Black currant - imodzi mwa mbewu zotchuka kwambiri komanso zapamwamba za mabulosi m'mphepete mwa Soviet.
Iyo inayamba kufalikira mu Middle Ages, monga yabwino pa nthawi imeneyo mankhwala chomera.
Monga mankhwala, currant imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku athu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi salt amchere omwe ali mu zipatso zake ndi masamba.
Posachedwapa, mitundu yonse yatsopano ya mabulosi abwinowa anayamba kuonekera.
Osati kulakwitsa, ndipo kuchokera pa mitundu yoposa 200 kuti musankhe chomera chabwino cha munda?
Ndikoyenera kumvetsera kwa achinyamata, komanso osati odziwika kwambiri osiyanasiyana currants wakuda Venus. Zili ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso zothandiza, ndipo zilibe zovuta zazikulu.
Kufotokozera za Venus zosiyanasiyana
Zolemba zosiyanasiyana za Currant Venus:
- Sukutsani Black currant venus osati apamwamba kwambiri, osakanikirana ndi sing'anga komanso kufalitsa moyenera. Mphukira ndi yofewa, yolimba, yopindika pang'ono, yobiriwira pamwamba. Maluwawo ndi owopsa, ochepa, ovunda, osakanikizika mpaka mphukira.
- Masamba ndi osakaniza, akuda, obiriwira, ndi mano owopsa pamphepete. The scape ndi m'malo wandiweyani, wotalika komanso ofewa.
- Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, otsekemera a pinki, omwe amakhala ndi pubescent matt sepals. Kukula mabwato ang'onoang'ono, maluwa osakwatira 11.
- Zipatso za Venus ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zolemera kuchokera ku 2.5 mpaka 6 magalamu, kuzungulira, limodzi-limodzi, lakuda. Kukoma kokoma, okoma, pafupifupi ayi asidi. Khungu ndi lochepa, limasungunuka, ndi chakudya chomwe sichimamverera.
Venus - Universal Grade, mwachitsanzo, wokwanira kudya mofulumira, komanso kuphika jams ndi kusunga.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Zalandiridwa Venus chifukwa chodutsa mitundu ya Finnish Bredtorp (Karelian) ndi nkhunda ya Siberia.
Wofalitsa wa South Ural Institute for Horticulture V. S. Ilyin anali atakonzekera.
Mu 2004, Venus inayendetsedwa m'madera onse a m'matauni. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chisanu, iwo anayamba kukula mwamsanga ku Russia, komanso ku Belarus, m'mayiko a Baltic ndi m'mayiko ena okhala ndi nyengo yosakhazikika.
Dziwani za ozizira zosagwira mitundu ya black currant:Dobrynya, Gulliver, okoma ku Belarus.
Zizindikiro za currants
Malo ogulitsira - Izi ndizochepetsera kapena zocheperako mochedwa zosiyanasiyana. Kukolola n'kofunika mu 2-3 mlingo, chifukwa zipatso zimapsa nthawi yomweyo. Yambani kusonkhanitsa pofika pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Venus amayamba kubala chipatso pachaka mutabzala ndipo ali ndi zokolola kwambiri. Ndi chitsamba chimodzi chachikulu chingathe kusonkhanitsa mpaka 5 kg ya zipatso.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yapamwamba kwambiri yozizira. Venus mosavuta amatha kutentha mpaka -35-37C, ndipo safuna malo ogona. Ngakhale kuzizira, zimakhala ndi chilala komanso kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya currant yakuda, Venus ndi wokhazikika ndipo susowa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pollinator. Sichinthu chosavuta kuwonjezereka, kumadzichepetsa komanso kusamalitsa matenda owopsa monga powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Chithunzi
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Malo chifukwa currants chikugwirizana pafupi zilizonse. Amakonda bwino-wothira, koma osati mchenga koma osati acidic, nthaka yowala ndi yachonde, m'malo mwake ndi loamy. Simungathe kukhala ndi zitsamba m'malo omwe muli madzi apamwamba. Venus imalola kulekerera pang'ono. Choncho, ndizoyenera kubzala malo omwe ali mu penumbra.
Ma currants achitsamba N'zotheka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira, koma nthawi yopuma yopuma - kupulumuka kumakhala kokwera. Nthaka pa malo osankhidwa imayamba kukonzekera mu August, ndipo kubzala kudzachitika mu September. Chiwembucho chimakumbidwa bwino, namsongole amachotsedwa ndipo feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchokera pa 1 mita mita: 3-4 makilogalamu a manyowa ovunda, 2 tbsp. l superphosphate ndi 1 tbsp. l potaziyamu sulphate. Kenaka kukumba ndi kukwera maenje.
Kuzama kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala 50-60 masentimita, m'mimba mwake - masentimita 60. Dothi lokhala pamwamba limaphatikizidwa ndi zidebe ziwiri za peat kapena humus ndi 200-300 magalamu a phulusa amawonjezeredwa, pafupifupi 1 tbsp. superphosphate ndi 2 tbsp. potaziyamu sulphate. Zonsezi zimasakanizidwa bwino ndikuikidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera. Kuchokera mmwamba kutsanulira dothi laling'ono la nthaka yothira bwino, tsanulirani mitsuko 1-2 ya madzi ndikupita kwa sabata. Pitirizani kubwerera.
Pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, kusamalira currants kumamasula, kuthirira ndi kuthirira nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba.
Ngakhale Venus ndipo amalekerera chilala bwino, koma ndi wokonda kwambiri chinyezi ndipo amafunikira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Kwa nyengo, chitsamba chiyenera kuthiriridwa 3-4 nthawi: kumayambiriro kwa June, kumayambiriro kwa July, mu September ndi November.
Osachepera chitsamba chimodzi anatsanulira osachepera 2-3 ndowa zamadzi.
Pachiyambi cha fruiting, mukhoza kuyamba kudyetsa chomera. Chovala chokongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza chomera chimakhala bwino m'chaka, ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mu kugwa. Kuvala kwapakati kumachitika pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa, ndi yophukira - mutatha kukolola.
Choyamba chodulira chitsamba zomwe zimachitika panthawi yoyenda. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zonse zamphamvu, mphukira zowonjezereka zimachepetsedwa mpaka 3-4 masamba, ndipo zoonda ndi zochepa zimachotsedwa. Mapangidwe a chitsamba amachitika kwa zaka zisanu. Mu chomera chachikulu muyenera kukhala osaposa 14-15 nthambi zazikulu.
Pambuyo pa zaka 6 ndi 7, mukhoza kupanga zotsalira zotsutsana ndi ukalamba. M'nyengo ya autumn, nthambi zakale ndi matenda ndi mphukira zimachotsedwa. Ndikofunika kupewa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chitsamba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mbewu ndi zokolola zochepa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Venus zosiyanasiyana pafupifupi konse sanagwidwe ndi powdery mildew, anthracnose kapena dzimbiri. Koma mokwanira amatengekeka ku septoria ndipo nthawi zina akhoza kukumana ndi impso tick.
Septoria kapena malo oyera ndi ofala kwambiri a fungal matenda a currants. Chizindikiro chake choyamba ndi maonekedwe a masamba a timadontho ting'onoting'ono ndi kuphulika kofiirira. Patapita kanthawi, masambawa ali ndi madontho aang'ono a mdima, ayambe kuwuma ndi kugwa.
Njira zothana ndi matendawa zidzakhala: kuyeretsa nthawi ndi kuyatsa masamba owuma owonongeka ndi kuchiza chitsamba ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa sulphate kapena mkuwa oxychloride (40 magalamu pa chidebe cha madzi).
Kupopera masamba ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi 4 nthawi pa nyengo kumathandizanso bwino: maluwa asanayambe, mwamsanga pambuyo pake, masabata awiri mutatha kukolola. Pofuna kupewa septoria, mukhoza kuthana ndi nthaka ndi masamba a zomera kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu yochepa ya manganese sulphate, ndipo musaiwale kuti ntchito yamchere ya feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yake.
Impso currant mite imadyetsa achinyamata zomera masamba. Mukhoza kuzindikira maonekedwe ake ndi kwambiri kutupa masamba ndi kuoneka kakang'ono kowala masamba pa mphukira.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombozi ndi kophweka. Pofuna kupewa zochitikazo, zimatha kubzala mabedi angapo a adyo ndi anyezi pafupi ndi chitsamba cha currant. Ngati nkhuku idawonekera, ndiye kuti mphukira zonse zomwe zimagwidwa ndi izo zimadulidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa chitsamba ndi adyo yankho (150 magalamu pa chidebe cha madzi ofunda) kumathandiza bwino.
Black currant venus m'zinthu zonse ndizosiyana kwambiri, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kulima amateur ndi mafakitale.
Zopindulitsa zake zopanda kukayikira ndi izi:
- zabwino chisanu kukana;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kulekerera kwa chilala;
- zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zokhala ndi mchere wambiri;
- kutsutsana bwino kwa anthracnose ndi powdery mildew;
kudzikonda.
Mwa zofooka Zingadziwike kuti sizitsutsana kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa septiciosis ndi impso mite.
Venus - Wokwanira bwino kubzala m'munda uliwonse.
Ndizosasamala, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusunga, koma nthawi zonse zimapatsa zipatso zabwino kwambiri zokoma komanso zathanzi.
