Roses, wotchulidwa ndi woimba wamkulu wa ku Italy Niccolò Paganini, adzakongoletsa munda uliwonse. Momwe mungawaferekere, kuwasamalira, ndi njira zomwe mungathe kufalitsa maluwa, ngati ali ndi matenda - werengani zonsezi m'nkhani yathu. Tidzafotokozanso za mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa maluwa amenewa ndikufotokozera makhalidwe awo akuluakulu.
Kufotokozera
Mu 1952, gulu la rosa la Floribunda linalembetsa, lomwe limatanthauza "floriferous". Gululo linali chifukwa cha kuyesa kwautali ndi mitanda ya wofalitsa Danish Svend Poulsen. Lero, Floribunda yowonjezera banja lake ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, imodzi mwa izo ndizo mitundu ya Niccolo Paganini. 
Mitundu imeneyi ndi compact shrub ndi masamba akuluakulu, omwe amatha kutalika pafupifupi mamita 0.8. Maso ake ofiira amdima samasintha mtundu wonse wa maluwa. Mu burashi imakhala ndi masamba 5 mpaka 12, omwe amatseguka mwamsanga ndipo amasintha kwa nthawi yaitali.
Onani "mitundu yambiri ya maluwa": "Westerland", "Leonardo da Vinci", "Benjamin Britten", "Chippendale", "Rosarium Utersen", "Aqua", "Black Magic", "Black Magic", "Black Baccara" "Patio" ndi "Lady Rose".Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino kwa nyengo zonse zotentha ndi zozizira chifukwa zonse zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi kutentha.
Tikufika
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yotsikira ndi kutha kwa kasupe.
Poyamba, sankhani malo pa tsamba. Yesetsani kukhala ndi madzi otsika pafupi ndi maluwa, kapena kuwasunga kutalika masentimita 60. Pewani pambali pamunda momwe muli mphepo yamkuntho, koma kumbukirani kuti maluwa sadzalola kulephera kwa mpweya. Osasankha malo pafupi ndi mitengo yomwe imatha mthunzi wa maluwa ndikutenga chinyezi - maluwa amakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha. Komanso, musabzale maluwa amenewa m'madera okwera (komwe angakumane ndi olimba obvetrivaniyu) ndi m'madera otsika (m'malo awa pali mwayi waukulu wa chinyontho cha chinyontho). Malo abwino kwambiri ndi malo apamwamba kapena ochepa kwambiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungamerezere maluwa kunja kwa bokosi, masika ndi autumn.Kumbukirani: maluwa amakonda malo okonzedwa bwino, owala, okongola kwambiri; koma kukula kwawo kwabwino kunalembedwa pa chernozems. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti dothi la mchenga kapena lachinyama lisagwiritsidwe ntchito, lizitha kufesa mbewuzo m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Musamanyalanyaze kuti rosi imafuna nthaka yochepa ya acidic pH 6.0-6.5. Ngati asidi ali otsika, izi zikhoza kukonzedwa powonjezera peat ndi manyowa kumeneko. Kuchepetsa acidity kungakhale laimu kapena phulusa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito miyala, miyala ya saline ndi dothi. Musati mubzale maluwa komwe iwo adakula kwa zaka 10.
Tsopano ife tidzabzala maluwa pang'onopang'ono:
- kuyeretsa malo a zinyalala ndi dothi, kuzimba;
- Konzani maenje 0.6m deep;
- onetsani miyala kapena miyala yophwanyika pamtunda wa masentimita 10 pansi pa dzenje lililonse;
- Pambuyo pake, onjezerani masentimita 10 a feteleza achilengedwe - manyowa, kompositi;
- kuphimba ndi nthaka yofanana ndi munda;
- ikani mizu ya maluwa kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri mukulankhula pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, yopangidwa ndi dongo ndi madzi;
- Maluwa amathira mu dzenje kuti afikitse khosi lazu 4 cm mu nthaka;
- madzi ambiri ndi mulch maluwa ndi peat kapena utuchi.
Chisamaliro
Kodi tingasamalire bwanji maluwa?
Maluwa amkati amafunikira chidwi kwambiri, kotero werengani momwe mungasamalire rosi mu mphika.
Kuthirira
Ma Roses ayenera kuthiriridwa mochulukira nthawi yonseyi, makamaka nthawi yotentha. Pa chitsamba 1 mumasowa chidebe 1 cha madzi.
Ndi bwino kuchita kamodzi pa sabata madzulo kuti maluwa onyowa sangathe kuwotchedwa dzuwa. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kumachitika nthawi yonse ya chitukuko cha vegetative cha maluwa. Koma kumbukirani kuti organic ndi feteleza feteleza ayenera kusinthidwa. Chifukwa cha feteleza zamchere, zakudya zimapezeka, komanso zinthu zofunikira, chifukwa chakuti zimatha nthawi yaitali, zimawathandiza kuti azidya mofulumira. Choncho pambuyo pa feteleza ndi mchere feteleza (saltpeter, potaziyamu, urea) zimalimbikitsidwa kutsanulira zomera zakuda ndi madzi - mullein wofukiza (1: 1), ndowe yamchere (1:20), albumin (1:10), kulowetsedwa udzu.
Onetsetsani kuti maluwa a maluwa amamera bwanji, komanso kuti azisamalira bwanji masika ndi autumn.Kulowetsedwa kuyenera kuchitidwa monga chonchi: lembani 3/4 - mbiya ndi mbiya 3/4 yodzazidwa ndi thotho, chowombera, udzu wouma; kuphimba ndi madzi ndi kuwonjezera 2-3 supuni ya koloko phulusa kapena urea; lolani ilo lizimera kwa sabata. Tulutsani udzu wobiriwira pa kompositi, sungani madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira (1-1.5 l mwa kulowetsedwa pa madzi 10 l).
Pamaso pa maonekedwe a mchiwiri maluwa, tchire tiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphate feteleza (15-20 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 30-40 g wa superphosphate pa 10 malita a madzi). Pamene maluwawo amatha kachiwiri, amaperekanso potaziyamu.
Kutsegula ndi kukulumikiza
Dziko liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti mizu ya maluwa imayenda bwino ndi mpweya.
Pansi pa tchire, nthaka imasulidwa mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita 10, popeza pali pangozi yowononga mizu ya duwa.
Ndibwino kuti muzitha kusinthanitsa nthaka ndi malo osanjikizana pafupi ndi masentimita 8. Izi zimapulumutsa chinyezi ndikuletsa kukula kwa udzu. 
Mukudziwa? Anthu omwe nthawi zonse amawotcha maluwa a maluwa amakhala okoma mtima komanso odekha. Ndipo kukonzanso maganizo nthawi zambiri kumawotcha ndi zonunkhira za maluwa amenewa, chifukwa amachitidwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zamphamvu kwambiri zotsutsa zowononga.
Kudulira
Chofunika china - kudulira zomera. Malamulo oyambirira kudulira maluwa:
- Nthaŵi yabwino ya ichi ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, pamene masamba adzaphulika pa tchire. Ichi ndi chodulira chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chimasiyanitsa nthambi zakufa kuchokera kwa omwe angakhoze kupeza impso.
- Pamene kudulira chilimwe kufunikira kuchotsa maluwa okhazikika, kotero kuti chitsamba chikanatha pachimake kachiwiri.
- M'nyengo yophukira kudula, kudula nthambi zokha zomwe bowa "amadya" ndi zomwe zakula kwambiri.
Kudulira kumachitika:
- Wamphamvu - kuchokera kumunsi kwa mphukira pa mlingo wa 2-4 masamba. Zabwino kubzala kasupe wa mbande ndi kubwezeretsanso zakale zakuda.
- Zapakatikati kapena zochepa - pa mlingo wa 5-7 masamba. Amapanga rosi ngati zokongoletsera ngati n'kotheka, zimapangitsa maluwa oyambirira.
- Zofooka - chiwonongeko cha maluwa otayika, pang'ono kuchepetsedwa kwa mphukira.
- Kuphatikizidwa - kuphatikiza njira zitatu zapitazo, chifukwa cha izo maluwa omwe amapitirirabe amapezeka. Kudulira kotereku kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino ya Niccolo Paganini.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, pogona
Ma Roses amalekerera mosavuta kutentha mpaka -7 ° C. Chisanu chowala chotero chimapangitsa iwo kuumitsa. Kuwaphimba iwo adalangizidwa pamene thermometer ikutsikira ku -10 ° C. 
Musanaphimbe maluwa, muyenera kuunjika pansi, kuchotsani masamba ndi mazira kuchokera ku tchire, kudula tchire mpaka masentimita 40. Pambuyo pake mukhoza kuphimba ndi mtengo wa thundu, mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira, pang'ono ndi chisanu chophimbidwa ndi duwa. M'nyengo yozizira, padzakhalanso pogona, ndipo m'chaka - chinyezi chofunikira.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yokongola kwambiri, ndipo ingabzalidwe paliponse: Pangani munda wonse wa duwa kapena kuwonetsa maluwa, mapepala, mapiri a alpine nawo. Zidzakhala zokongola za munda wanu komanso paki yamtundu. 
Maluwa amenewa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma oyenerera kwambiri ndi mabelu, petunias, Veronica.
Mukudziwa? Odzola mafuta ndi mbali ya mafuta onunkhira ambiri. Zoona, nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira, chifukwa mafuta obiriwira ndi mankhwala okwera mtengo omwe ndi ofunika kuposa golidi ndi platinamu. Kwa makilogalamu 1 a mafutawa ndi kofunikira kupanga matani 3 a petali.
Njira zoberekera
Pali njira zinayi zobereketsera. Chophweka kwambiri chimatchedwa kuti grafting, zovuta kwambiri zimakhala zovuta (izo zimangoganiziridwa ndi akatswiri enieni okha).
Ndi cuttings:
- Cuttings ali okonzeka kuchokera anapanga ndi lignified mphukira. Dulani iwo pafupifupi 8-10 masentimita yaitali ndipo 0.5-0.7 masentimita wandiweyani.
- Pangani choponderetsa chapamwamba pazitsulo (ziyenera kukhala 5 mm kupitirira kuposa impso), zochepetsetsa (pafupifupi 45 °).
- Chotsani minga, masamba.
- Pakuti bwino rooting wa cuttings pamaso kubzala kuthira mu phytohormonal mankhwala.
- Pangani dzenje lakuya kwambiri kuposa masentimita 10, ndipo mbali imodzi ikhale yoyenera molunjika (kudula kumatsamira pa izo).
- Pakati pa maenje, onetsetsani kuti mupite mtunda wa masentimita 15-20.
- Phizani zomera ndi filimu, koma ndi zothandizira, chifukwa n'kosatheka kuti filimuyi igone pa maluwa.
- Nthawi zonse khalani ndi filimuyi, mvetserani zomera, muwamwe madzi, muwadyetse, mumasule pansi, chotsani namsongole.
- Asanatenge nyengo yozizira, mbande zikulumikiza mu zigawo zingapo za kusungunula, chivundikiro chachikulu ndi filimu kuti ikhale yonyowa. Kotero muyenera kuyembekezera nyengo ziwiri ndikukhalitsa maluwa kumalo awo osatha.
Mbewu:
- Musanadzalemo, zilowetsani mbewuyi kwa mphindi 20 mu njira ya hydrogen peroxide, kenaka muyiike mufiriji. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mvetserani: ngati nkhungu imayambira, muwachitire peroxide kachiwiri.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, nyemba zimere. Awatulutseni ndikuwatumiza ku mapiritsi a peat kapena makapu apadziko lapansi.
- Pamwamba pa dothi akulangizidwa kuti mulch perlite ateteze maluwa ku "mwendo wakuda".
- Madzi mosamala kwambiri.
- Tsiku lowala kwa iwo - maola 10, kotero gwiritsani ntchito kuunikira kwina.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, masamba oyambirira adzawoneka, ndipo adzatsegula masabata asanu pambuyo pake.
- M'chaka, kuika mbande mu nthaka yotseguka.
Kuyika:
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumasula malo amsongole pafupi ndi chitsamba, onjezerani peat.
- Pangani ndondomeko 10 cm pafupi ndi tsinde kuti mubwezeretsedwe. Koma taganizirani izi: kuchokera ku chitsamba 1 ndibwino kutenga mipangidwe yokha yokha.
- Pa mphukira, chotsani makungwawo m'madera ang'onoang'ono ndi kutsitsa pansi.
- Konzani ndodo yomwe mumangiriza mapeto a mphukira (vertically).
- Phimbani ndi zigawo za dziko lapansi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kompositi.
- Mu kugwa mizu mizu - kukumba, mosamala kudula ku chitsamba ndi otsadite.
- Ngati nyembazo zidzakhala nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba ndi peat kapena kompositi. Koma mmerawo ukhoza kubzalidwa mu mphika, kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndi kuikidwa mu kasupe kukhala malo osatha.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kudula masamba, chifukwa mmera umayenera kulimbitsa mizu yake.
Masalmo:
- Pewani mzere wothandizira wothandizira amphamvu (kawirikawiri pambali imeneyi gwiritsani ntchito chiphuphu chamtchire). Mungathe kuchita izi ndi tepi wamba. Koma kwa mwezi umodzi, osati motalika.
- Zigawo zooneka zikuphimba ndi phula lapadera la munda.
- Pambuyo masiku 10-15 mudzawona zotsatira. Ngati katemerayo akuyenda bwino, impso zidzakhala zobiriwira komanso zotupa, zokonzeka kumera, ngati ayi, impso zidzasanduka zakuda ndipo potsirizira pake zidzatha.
Matenda
Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa maluwa amenewa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati aphid, kangaude, spider sawfly. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndi dzanja, kapena mankhwala a Actellic ndi Rogor angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pewani nkhuku ndi sawfly kugula Acrex, DDT kapena Isofen.
Onani zomwe zingapweteke maluwa ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta maluwa.
Kuwonjezera pa tizirombo, matenda otsatirawa angayambitse maluwawo:
- Kutupa - mawanga a mtundu wa orange-wofiira pa masamba, omwe ndi oyenera kukonzekera ndi zokhutira.
- Dothi lakuda - mawanga wakuda pa masamba omwe amakhala akuluakulu ndikuphatikizana. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mbali zonse zokhudzidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba ndi pansi pansi pake. Pambuyo pake, yambani ndi tinyumba ta mullein (tenga gawo limodzi la mullein mu magawo atatu a madzi, lolani ilo liime pamalo amdima kwa masiku khumi). Njira yovuta kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito Fundsol kapena Captan.
- Mame amdima - mabala ofiira ofiira, ophimbidwa ndi chovala choyera. Pankhaniyi, gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Benlat", "Karatan".
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito za mankhwala
Kwa zaka zambiri ndakhala ndikulima masamba obiriwira, choncho nthawi zambiri ndimaganizira za momwe ndingagwiritsire ntchito njira zowonongera nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude. Mu sitolo, ndinalangizidwa kuyesa kupopera mbewu ndi Actellic. Ndinagula, ndinabwerera kunyumba, kufalitsa mankhwalawa monga momwe ndalembera (ndinatenga 2 ml ya mankhwala kwa maola 0,7 a madzi) ndipo madzulo ndinayambitsa nkhaka, tsabola ndi eggplant mu wowonjezera kutentha. Tsiku lachiwiri ndinawona zotsatira zomwe zinaposa zonse zomwe ndikuyembekeza. Mbewuyo inayamba kutsitsimuka, mazira oyamba atsopano anayamba kuonekera. Ndipo tsopano chaka chilichonse, mutabzala mbande m'nthaka, ndimapopera kuti ndipewe mankhwala "Actellic" mbande za mbewu za masamba ndi maluwa. Popeza kukonzekera ndi poizoni, ndi koyenera kuvala zovala zogwirira ntchito komanso magalasi apira pakuthana ndi zomera. Pezani mankhwala awa si ovuta, chifukwa amagulitsidwa m'masitolo onse, "Zonse pamunda".olasneg
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Ndi mankhwalawa, ndinakumanapo kalelo kalelo, nthawi yoyamba pamene maluwa akudwala, bowa analowera mumdima, mvula, nyengo yozizira. Matendawa sakhudza mababu, koma maonekedwe a zomera amawonongeka, tsinde limatha kufa, ndipo mwachibadwa sitingathe kuwona maluwa, ndiyeno ndikukwawa paliponse ngati ndingathe kufufuza zambiri, ndikukonzekera kukonzekera, sindinasokoneze, matendawa sanafalikire. Ndiye ndinkafuna kugula zambiri, koma sindinapeze kwina kulikonse, kupatula ku dziko loyandikana nalo - Belarus, zinalembedwa kuti zinaliletsedwa apa chifukwa zinali zoopsa. Kenaka ndinagwiritsira ntchito kamodzi kokha pofuna kuchiza ndi kuteteza maluŵa a kunyumba, chinachake chomwe chinabwera ndi kugula malo, sindikudziwa kuti mbande za maluwa a nyumba zinafera mtolo, sizinathandize - ziribe kanthu zopanda kanthu, ndipo zinasankha - maziko adasungidwa, owazidwa bwino, osungunuka, owonetsetsa zizindikiro zonse, ziweto sizingathe kulowa m'chipinda chimenecho, zomera zimatha kudwala ndikufa, popeza sichizigwiritsa ntchito, zikuwopabe kunyumba, bwanji ziyenera kuthamangitsa poizoni, koma ndiye anandipulumutsa. Koma palibe chosowa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndimangothamanga makoswe a nyumba zanga kuti ndizipewa, nthawi zina ndifooka Maxim solution. Kwa maluwa, phokoso la foundationol ndilo, ngati, ngati nyengo yamvula, kukonkha, ngati, koma, kapena, kupatulapo, kukonzekera kulimbitsa, kawirikawiri kosatheka. Zikuwoneka kuti iwo anayamba kubwereranso ku Russia, kapena kugulitsa, sizinali zosangalatsa tsopano, koma pamene ndinagula izo, sindinkaziwona, sindinadziwe bwino momwe zilili, "chemistry" yonse ndi yovulaza, muyenera kusamala mukamachita. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha maluwa anga a maluwa, sindidzasiya chithandizochi, ngati chiridi chokwanira.Tatyana-Tatyana
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Maluwawo ndi chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri. Zimasowa chidwi ndi chisamaliro. Koma ngati mutasankha kuyamba kukongola pa chiwembu chanu, simudzadandaula nazo, chifukwa zidzakuthandizani kukhala osangalala. Ndipo tsopano mukudziwa kuchokera ku nkhani yathu momwe mungamere bwino ndikukula duwa la zosiyanasiyana "Niccolò Paganini". Choncho musachite mantha, yesani - ndipo mudzapambanadi!
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa matenda komanso imfa, sungani kuti acidification ya nthaka imene duwa limakula!
