Zizindikiro za klorosis mphesa ndi mitundu yake, zithunzi ndi njira zothandizira matendawa

Photosynthesis - maziko a kukhalapo kwa zomera, amapezeka mu maselo ofiira a chlorophyll. Koma nthawi zina poyambitsa matenda kapena kuphwanya zakudya za nthaka, mapangidwe a chlorophyll amaletsedwa.

Zotsatira zake, masambawo ali pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kutaya mtundu wobiriwira, mutembenuke chikasu, nthawi zina mutenge mtundu wa njovu. Mapepala amataya ntchito yake. Matendawa akutchedwa chlorosis.

Zizindikiro za chlorosis mphesa

Ndi chlorosis, masamba akuyamba khala wotumbululuka. Masamba akale amakhala amtundu wonyezimira; kawirikawiri ana amakhala ndi mandimu. Choncho, njira ya photosynthesis imasokonezeka, kukula kwa mphukira kumatha. Pakapita nthawi, nsonga za mphukira ndi masamba zimatha kufa. Matenda odyetsa amachititsa kugwa kwa ma thumba losunga mazira, ndipo ena onse samakula. Mtengo wamphesa umakula molakwika.

Alipo zifukwa zitatu zazikuluzomwe zimayambitsa chlorosis. Choncho, mawonetseredwe akunja a matendawa ali osiyana.

Kuti mupeze matenda oyenera komanso mankhwala oyenera, masamba amafunika kusamalidwa bwino, kusamala ndi chikhalidwe komanso malo a chikasu.

Chithunzi

Mitundu ya matenda

Osati opatsirana

Mtundu uwu wa matenda umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwachitsulo ndi zomera kuchokera m'nthaka. zitsulo zachitsulopopanda chimene chlorophyll sichikhoza kupanga.

Matendawa amatchedwa chlorosis. Ngakhale chitsulo sichili mbali ya mtundu wobiriwira wa pigment, ndi wofunika kwambiri pakati pa klorophyll.

Matenda osapatsirana amayamba ndi mawonekedwe aang'ono a chikasu. Pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka, amayamba kusonkhana palimodzi. Mitsempha imakhalabe yobiriwira kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo danga pakati pawo limakhala la chikasu.

Mmerawo ukhoza kusowa chitsulo chifukwa cha:

• chochepa cha chinthu ichi mu nthaka;
• nthaka yamchere yomwe imasokoneza kuyamwa kwa chitsulo;
• kukula mphesa pamtunda wolemera komanso kutaya okwanira kwa mizu.

Atatha kusanthula nthaka, mukhoza kuyamba kuthetsa kuthetsa matendawa.

1. Ngati dothi silingathe kupereka mpesa ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, m'pofunikira kudyetsa chomera ndi chigawo ichi. Kupaka pamwamba kungakhale mizu ndi foliar. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mankhwala a chitsulo sulfate.

   Koma zaka zaposachedwapa zakhazikitsidwa kuti chitsulo chimakhudzidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe a chelate, motero, anayamba kupanga feteleza omwe ali ndi feteleza. Kufanana kwa chitsulo kumathandizidwanso ndi zinthu monga zinc, boron, manganese, ndi magnesium. Choncho, ndizoyenera kudyetsa mphesa ndi zovuta zokhazokha.

2. Mchere wamchere, womwe umakhala ndi dothi, uli ndi kuchuluka kwa laimu. Zikatero, chitsulo chomwe chili m'nthaka chikudutsa mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana.

   Thandizo loyamba pa nkhaniyi lidzakhala lofanana ndi feteleza ndi ma microelements. Ndipo m'tsogolo tidzathandiza kupanga organic.

Pa carbonate dothi, mitundu ya mphesa ya ku Ulaya imadwala pang'ono ndi chlorosis.
3. Kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa Nthaka yolemera ikhoza kumasula, kupanga manyowa, ena amachepetsa ulimi wothirira. Izo zimazindikira kuti mu chilimwe chilimwe, chlorosis imawonetsedwa mochuluka mobwerezabwereza. Kudyetsa kumafunika kokha foliar.

Matenda

Matendawa amachititsa kachilombo kamene kamalowa m'minda ya mpesa ndi mbande zomwe sizinayambe kulamulira. Mtundu uwu wa matenda umawoneka mosiyana. Pa chomera chokhudzidwa, mitsempha ndi yoyamba kutembenukira chikasu, momwe kachilomboka kakufalikira.

Tsamba limapanga mtundu wa zithunzi. Choncho, mtundu uwu wa chlorosis umatchedwanso mtundu wachikasu.

Mitengo yotereyi siyiyendetsa mankhwala, kotero, pozindikira mtundu uwu wa chlorosis, mpesa uyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. Mwamwayi, nyengo yozizira, matendawa sali wamba, ndipo madera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa amakhala ovutika kwambiri.

Edaphiko

Kuphwanya kwa chlorophyll kumaphatikizapo panthawi yovuta pa chilala champhesa kapena chinyezi chokwanira, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha.

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa zotsatira zake zowonongeka, chomeracho pang'onopang'ono chimabwerera kuchibadwa. Pofuna kuthandizira maluwa mwamsanga kuyamba kugwira ntchito bwino, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokhachokha.

Kupewa Matenda

1. Kupindulitsa kwa nthawi yaitali pamunda wamphesa kwachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, makamaka mlengalenga ndi madzi.

   Mpaka pano, nthaka isanayambe kuika munda wamphesa kapena kuipanga dothi, zida, slag. Zotsatira zabwino zimatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mulching.



2. Kwa minda yamphesa simukulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito manyowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsamba zisakhudze. Oyenera kwambiri feteleza ndi manyowa, sapropel kapena peat.
3. Manyowa a mchere amafunika kunyamula omwe ali ndi asidi omwe amachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yofewa. Mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu sulphate, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate zingakhale zofunika.
4. Kupindulitsa kwa nthaka kufufuza zinthu, kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mpweya kumafesa pansi pa tchire la mbeu: lupine, wiki, alfalfa.
5. Pomaliza, kulima mitundu ndi njira zothandiza kupewa. Chlorosis Resistant: Trollingera, Limberger, Portugizer, Pinot Meniere, Elbling, Cabernet, mitundu ya Saint Laurent ndi Muscatel.

Amadziwika ndi chlorosis Agat Donskoy ndi Antey, Rupestris ndi Riparia, Aligote ndi Riesling, Danko ndi December, Muscat ndi Magarach, Pinot wakuda ndi Pinot Blanc, Italy ndi Isabella.

Chlorosis ikhoza kukhala yowona tsoka kwa munda wamphesa, kwambiri kuchepetsa zokolola za chaka chomwecho ndi kufooketsa mpesa, zomwe zingachitike m'zaka zotsatira. Koma mankhwala oyenera a chlorosis mphesa amapereka zotsatira zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti tiyambe matenda, musapereke mpesa kuti ufooketse. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta zodziwikiratu sizili zovuta kuti muteteze chlorosis.

Zothandiza kanema, momwe angachiritse chlorosis mphesa: