Mitundu yambiri ya vinyo yopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za Cabernet.
Chidziŵitso chake ndicho kusintha maluwa ndi kukoma kwa vinyo malingana ndi malo omwe amakula., ndi kusintha kusintha kwa zinthu.
Mphamvu ya vinyo imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi nthaka komanso nyengo.
Tidzakambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesayi mwatsatanetsatane lero.
M'nkhaniyi simudzapeza malongosoledwe ake, komanso zina zambiri zothandiza.
Kafukufuku wa Cabernet Sauvignon wakhala akuwoneka ngati wapamwamba pa winemaking. Dziko lake ndi Bordeaux, France. Kuchokera pano kuti mphesa yabwino kwambiri ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi: lero yakula, kuwonjezera ku Western ndi Eastern Europe, ku Australia ndi USA, Argentina ndi Chile, Japan ndi South Africa.
Mitundu ina yotchuka ya vinyo ndi Merlot, Syrah ndi Riesling.
Cabernet Variety Description
Cabernet ndi mtundu wa mphesa wamkulu kuti apange vinyo wofiira. Mitundu iyi imatchedwa luso kapena kupanga vinyo. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ndi Cabernet Franc.
Zipatsozo ndi zakuda, zakuda buluu kapena zobiriwira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu akuluakulu pa miyendo yaitali. Nthawi yaitali gulu lotsekemera limakhala la masentimita 12 mpaka 15, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Mmene gululi limagwirira ntchito kwambiri, "phiko" limapezeka nthawi zambiri - nthambi kumtunda.
- Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, ndi khungu lakuda, lokhala ndi zokuta sera sera.
- Masambawa amawoneka bwino, ataphika asanu, ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono atatu a m'mphepete mwake.
- Madzi ndi opanda mtundu, akhoza kukhala a pinki pang'ono.
Zouma chilimwe chimapangitsa kuti masango akhale ochepa, monga zipatso zokha. Kuchuluka kwa masango kumachepa, nthawi zambiri khungu limakhala lalikulu.
Kawirikawiri pali malangizo othandizira kuwonetsa mungu. Choncho mungathe kuthana ndi mchiza wamphesa, mulimonsemo, kuwunikira kwina kumapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwake, kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa maburashi.
Kuwongolera kwina kumathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa mitundu monga Ruta, Ladanny ndi King Ruby.
Mbiri yobereka
Panthaŵi imene asilikali a Roma anagonjetsa gawo la masiku ano a France, mphesazo zinalimidwa pano - kholo la kabernet yamakono.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa majini, Cabernet Sauvignon - mbadwa ya chilengedwe chakuda mphesa zakuda Cabernet Franc ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa Sauvignon Blanc. Kuwonekera kwa atsopano ochita kafukufuku osiyanasiyana kunayesedwa m'zaka za zana la XVII.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro za mphesa
Zimakula mochedwa, osati nyengo iliyonse ndipo sizikukula mokwanira nyengo zonse.
Zokolola ndi 60-70 magulu pa hekitalaKomabe, zimadalira kwambiri dera la kukula.
Rkatsiteli, Podarok Magaracha ndi Dombkovskaya amakumbukira bwino kwambiri.
M'nyengo yophukira, mphesa zakhala zotalika kale ku tchire ndipo pafupifupi sizikuwonongeka chifukwa cha mvula.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zoipa za mitundu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha pea. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zina zobiriwira zopanda mbewu, zofanana ndi mapeyala maonekedwe ndi zowawa kwambiri mu kukoma, zimapangidwa pa gulu. Chizindikiro chomwecho chikuwonetsedwa ndi Cabernet, Nadezhda Azos ndi Muscat Hamburg.
Vuto lina likuchotsa mazira, makamaka kuchokera kumphepo yamphamvu kapena nyengo zina zovuta.
Mukhoza kumenyana ndi mtola pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Zonse zimawongolera kuwonetsa mungu wamphesa, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- pollination (kapena pollination) pamanja;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba ndi microelements: boron, magnesium, zinki;
- Mankhwala a mphesa ndi kukula kwachilengedwe: gibberellin.
Ndikofunika kuti dothi limasulidwe bwino. Pakati pa kutentha kwakukulu, zimathandiza kupopera mphesa, kuwonjezereka mvula. Ndikofunikanso kuti mungu azikhala wabwino.
Cabernet Sauvignon ndi achibale ake apamtima ali ndi chilengedwe chotsutsana ndi phylloxera. Mwa tizirombo timene timayambitsa matenda owopsa: webusaiti ndi mphesa.
Mphesa yamphesa, zimakhala zovuta kuwona, komabe, kuphulika kofiira komwe kumachoka pa masamba kukuwoneka bwino. Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito sulfure. Iwo amawonjezeredwa ku Bordeaux kusakaniza ndi masamba makamaka mosamalitsa ankachitidwa kuchokera pansi.
Kangaude mite kukula kwakukulu pang'ono komanso koopsa kwambiri. Amakhalanso "moyo" pamunsi mwa masamba, pang'onopang'ono amawagwedeza ndi mabubu. Pofuna kuthana ndi izo, tchire timachiritsidwa ndi sopo 4% yothetsera; izi zimachitika pamene masambawo atseguka. Komanso, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mphesa ndi mungu wowonjezera ndi sulfure (1%), yokwanira 4-6.
Tizilombo tofewa ndipo ziphuphu zake ndizofala, koma sizilombo zoopsa kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mbozi imadyetsa maluwa ndi mazira ambiri, ndipo zipatso zikamera, zimawononga zipatso zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira.
Kukhalapo kwa ziphuphu za tsamba la creeper kumawoneka pa intaneti, zomwe zimapotoza zipatsozo. M'nyengo yamvula, chifukwa cha chinyezi chomwe chimapezeka pa intaneti, zipatso zimayamba kuvunda.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo timene timagwiritsira ntchito kupopera mbewu za mpesa ndi tizirombo. Kawirikawiri zimasakanizidwa ndi fungicides, motero amachititsa kusakaniza ndi bowa ndi nkhungu.
Za tizilombo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kulandiraAmapezeka ngati emulsion kapena ufa.
Pa nyengo yokula, mphesa zimapatsidwa maulendo anayi ndi kuika 50% emulsion ndi chiŵerengero cha 0,8 mpaka 2.4 malita pa hekitala.
Tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (chiwerengero cha mankhwala amachiritsidwa): cymbush (3), sumicidin (2), ekamet (5), cydial (2), fosalon (2) ndi ena. Mankhwala awiri omalizira amathandizanso polimbana ndi nthata. Mwatsoka, pafupifupi mankhwala onsewa ndi owopsa kwa njuchi, ndi tizilombo tina tonse.
Pa ntchito ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikofunikira kuphunzira phunziro ndikuliwona. Kupopera mbewu ya mpesa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa mwezi umodzi musanakolole.
Musaiwale za kuthekera kwa kutuluka kwa matenda wamba a mphesa. Oidium ndi mildew, anthracnose ndi bacteriosis amafuna chidwi kwambiri ndi njira zothandizira. Musanyalanyaze iwo ndi khansa ya bakiteriya, chlorosis ndi rubella. Pakapita nthawi, iwo adzapulumutsa zomera ndi zokolola.
Zosiyanasiyana
Cortis
Cabernet Cortis ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe inamangidwa ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1980 poyendayenda ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ndi mitundu ya Merzling (omwe makolo awo ndi Saperavi kumpoto ndi Muscat Ottonel). Ndilo gulu la mitundu ya kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, komwe amagawira makamaka ku Germany ndi Switzerland. Wolemba wa zosiyanasiyana ndi Norbert Beckert (Freiburg).
Mitengoyi imakhala ndi nthawi yakucha (masiku 138-141) ndi zokolola zambiri: kuyambira 80 mpaka 120 hl pa hekitala.
Mphesa za Cabernet Cortis zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda - mildew ndi oidium.
Vinyo amaoneka kuti ali ndi mdima wofiira, mumatope a black currant, fodya, udzu wouma, tsabola wobiriwira amawoneka.
Sauvignon (pa Cabernet Sauvignon)
Cabernet Sauvignon mphesa ndi mitundu ya sing'anga mochedwa (molingana ndi zigawo zina: mochedwa) kucha. Kuchokera pamene kabernet Sauvignon imamera kukolola, masiku 143 (popanga vinyo watsopano) kapena kupitirira, masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (165), kwa vinyo wa mchere, kudutsa.
Nthawi yokolola imadalira malo komanso nyengo.Kawirikawiri ndi nthawi yochokera ku theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa September kufikira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za mwezi wa October.
Izi sizingatheke kuti mudyetse mwatsopano, monga mphesa mphesa: ili ndi mphamvu, yowonda kwambiri komanso yokonda kwambiri. Madzi ochokera kumtundu uwu wamphesa ndi tart, osati aliyense amakonda khalidwe lake kukoma. Koma Monga chopangira kupanga vinyo wofiira - tebulo, mchere komanso wamphamvu - Cabernet Sauvignon mphesa zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Fran (fr. Cabernet franc)
Mpesa wamtundu uwu ndi umodzi mwa "makolo" a Cabernet Sauvignon wotchuka kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi "mbeu", mabala a mphesa a Cabernet Franc ali ndi zokolola zochepa, koma zimafika poyera kwambiri. Kwa madera ambiri omwe sakhala osiyana ndi nyengo yabwino kapena yabwino, kucha koyamba ndiko kupindulitsa kwakukulu.
Vinyo wochokera ku Cabernet Franc ali ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri ndi zokometsera zokometsera. Malinga ndi dera la winemaking, fungo labwino likhoza kufanana ndi fungo la raspberries kapena violets.
Nthaŵi zambiri Winemakers amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Cabernet Franc ndi Cabernet Sauvignonpamene vinyo wokonzeka kupanga zipatso kapena mabulosi.
Mitundu ya mphesa yowonjezera ili ndi mayina ambiri ofanana, ngakhale ku France, malingana ndi dera. Angatchedwe kuti "bouchet", "breton" (breton) kapena "cabernet gris" (cabernet gray), ndipo iyi ndi mbali yochepa chabe ya mayina am'deralo.
Mphesa za Cabernet Franc zimagawidwa kwambiri ku France ndi kumpoto kwa Italy.
Mphesa za zosiyanasiyana "Cabernet" (molondola, "Cabernet Sauvignon") ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka yamphesa mu winemaking. Zodabwitsa kwambiri, koma mofanana ndi vinyo wofiira wodetsedwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za zosiyanasiyana.
