe kuwoloka zinkachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a mutagenic ethyleneimine (EI) pa chiwerengero cha 0.025%.

Kalasivka ya 1988 inatumizidwa ku mayiko a boma.

Mitundu yotereyi monga Turgenevka, Kharitonovskaya, Shokoladnitsa, Shubinka ndi cholinga cholima m'madera ozungulira.

Kuwonekera kwa chitumbuwa Morozovka

Cherry Morozovka ali ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa:

Mtengo

Kusiyana kumtunda wochepa kapena wokhala pakati, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kutalika kwa chomera sichidutsa mamita 2.5.

Korona ndi nthambi. Zokwanira lonse, woukitsidwa. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwake ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe pafupi ndi mpira. Anapanga nthambi zina zowonongeka. Pa thunthu lalikulu ndi chigoba nthambi za korona amapanga makungwa a kuwala kofiira mtundu.

Akuwombera. Kukula kwambiri, imvi. Amapanga lentiki pang'ono. Pamphepete mwa mphukira zimapangidwa, mumtsinje wofanana ndi dzira, umene umakhalapo, umachokera ku mphukira.

Masamba. Iwo amasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mbale yooneka bwino, kumunsi - ndi reddening pang'ono. Maonekedwe a pepala lochepa kwambiri amafanana ndi lololedwa. Pamphepete mwa masamba, palinso bicuspid serration, tsamba lokhalokha ndi losalala. Tsamba limasungidwa patali ndipo sikunenepa kwambiri.

Maluwa Maluwa, makamaka kukula kwake, amakhala ndi mabala oyera. Madeti a maluwa yamatcheri Morozovka amawerengedwa kuti ndi ofunika.

Zipatso

Chuma chachikulu cha mtengo uwu - zipatso zake - chiri ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi wofiira mdima wofiira.

Kulemera kwa mabulosi a mabulosi kufika pa magalamu 4-5 pafupipafupi. Zipatso zimasungidwa pamtengo pogwiritsa ntchito tsinde lokwanira.

Komabe, ndi mawotchi akugwedezeka, zipatso zimatha mosavuta kusiya tsinde. Pakatikati mwa mnofu wandiweyani wamdima wofiira ndi wamba wamphongo, womwe umakhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi chitumbuwa chamkati. Pa khungu palibe zizindikiro ndi mawanga.

Chithunzi

Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Izi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe ilipo - Mitundu ya yamatcheri odzikonda.

Mbali yeniyeni ya zomera zoterozo ndizolephera kuthetsa manyowa mothandizidwa ndi kupendekeka kwa maluwa awo.

Kotero kuti chikhalidwe chikhoza kukula, kukula ndi kubereka zipatso, mu pafupi pomwepo ndi kofunika kudzala yamatcheri otchedwa fruited.

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mapulogalamu oyendetsera mungu osiyana siyana a Morozovka Griot Michurinsky, Zhukovskaya, Lebedyanskaya.

Izi zimathandiza kwambiri, ngakhale m'madera osauka komanso popanda "ntchito" yogwirira njuchi.

Pansi pa mitengo yachilengedwe imayamba kubereka zipatso pa chaka cha 3-4 mutabzala mmerazomwe zimapereka chifukwa choyika izi zosiyanasiyana monga skoroplodny. M'dziko la kuswana, ku Michurinsk, zipatso za pafupifupi nthawi ya kusasitsa akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa July.

Ndi bwino komanso nyengo yabwino, nthawi zonse Zokolola zimakhala pakati pa makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zisanu (5) pa hekitala.

Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezanso ndi zaka zomwezo, Rossoshanskaya Black, Ural Ruby ndi Tsarevna.

Kupulumuka kwabwinookwanira zokolola zazikulu ndi zokoma zamtengo wapatali ndi Makhalidwe abwino a zipatso Zina zakuthupi za Morozovka zimathandizanso.

Makamaka, mtengo wa zosiyanazi umasonyeza kwambiri chilala kukana ndi yozizira hardiness. Tiyenera kudziwika kuti katundu wamtunduwu sali wobadwira m'madera onse a mbewu.

Zomera zozizira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri maluwa ndi maluwa a chitumbuwachi, chomwe chimatha kuzizira ndi kufa m'nyengo yozizira komanso ngakhale pang'ono kubwerera frosts, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Russia Black Soil Region.

Kwambiri yozizira hardiness amasonyezanso ndi Volochaevka, Shokoladnitsa ndi Zhukovskaya mitundu.

Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala kochepa kumagwedezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chipatso cha Frost chingathe kulekerera kutengerako kwautali bwinoIzi ndizofunikira kwambiri popereka zinthu zamakono kumsika wamakono. Zonsezi zimapangitsa chitumbuwa ichi chiwerengero cha chilengedwe chonse ndi zabwino kwambiri zamakono zipatso za chipatso.

Chiŵerengero cha mankhwala akuluakulu omwe ali ku Morozovka ndi awa:

Akatswiri amanena za ubwino wa kudya zipatso za mitundu iyi.

Kuwonjezera pa ascorbic asidi, Morozov yamatcheri ali olemera kwambiri mu organic ndi folic acid, zofunika kwambiri macro-ndi microelements, pectin zinthu, zosiyanasiyana mavitamini.

Odwala amadyetsa osati kudya yekha yamatcheri atsopano, komanso kupanga mapuloteni osiyanasiyana, mapiritsi ndi jams kuchokera kwa iwo.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zipatso za mtengo umenewu zimatchuka ngati gwero la zipangizo zamakono, komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa kunyumba (liqueurs ndi liqueurs).

Ndipo izi ndi zomveka, popeza zipatso za Morozovka, kucha, kukhala wokondweretsa kwambiri ndi ofunika kukoma "zoumba".

Red cherries wa mchere wosiyanasiyana, zokoma zokoma zomwe zimapindula bwino ndi kuchepa pang'ono, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri. Komanso, zipatso sizimasokoneza kukoma kwawo, ngakhale pakuphika komanso kutentha.

Zophatikizapo ndi mitundu Volochaevka, Moscow Griot ndi Lighthouse.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino cha chomera m'moyo wake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha malo abwino oti mubzala.

Kotero malo abwino a Morozovka ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri yomwe imatenga chinyezi ndipo ili ndi mpweya wokwanira. (koma opanda ozizira ozizira). Inde, ziyenera kuyatsa bwino ndi dzuwa.

M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti chitumbuwa chotchedwa Morozovka sichimalekerera madzi ochulukirapo, omwe amadzaza ndi kuwononga mzuzi nthawi ya mvula yambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, madzi ayenera kuthiridwa - ngalande ya madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera kumalo okwera.

Kawirikawiri Morozovka kubereka kumachitika ndi kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphulika. Mtengo wa rooting wobiriwira uli pafupifupi 70%.

Kolola mbande mu kugwa, koma zimabzalidwa m'chaka. Nthaka imakonda. ndi asidi osalowerera. Khalani bwino kambewu kakang'ono pa dothi, mchenga ndi mchenga.

Mukasankha nthaka yoyenera kubzala, muyenera kulingalira za kufalitsa kwabwino kwa mbande m'munda wamunda. Kuti mitengo ikhale yoyenera, pakati pawo nkofunikira kupirira Mtunda wautali kuchokera 2.5 mpaka 3.5 mamita.

Kenaka maenje oyendayenda amapangidwa. Fossa iliyonse iyenera kukhala nayo m'mimba mwake 50-60 cm ndi kuya 40-50 cm. Nthaka yomwe imatulutsidwa nthawi yofukula imasakaniza ndi manyowa (humus), pang'ono ndi kloride potaziyamu, phulusa, superphosphate. Ngati dothi liri ndi dongo lalikulu, ndilofunika kuwonjezera 1-1.5 zidebe za mchenga wamba.

Atakhazikitsa sapling mu dzenje, thunthu lake limapangidwira mmenemo, nthaka ya thunthu imadulidwa. M'mawuni 20-30 masentimita kuchokera pa thunthu Kuchokera pansi lapansi kumapanga mthunzi wambiri. Momwemo mumapangidwe a pulawu kutsanulira ndowa 2-3 zamadzi ozizira ozizira.

Nthaka imene inamira pambuyo kuthirira imakhala ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi utuchi. Kuti phindu likhale labwino, chingwe cha mulch chomwe chimatetezera dothi kuuma chiyenera kukhala osachepera 2-3 masentimita wandiweyani.

Kusamalira bwino mbewuyo nthawi yonse ya kukula kwake ndi chitukuko kuchepetsa nthawi zonse ndi kumasula nthaka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya feteleza yoyenera.

Izi ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo pano kuti pankhani ya Kuwonjezera kwa mchere feteleza panthawi yodzala, zakudya sizikudziwika zaka zingapo zotsatira.

Komanso chofunika kwambiri yoyenera yokonza yamatcheri Morozovka nthawi zonse kuwunika kwa chikhalidwe chake korona ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, yake dilution. Nthambi zowonongeka zimakhalapo pamene mphukira zimakhala yaitali kwambiri (50 cm kapena kuposa).

Ngati simukutsatira ndondomekozi, nthawi yofunika kwambiri ya nthambi za maluwa ikhoza kufupikitsidwa, ndipo zipatso zokha zimakhala zochepetsetsa ndipo zimataya makhalidwe awo osakaniza.

Pano mukufunika kukumbukira izi kudulira kwa korona kumaloledwa kokha ndi kufika kwa kasupe, milungu itatu isanafike masambawo atapsa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha kusankha Morozovka m'lingaliro la kudwala matenda, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodalirika inapezeka.

Mulimonsemo, akatswiri ambiri amadziwa pafupifupi kukhudzidwa kwa zero kwa chitumbuwa ichi ku coccomycosis ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyana ndi matenda ena zokolola zamtundu wotchuka.

Mitundu yotchedwa Lebedyanskaya, Malinovka ndi Novella imasonyeza kuti zimakhala zovuta ku matenda a fungal.

Komabe, monga mitengo ina yamatcheri, Morozovka okondedwa kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya makoswe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, osadye chakudya chosavuta m'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa makungwa ndi nthambi.

Pofuna kuteteza anthu omwe akukula, thunthu lawo ndi nthambi zimalimbikitsidwa m'nyengo yozizira kuti azikulunga kanthu kalikonse kakang'ono.

Zonse zatsopano ndi mtundu wa kupanikizana kapena kuzungulira, Morozovka wokoma ndi wathanzi amapereka munthu amene wapereka ntchito mu ntchito yake ndi moyo wokondweretsa.