Chomera chochititsa chidwi kwambiri "chisangalalo chachikazi" chingapangitse yemwe amakhala nawo. Masamba amakhala otumbululuka, owopsa, pambuyo - achikaso kapena ngakhale wakuda, amatha kupindika, kupindika ndi kupukuta kwathunthu.
Zomwe zingachitike, momwe mungasinthire komanso kupulumutsa mbewu yomwe mumakonda kunyumba, onse olima ayenera kudziwa izi.
Spathiphyllum kunyumba
Spathiphyllum (mu Latin spathiphyllum) amayimira banja la Aroid, lolumikiza mitundu 45. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imapezeka m'malo otentha, nkhalango zachilengedwe za Brazil, Venezuela ndi Philippines. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti "spatha" ndi "phylum" - "bullets" ndi "tsamba".
Chipinda cha Spathiphyllum
Chomera ichi ndi chosatha chomwe chimawonedwa kuti ndi chopanda. Tsamba limayamba kukula kwake kuchokera kumizu ndipo limatha kudzutsa masamba ozungulira kapena lanceolate mpaka 80 cm.Malimwe limayamba kuphuka, chitsamba chimaphimbidwa ndi inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a cob, wokutidwa ndi "chotchinga" chobiriwira. Pambuyo pa maluwa, peduncle iyenera kudulidwa pang'ono momwe mungathere.
Kalasi wowoneka wachikasu
Zofunika! Mtengowu ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi a maluwa, chifukwa amawerengedwa mosasamala, komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi masamba okongoletsa pa tsamba. Komabe, kuti chomera cha spathiphyllum chikhale chogwira ntchito komanso chopambana, musaiwale kuthirira madzi ambiri ndikupatsanso duwa lambiri.
Mtundu wa "chisangalalo chachimuna"
Zambiri zakukula kwawo:
- Thirani Ndondomeko imachitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti mizuyo isawonongeke. Ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewuyo kasupe nthawiyo duwa litadzaza mumphika. Dothi lofunikira limakonzedwa (mulingo wofanana humus, peat, dothi lamadzi ndi mtsinje) ndi chidebe chokulirapo kuposa momwe chidaliri. Malo osanjikiza amaikidwa pansi pa thankiyo, ndikofunikira kutsika spathiphyllum ndikuwonjezera dothi lokonzedwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndikumasulidwa. Poyamba, utsi wamaluwa wofesedwa ndikuthirira bwino.
- Mutha kudyetsa nthawi yozizira (pamaso pa maluwa), komanso kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Okutobala. Feteleza Wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a yankho la kufooka ndende (madzi ndi 1-1,5 g. Kuvala).
- Kuwala Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri ndikusintha kwa zenera lakumwera. Onetsetsani kuti mwateteza ku dzuwa. Ndi kuwala kwabalalika, shrub imasungabe inflorescence nthawi yayitali. Mumdima, masamba amayamba kuda, kukhala wobiriwira burgundy, maluwa sangathe kudikirira.
- Kutentha Kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda kuchokera +18 mpaka +23 madigiri. Akatsitsidwa madigiri 10 kapena kutsika, inflorescence imayamba kuzimiririka, masamba achikasu amawoneka, ndipo pambuyo pake - zowola. Zotsatira zake, mbewuzo zimafota. Spathiphyllum imatha kufa ndi zojambula zowonjezera.
- Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika ndi madzi okhazikika kwa maola 24. Gawo laling'ono silifa konse, kotero kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochuluka, makamaka chilimwe kapena masika. Komanso dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti madzi asasweke. Ndikusowa chinyontho, masamba amatha kufota kenako pang'onopang'ono adzauma, ndikuwonjezera - masamba amakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima.
Choyambitsa chikasu cha masamba, momwe mungachithetsere
Ngati masamba a spathiphyllum amasanduka achikasu, chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, ndipo chomera chimatsitsimutsidwa bwanji?
Masamba achikasu a chomera
Masamba a spathiphyllum omwe akhala atakhala athanzi nthawi zina satembenukira chikasu nthawi zina sasintha ngakhale kwa akatswiri alimi. Chikaso chimachitika mwachangu ndikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, Zizindikiro zimakhala zofananira, motero mwayi wodziwika wolondola ndiwokhuza. Komabe, simungazengereze ndi chithandizo - mmera udzafa.
Zolinga ndi njira zamankhwala:
- Masamba amatha kutembenukira chikasu chifukwa chosasamalira kumbuyo kwa chomera. Mwachitsanzo, panali nthawi yogwira maluwa, ndipo spathiphyllum inali yotopa chabe. Ndi njira iyi, masamba apansi amasamba amatembenuka mofota, kufota ndikufota. Thandizo loyamba ku duwa lotopa likhala lovala pamwamba, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndikusintha mumphika wotalikirana ndi dothi lotayirira.
- Kuwala kosasangalatsa. Mwinanso, mbewuyo idakhalapo nthawi yayitali dzuwa. Ngakhale kuti spathiphyllum imakonda kuwala, dzuwa lotentha limatha kuyatsa pamafuta.
Tcherani khutu! Kuchepa kwa dzuwa kumakhudzanso chomera. Kenako masamba amasandulika, makulidwewo amachepetsa, mpaka maluwa atha.
- Mphepo yowuma kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yozizira kutentha kwamphamvu. Zosankha zingapo zikuthandizani ndi vuto ili: chotsani duwa kutali ndi batri, ikani chidebe chamadzimadzi pafupi naye, gwiritsani ntchito chinyontho ndi kupopera mbewu nthawi zambiri.
Zimayambitsa kudetsa masamba m'mphepete, momwe mungathetsere
Masamba a Spathiphyllum amakhala akuda m'mphepete kuti achite chiyani, amasamalira bwanji komanso amwe mankhwalawa?
Masamba Akuda
Zifukwa zomwe malangizowo kapena mbale za masamba zimasanduka zakuda mu spathiphyllum ndi:
- Kuchita mopambanitsa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba. Ndikofunika kutsatira mlingo womwe umaperekedwa feteleza wa mchere.
Zambiri. Pambuyo pakugula, kuthira duwa sikuyenera kwa miyezi 1.5 chifukwa choti asanagulitse dothi amatenga chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimasunga mchere wonse nthawi imeneyi.
- Mizu yake idayamba kugundana. Chomera chimakonda madera otentha, nthawi zina kutentha sikumatsika ndi 15-18 madigiri.
- Palibe chinyezi chokwanira. Poyamba, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndi owuma; patatha nthawi yayitali chilala, chimayamba kuda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira ndi kumera mbewuzo pachaka chonse.
- Kutentha kadzuwa. Masamba owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, mbewuyo ikonzanso malo amdima.
- Gawo lolakwika. Chofunikira kuti maluwa akule bwino ndi dothi lotayirira. Ngati ndi wandiweyani, ndiye kuti chinyezi chimasunthika, ndiye kuti chovunda chimawonekera pamizu, kenako masamba amakhalauda.
- Chinyontho chambiri mu nthaka. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kudikirira mpaka gawo loyera la gawo lapansi lithe. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 3-4, nthawi yozizira, kupumula, kapenanso kangapo.
Zifukwa zopukuzira nsonga za pepalali, momwe mungathetsere
Mafunso kwa akatswiri amakhala pafupipafupi: "Spathiphyllum kusamalira kunyumba chifukwa chiyani malangizo a masamba amauma?". Zifukwa zake zingaphatikizeponso izi:
- Osakwanira chinyezi. Choyamba, masamba amayamba kunyezimira ndikutembenukira chikasu, pambuyo pake amathanso kuzizira. Mpweya wouma umawononga kwambiri duwa, chifukwa amachokera nyengo yotentha ya m'madzi yotentha. Kuti athe kulipirira kusowa kwa chinyezi, masamba amapukutidwa ndi fumbi ndikufafaniza kuchokera mfuti yolusa. Mutha kukhazikitsanso poto pa pallet, yomwe imakutidwa ndi chosakanikirana ndi madzi (mchenga, miyala yamiyala, dongo lokulitsa) ndikudzaza madzi.
- Chinyezi chambiri. Osaneneka zokwanira, koma chifukwa cha ichi, malangizo a pepalali nawonso amathanso. Mlendo, akukhulupirira kuti duwa likufunikira kuthirira, limatha kumusokoneza ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zotsatira zake, mizu sigwirizana ndikuyamba kuvunda, ndipo masamba amawuma. Zingakhale bwino kuyika matumba okumbika m'madzi mumphika kapena chidebe chachiwiri. Duwa limayikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu, peat yonyowa imayikidwa m'malo pakati pa ziwirizi.
- Kudyetsa kosayenera Mwambiri, mbewuyo ilibe mchere. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka.
- Malo oyipa a maluwa. Onani ngati duwa likuyima padzuwa lotentha kapena, mosiyana, likuyenda bwino.
Malekezero a tsamba awuma
Cholinga cha kupindika masamba, momwe angakonzere
Zimachitika kuti masamba a spathiphyllum amayamba kufota, masamba otsalawo amapindika. Chomera chikusonyeza kuti akufunika chisamaliro ndikuwonetsetsa kuthirira, kupatsa thanzi, kuyatsa.
Mapepala azipiringa
Zomwe zimapangitsa izi:
- Kutentha kochepa. Kuphatikiza kuti masamba ake ayamba kuda kwambiri, kubiriwira kwambiri, zikuwonekeranso kuyesera "kutentha," ndikudziphimba nokha ngati coceko. Mwina mphika uli pawindo, pomwe zojambula kapena kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kutuluka kwa fan zimakhalapo.
- Kupanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu ikamazizira kapena mvula yamvula nthawi zonse. Mutha kupulumutsa mbewuyo mwa kukhazikitsa nyali yapadera ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet.
- Kuwonongeka kwa maluwa a nsabwe za m'masamba. Monga chofunikira mwachangu, mbewu yonse imathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwamakono "Actellic", yomwe imagwira ntchito pambuyo podziwonetsa pang'ono ndi tizilombo.
Zambiri. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yam'kati mwa spathiphyllum imakhala ndi tsogolo lotembenuza tsamba. Komabe, njirayi ndiyosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri timapepala timadzidziwikitsa posachedwa.
Zimayambitsa masamba otumbulika, momwe angakonzekerere
Zotsatira zinanso zosasamalidwa bwino za spathiphyllum ndi masamba otuwa. Amayamba kutembenuka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kenako pallor imasinthidwa ndikumenyetseka, mawanga akuda, zowola, kuyanika ndi kufa kwathunthu kwa mbewu.
Masamba amtundu
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa izi, popeza zizindikiro zonse ndizofanana. Ngati zonse zachitika munthawi yake komanso moyenera, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imabwerera mwachangu.
Maluwa amayamba kukhala aulesi, mtundu wobiriwira watayika - ichi ndiye chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa. Tsamba litataya turgor (elasticity), zoyamba zoyambirira za yellowness zimawonekera.
Zifukwa zake zimakhala:
- Kutsirira kumachitika molakwika (mwina chinyezi chambiri, kapena, mosiyana, pang'ono), kapena mpweya wouma,
Tcherani khutu! Maluwa amafunikira kukwera ndege pafupipafupi, koma osalemba. M'nyengo yozizira, m'nyumba m'nyumba nthawi zambiri mumakhala zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimawonongeka kwambiri kwa spathiphyllum. Ndikofunika kuchotsa chomera kuti chizitenthetsa ndi chipinda chocheperamo.
- Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi
- Tizilombo tamadwala tamadwala,
- Kuperewera kwa zakudya ndi michere,
Zofunika! Nthawi yamaluwa imadzula chomera. Pambuyo pake, imakumana ndi kufunika kovala zovala zapamwamba. Muyenera kusankha mapangidwe oyenera omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphates. Zinthu zonsezi zimathandizira kukongoletsa duwa, kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi kufalikira kwake, komanso kusunga chomera chomwe mumakonda kwambiri.
- Kufunika kosinthika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu kapena dothi lakutha.
Chinyezi chambiri ndichimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba asinthe. Palibe zovuta kuzimvetsetsa: ingomvani dothi lokha. Iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yopepuka, yonyowa pang'ono.
Zowonjezera. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kupanga mabowo olowetsa pansi. Ngati palibe, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ingobzalidwe mumphika. Palibe chachilendo kuti chinyezi chidzagwedezeka ndipo mizu yake ivunda. Nthaka imawonongeka mwachangu. Muyeneranso kuthira madzi onse owonjezera poto - madziwo sayenera kuyima.
Matenda
Spathiphyllum nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi bowa, mawonekedwe awo amakhala ochulukirapo (matenda otchuka kwambiri ndi dzimbiri komanso mawanga akuda). Nkhondo yolimbana nawo nthawi zambiri imachitika mothandizidwa ndi fungicides. Komanso, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, osangodikirira mpaka duwa lifota.
Masamba atangoyamba kufota, mawanga a imvi, achikaso kapena mitundu yakuda, chithandizo chinayamba. Madera omwe akhudzidwa amadulidwa, zigawo zimathandizidwa ndi mpweya komanso potaziyamu permanganate. Masamba onse amathandizidwa ndi anti-fungal agent wokhala ndi mankhwala (atha kugulika ku shopu yamaluwa chilichonse). Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka ikusinthikadi, chifukwa bowa amawononga. Pa mankhwalawa, kukonzekera kwa Epin kapena Zircon kumawonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira, amathandizira kuyambitsa mphamvu zotsala.
Tizilombo
Kuwongolera kwa tizilombo kumachitika m'njira inayake yosavuta: sopo wosavuta wanyumba ndi wokwanira. Njira yofunda imapangidwa kuchokera sopo, pambuyo pake duwa limakonzedwa kwathunthu. Musaiwale za dothi komanso pawindo, poto ndi poto. Njira yothetsera imasiyidwa pachomera kwa maola awiri, kenako ndikutsukidwa kwambiri. Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri, ndiye kuti zitsamba zachikhalidwe sizingathandize. Kenako muyenera kulimbana mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amachita zinthu mwachangu komanso moyenera. Kubwereza mankhwalawa si kale kuposa masiku 5-7. Izi zimapulumutsa nthawi, mphamvu, moyo wamasamba uzilowera njira yoyenera.
Spathiphyllum sikuti ndi maluwa okongola komanso osangalatsa, komanso othandiza. Amadziwika kuti amawononga poizoni, benzene ngakhalenso formaldehyde. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayeretsa kwambiri mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, palibe kukayika kuti bambo wokongola wotere amayenera kupita naye kunyumba kapena kuofesi.
