Mmodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo mu Mizinda - Belfleur Bashkir.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyanasiyana, komanso malingaliro okhudza mitengo ya apulo tingapeze m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chithunzi cha chipatso mu nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Kumayambiriro kwa chisanu Bashkir Belfleur ndi chakudya chokoma chokoma kwambiri.
Anapangidwira m'madera otentha a steppe ndi nkhalango, omwe amafalitsidwa ku Tatarstan ndi ku Bashkortostan.
Pakati pa mitundu yozizira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasonyeza kukoma mtima: Nymph, Orlovsky Sinap, Kandil Orlovsky, Aport ndi Orlik.
Kuwongolera
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso ndi yopanda chipatso, mungu umapezeka m'madera ena a mitengo ya apulo.
Feteleza akhoza kukhala: Antonovka, Bashkir wokongola, Anis Sverdlovsk, Titovka mmera, Titovka ndi mitundu ina iliyonse yomwe imagwirizana ndi nyengo.
Maluwa onunkhira amatsutsa m'mawa kwambiri chisanu.
Tsatanetsatane mitundu Belfleur Bashkir
Mitengo ya apulasitiki ya Bashkir ya Belfleur inapindula kuchokera kwa makolo awo kuchepa, kulima kolimba kwa zipatso zozungulira pa nthambi. Kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala mbali zapadera za chomera ichi.
Mtengo srednerosloy, kapangidwe kakang'ono kozungulira ndi nthambi zowongoka, mapeto ake omwe amatsogoleredwa pamwamba.
Mtengo wa Apple Belfleur Bashkir uli ndi nthambi zamphamvu ndi zamphamvu, zimapirira nyengo yozizira bwino.
Mabala a Leaf ndi aakulu.
Mtengo uli woyenerera pa ntchito ya mayi chomera pamene akutsitsa, mizu imazindikira mosavuta kuika pamalo atsopano.
Bashkir Belfleur zipatso ali mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira ozungulira. Mtunduwu ndi wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ya pinki ndi madontho a mbali imodzi. Kukula kwa maapulo ndi kochepa, mpaka 150 g.
Maapulo ali ndi sing'anga yautali, yomwe imabzalidwa bwino mu thumba la chipatso. Chisa cha mbewu ndi chaching'ono ndi zipinda zotsekedwa, njere ndizopakati.
Zosakhwima zamkati ma apulo ali ndi kuwala bwino-grained dongosolo, zokoma zokoma zokoma ndi zonunkhira zamphamvu.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Makolo olemekezeka a wosakanizidwa atsopano ali Bashkir wokongola ndi wosakanizidwa kuchokera m'minda ya wamkulu wamkulu I. Michurin - Chinese Belfleur.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kunapezeka mu 1938zikomo Raisa Ippolitovna Bolotina.
Iye ankagwira ntchito Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture ndipo, pamodzi ndi abwenzi ake, adabweretsa mitundu yambiri ya apulo, peyala ndi mitengo ya currant.
Zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bashkir ya Belfleur inagwiridwa mu 1991 ndipo tsopano ikudziwika, yomwe imapezeka m'minda yonse ya Soviet.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Zosakanizidwa zinabadwira ku Bashkiria osagonjetsedwazodabwitsa chimakhala chilala chilimwe.
Mtengo umabala chipatso chabwino m'madera onse mpaka madigiri 50 kumpoto, i.e. yoyenera kubzala m'madera ambiri a Russia.
Kubzala m'derali, mitundu yotsatirayi ikuyenera: Uralets, Yantar, Ural Bulk, Silver Hoof ndi Isetskoe mtsogolo.
Pereka
Zabwino zokolola (50-80 makilogalamu kuchokera pamtengo) komanso zabwino kukhazikika ndi kuyenda Zipatso zakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagulitsa malonda a maapulo osiyanasiyana.
Maapulo mwamphamvu amakhala pamthambi, amanyamula mphepo zamphamvu popanda mphepo yamkuntho isanakwane. Kukolola zipatso kuyambira September, kusungidwa bwino mpaka February.
Mitundu yotsatira ya apulo ikhoza kutsimikizira zokolola zambiri: Lobo, Antey, Lyubava, Kuybyshevskoe ndi Imrus.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ngakhalenso wamaluwa odziwa bwino nthawi zonse samadziwa momwe angamere mtengo wa zipatso. Timagwiritsa ntchito malangizo a wofalitsa I. V. Michurin, wokhudzana ndi zaka zambiri za wasayansi wothandiza kwambiri.
Malamulo ochepa oyendetsera nthaka:
Kukumba chiwembu chonsecho, chokonzedwa kuti chodzala mitengo ya 2 bayonet mafosholo mwakuya kapena kulima ndi njinga yamoto ndi khasu.
Chomera chofunika zaka ziwiri za katemera.
Mitengo yamapulo ya Srednerosly pa chiwembu amakhala pamtunda wa mamita anayi mzere, ndi nthawi ya mamita 6 pakati pa mizere.
Chombo chodzera, pa malangizo a I. Michurin, amafunika Mita 1 yakuya ndi lonse, ndipo pansi pa dzenje wagona tulo malo ndi humusmtunda wotero.
Nkhumba, yomwe idakonzedweratu ka makungwa, nthambi ndi zosawerengeka, imapitilira pakati pa phiri mpaka pansi pa dzenje. Pamwamba pa dothi ladothi amaika mtengo, kotero kuti mizu ya mizu inakwezera zala ziwiri pamwamba pa nthaka, ndi dothi la nthaka mtengo udzagwa.
Kuyala kwakukulu sikoyenera, ngati, ngati msinkhu wopatsirana umagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa kubzala kumera, ndizotheka komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Mizu ya chomeracho iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino mu dzenje lodzala ndi kulunjika pansi. Mapeto a muzu owonongeka ndi kubzala kusankhwima akutsatiridwa ndi mpeni.
Ndibwino kuti musanabzala (usiku) mizu ya mtengo onetsetsani mu yankho la dongo lachikasu theka ndi zitsamba zatsopano kapena abwino madzi feteleza.
Mutabzala, nthaka kuzungulira thunthu ili pansi, ndiye kuthirira kumafunika. (Ndowa 3-4 za madzi). Kuthirira mu chaka choyamba mutatha kubzala kumapeto kwa sabata iliyonse (mu nthawi youma).
Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa, zimayenera kumangiriza mtengo ndi udzu, kusiya korona (ngati pali imodzi) kapena 4-6 chapamwamba.
Kufika nkokotheka monga kumapeto, pamaso pa maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira, kotero ndi kugwa, kumapeto kwa September, October (ndi nthaka yowonongeka, ngati yowuma - idzapitirira mpaka masika).
Kusiya kumatulutsa kumasula komanso kulima nthaka chilimwe.
Mitengo iwiri kapena itatu ya chaka chimodzi inalangizidwa kudulakuchoka 4-6 masamba pa mphukira yatsopano.
Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe kusuntha kwa juisi, ikhoza kutsekemera ndi mafuta odzola (sayenera kukhala ndi mafuta, mafuta, mafuta, etc.).
Ntchito ina yam'munda:
- mu April, kuyika ndi kukhazikitsa mitengo yoonongeka ndi zilonda ndi mbewa, kuyambitsa matenda ophera tizilombo (aphid) - kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi mankhwala;
- mu July, kudulira nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka, kumasula nthaka;
- udzu wa udzu mu August;
- September akumba mitengo;
- mu November, kupondaponda chisanu pamitengo ya mitengo, popewera makoswe (hares ndi mbewa);
- mu December, chiwonongeko cha mbozi chimawombera mkuntho pamphepete mwa makoswe owuma a masamba.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Bashkir Belfleur imangowonongeka ndi:
Kuthamanga njenjete (mbozi zimawononga zipatso, zimathandiza kuti ntchentche ikhale yaikulu). Pochotsa pinwort, kupopera mankhwala awiri ndi njira ya masamba a Paris (poizoni wamphamvu) muyeso wa 100 g pa 16 ndowa za madzi mwamsanga mutatha maluwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene ovary yafika kukula kwa hazelnut, imayambitsidwa.
Apple aphid. Amaphedwa ndi yankho la 200 g la sopo losweka la banja pa chidebe chimodzi cha madzi otentha ndi kuwonjezera chikho chimodzi cha msuzi wa fodya (shag), kotala ya chikho cha mafuta a mafuta, pansi ndi chikho cha hafu ya phulusa. Ndibwino kuti mavitamini apatsire m'magazi ndi kusakaniza kapena kuwasakaniza ndi bash kapena brush.
Scab, matenda a fungal, amadziwonetsera ngati maluwa obiriwira kwambiri pamtengo wokhoma wa mtengo. Kuchotsedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalala mitengo iwiri ndi 2% Bordeaux madzi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika musanafike patsogolo kwa masamba ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira.
Ndiyeneranso kutenga njira zotsutsana ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali, njenjete za migodi, ziboda ndi silika.
Kukula zipatso zabwino za maapulo ndiloto lolima. Zimakhala zenizeni mukadzala mitengo yabwino ya zipatso. Bashkir Belfleur ndi chimodzi mwa izi.
Mapindu ake ndi abwino kwambiri (okoma), osakaniza chisanu kukana, zokolola zambiri, zabwino zotengerako komanso khalidwe.
